Bassoon: he aha ia, kani, nā ʻano, ka hoʻolālā, ka mōʻaukala

ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka lā maoli o ka hānau ʻana o ka bassoon, akā ʻo kēia mea kani mai ka Middle Ages. ʻOiai kona kumu kahiko, kaulana ia i kēia mau lā, he mea nui ia o ka symphony a me ke keleawe.

He aha ka bassoon

Aia ka Bassoon i ka hui o nā mea kani makani. ʻO kona inoa ʻo Italia, unuhi ʻia ʻo "bundle", "knot", "bundle of fire". Ma waho, ua like ia me kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, lōʻihi, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana valve paʻakikī, ʻo ka lua.

ʻO ka timbre o ka bassoon i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻike, hoʻonui ʻia me nā overtones ma ka laulā holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, pili nā papa inoa 2 - haʻahaʻa, waena (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka luna: nā memo kani ikaika, tense, nasal).

ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi bassoon maʻamau he 2,5 mau mika, ʻo ke kaumaha ma kahi o 3 kg. ʻO ka mea hana he lāʻau, ʻaʻole kekahi, akā maple wale nō.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka bassoon

Aia ka hoʻolālā i 4 mau ʻāpana nui:

• kuli lalo, kapa ʻia ʻo "boot", "trunk";
• kuli liʻiliʻi;
• kuli nui;
• ʻoki ʻana.

Hiki ke collapsible ka hale. ʻO ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻo ke aniani a i ʻole "es" - he paipu metala curved mai ke kuli liʻiliʻi, e like me ka S ma ka outline. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻohe ʻohe ʻelua ma luna o ke aniani - kahi mea e lawe ai i ke kani.

Hoʻolakoʻia ka hihia me ka nui o nā puka (25-30 mau'āpana): ma ka weheʻana a me ka paniʻana iā lākou, hoʻololi ka mea mele i ka pitch. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomalu i nā lua a pau: pili pololei ka mea hoʻokani me kekahi o lākou, ʻo ke koena e alakaʻi ʻia e kahi mīkini paʻakikī.

kani

He ʻokoʻa ka leo o ka bassoon, no laila ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ʻia ka mea kani no nā ʻāpana solo o ka orchestra. Akā i nā ʻano haʻahaʻa, i ka wā e pono ai e hoʻoikaika i nā nuances o ka hana, he mea nui ia.

I loko o kahi papa inoa haʻahaʻa, ua like ke kani me ka ʻōhumu ʻino; inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi kiʻekiʻe iki, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kumu kaumaha, lyrical; hāʻawi ʻia nā memo kiʻekiʻe i ka mea kani me ka paʻakikī, kani ʻole lākou.

ʻO ka laulā o ka bassoon ma kahi o 3,5 octaves. Hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia papa inoa e kahi timbre ʻokoʻa: ʻo ka papa inoa haʻahaʻa he leo ʻoi, waiwai, "keleawe", ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka waena, ʻoluʻolu, a puni. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā leo o ka papa inoa o luna: loaʻa iā lākou kahi kala ihu, paʻakikī ke kani, paʻakikī ke hana.

Moolelo o ka mea paahana

ʻO ka kūpuna pololei, he mea kani woodwind kahiko, ka bombarda. No ka nui loa, paʻakikī i ke ʻano, ua paʻakikī ke hoʻohana, ua māhele ʻia i kāna mau ʻāpana.

He hopena maikaʻi nā hoʻololi ʻaʻole wale i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea kani, akā i kona kani: ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka timbre, ʻoi aku ka mālie, ʻoi aku ka lokahi. ʻO ka hoʻolālā hou i kapa mua ʻia ʻo "dulciano" (unuhi ʻia mai Italia - "ʻoluʻolu").

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona mua o nā bassoons i hoʻolako ʻia me ʻekolu valves, i ka makahiki XVIII i hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā valves i ʻelima. ʻO ke kenekulia 11 ka manawa o ka kaulana loa o ka mea kani. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike: ua ʻike ʻia nā valves XNUMX ma ke kino. Ua lilo ka bassoon i ʻāpana o nā orchestras, nā mea hoʻokani mele kaulana, nā mea haku mele i kākau i nā hana, ʻo ia ka mea e pili ana i kāna komo pololei. Ma waena o lākou ʻo A. Vivaldi, W. Mozart, J. Haydn.

ʻO nā haku nāna i hāʻawi waiwai nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka bassoon, he poʻe alakaʻi pūʻali na ka ʻoihana K. Almenderer, I. Haeckel. I ka makahiki 17, ua hoʻomohala nā mea hana i kahi kumu hoʻohālike XNUMX-valve, a ma hope i lilo i kumu o ka hana ʻoihana.

ʻO kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻo ka lāʻau maple mua i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea, ʻaʻole i loli kēia kuʻuna a hiki i kēia lā. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka bassoon i hana ʻia me ka maple ka leo maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao o nā kula mele i hana ʻia me ka plastic.

I ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka repertoire o ka mea kani: hoʻomaka lākou e kākau i nā ʻāpana solo, nā concerto no ia, a hoʻokomo iā ia i ka symphony orchestra. I kēia lā, ma kahi o nā mea hoʻokani kahiko, hoʻohana ikaika ʻia e nā jazzmen.

Nā ʻano ʻano bassoon

He 3 mau ʻano, akā hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano i koi ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani pila o kēia wā.

1. Quartfagot. ʻOkoʻa i nā nui i hoʻonui ʻia. Ua kākau ʻia nā memo nona e like me ka bassoon maʻamau, akā hoʻokani ʻo ia i kahi hapaha kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea i kākau ʻia.
2. Quint bassoon (basoon). He liʻiliʻi kona nui, kani ka hapalima o ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā memo i kākau ʻia.
3. Contrabassoon. Hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea aloha mele hou.

ʻenehana pāʻani

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka pāʻani ʻana i ka bassoon: hoʻohana ka mea hoʻokani i nā lima ʻelua, nā manamana lima āpau - ʻaʻole koi ʻia kēia e nā mea kani ʻē aʻe. Pono nō hoʻi e hana i ka hanu ʻana: ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana unahi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lele like ʻole, arpeggios, nā huaʻōlelo melodic o ka hanu waena.

Ua hoʻonui ka makahiki XNUMX i ka ʻenehana pāʻani me nā ʻenehana hou:

• double stokatto;
• triple stockatto;
• fulatto;
• tremolo;
• ka leo kolu, ka leo hapaha;
• multiphonics.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā haku mele mele, i kākau ʻia no nā bassoonists.

Mea Hana Kaulana

ʻAʻole nui ka kaulana o ka counterbassoon e like me, no ka laʻana, ka pianoforte. Eia nō naʻe kekahi poʻe bassoonists i kākau i ko lākou mau inoa ma ka moʻolelo o ka mele, a ua lilo lākou i poʻe akamai i ka hoʻokani ʻana i kēia mea kani paʻakikī. No ko kakou hoa pili kekahi o na inoa.

1. VS Popov. Polofesa, mea kākau moʻolelo noʻeau, haku o ka pāʻani virtuoso. Ua hana ʻo ia me nā poʻe hoʻokani pila a me nā hui keʻena o ka honua. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka hanauna hou o nā bassoonists i hoʻokō i ka kūleʻa maikaʻi loa. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o nā ʻatikala ʻepekema, nā alakaʻi no ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā mea kani makani.
2. K. Thunemann. He kanaka bassoonist Kelemania. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani piano, a laila ua hoihoi ʻo ia i ka bassoon. ʻO ia ke kumu bassoonist o ka Hamburg Symphony Orchestra. I kēia lā, aʻo ikaika ʻo ia, alakaʻi i nā hana ʻaha mele, hana solo, hāʻawi i nā papa kumu.
3. M. Turkovich. Mea mele ʻAuseturia. Ua hōʻea ʻo ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke akamai, ua ʻae ʻia i ka Vienna Symphony Orchestra. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia wā a me ka wā kahiko o ka mea kani. Aʻo ʻo ia, mākaʻikaʻi, hana i nā leo o nā ʻaha mele.
4. L. Sharrow. ʻAmelika, poʻokela bassoonist o Chicago, a laila ʻo ka Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestras.

ʻO ka bassoon kahi mea kani i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka lehulehu. Akā, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pono o ka nānā ʻana, akā, ma ke ʻano ʻē: pono ia i kekahi connoisseur mele e aʻo hou e pili ana iā ia.