Elisabeth Schwarzkopf |
Elizabeth Schwarzkopf
Ma waena o nā leo leo o ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX, noho ʻo Elisabeth Schwarzkopf i kahi kūikawā, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Maria Callas. A i kēia lā, he mau makahiki ma hope mai ka manawa i hōʻike hope ʻia ai ka mea mele i mua o ka lehulehu, no ka poʻe mahalo i ka opera, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kona inoa i ke ʻano o ka hīmeni ʻana.
ʻOiai ua ʻike ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻomeheu hīmeni i nā hiʻohiʻona he nui o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā mea pena kiʻi me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka leo i nā hopena noʻeau koʻikoʻi, ʻike ʻia ka laʻana o Schwarzkopf. I loko o ka paʻi paʻi, ua haʻi pinepine ʻia e like me kēia: "Inā i kēlā mau makahiki i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Elisabeth Schwarzkopf i kāna ʻoihana, ua haʻi mai kekahi iaʻu e lilo ʻo ia i mea mele maikaʻi loa, e kānalua maoli wau. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hana mana maoli. I kēia manawa, maopopo iaʻu inā loaʻa i nā mele ʻē aʻe kahi hapa o kāna hana maikaʻi loa, ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, ka nānā ʻana i ka hana noʻeau, a laila, maopopo iā mākou he mau pūʻulu opera holoʻokoʻa wale nō nā hōkū o ka nui mua.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Elisabeth Schwarzkopf ma ke kūlanakauhale Polani ʻo Jarocin, kokoke i Poznan, ma Dekemaba 9, 1915. Mai kona wā liʻiliʻi ua makemake ʻo ia i ke mele. Ma kahi kula kua'āina kahi i aʻo ai kona makuakāne, ua komo ke kaikamahine i nā hana liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia ma kahi kokoke i kekahi kūlanakauhale Polani - Legnica. ʻO ke kaikamahine a kahi kumu Helene a me Latin ma ke kula kāne, ua hīmeni ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana wahine a pau i kahi keaka i haku ʻia e nā haumāna ponoʻī.
ʻO ka makemake e lilo i mea pena i kēlā manawa, ʻoiai, ua lilo ia i pahuhopu ola. Hele ʻo Elisabeth i Berlin a komo i ke kula kiʻekiʻe o ke mele, ʻo ia ka ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao mele i mahalo nui ʻia ma Kelemania.
Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kāna papa e ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Lula Mys-Gmeiner. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia he mezzo-soprano kāna haumāna. ʻaneʻane lilo kēia kuhi hewa i lilo i leo nona. ʻAʻole i holo maikaʻi nā papa. Ua manaʻo ka mea mele ʻōpio ʻaʻole i hoʻolohe maikaʻi kona leo. Ua luhi koke ʻo ia i ka papa. ʻElua wale nō makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu nā kumu leo ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ʻo Schwarzkopf he mezzo-soprano, akā he coloratura soprano! Ua kani koke ka leo i ka hilinaʻi, ʻoi aku ka māmā, ʻoi aku ka manuahi.
Ma ka conservatory, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻo Elizabeth iā ia iho i ka papa, akā ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka piano a me ka viola, hiki iā ia ke hīmeni i ka hīmeni, hoʻokani i ka glockenspiel i ka orchestra haumāna, komo i nā ensembles keʻena, a hoʻāʻo hoʻi i kona akamai i ka haku mele.
I ka makahiki 1938, ua puka 'o Schwarzkopf mai ke kula ki'eki'e o ke kula mele 'o Berlin. ʻEono mahina ma hope mai, ua makemake koke ka Berlin City Opera i kahi mea hoʻokani ma ke ʻano liʻiliʻi o kahi kaikamahine pua ma Wagner's Parsifal. Pono e aʻo ʻia ka hana i hoʻokahi lā, akā ʻaʻole i pilikia kēia iā Schwarzkopf. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi i ka lehulehu a me ka hoʻokele hale keaka. Akā, ʻoiai, ʻaʻohe mea hou aku: ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka hui, akā i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i nā hana episodic wale nō - i hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hana ma ka hale keaka, hīmeni ʻo ia ma kahi o iwakālua mau hana liʻiliʻi. ʻO kekahi manawa wale nō i loaʻa i ka mea mele ke hele ma ke kahua ma nā hana maoli.
Akā i kekahi lā ua laki ka mea mele ʻōpio: ma ka Cavalier of the Roses, kahi āna i hīmeni ai iā Zerbinetta, ua lohe ʻia a mahalo ʻia ʻo ia e ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Maria Ivogun, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomālamalama i kēia ʻāpana i ka wā i hala. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia hālāwai ma ka moʻolelo o Schwarzkopf. He mea pena kiʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻike ʻo Ivogün i kahi talena maoli ma Schwarzkopf a hoʻomaka e hana pū me ia. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia iā ia i nā mea huna o ka ʻenehana kahua, kōkua i ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana i kona ʻike, hoʻolauna iā ia i ka honua o nā mele leo o ke keʻena, a ʻo ka mea nui, ua hoʻāla i kona aloha i ke mele mele.
Ma hope o nā papa me Ivogün Schwarzkopf, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e loaʻa hou a kaulana. ʻO ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, me he mea lā, pono ke kōkua i kēia. Ua hāʻawi aku ka luna hoʻokele o ka Vienna Opera iā ia i kahi ʻaelike, a ua hana ka mea mele i nā hoʻolālā nani.
Akā, ua ʻike koke nā kauka i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i loko o ka mea pena kiʻi, ʻaneʻane hoʻopoina iā ia i ke kahua a mau loa. Akā naʻe, ua lanakila ka maʻi.
I ka makahiki 1946, ua ho'omaka ka mea mele i kona ho'omaka mua ma Vienna Opera. Ua hiki i ka lehulehu ke mahalo maoli iā Schwarzkopf, ka mea i lilo koke i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka Vienna Opera. I ka manawa pōkole, hana ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana o Nedda ma Pagliacci na R. Leoncavallo, Gilda ma Verdi's Rigoletto, ʻo Marcellina ma Beethoven's Fidelio.
I ka manawa like, ua hauʻoli ʻo Elizabeth me kāna kāne i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ka impresario kaulana ʻo Walter Legge. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa o ka ʻoihana mele o ko mākou manawa, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā mele me ke kōkua o kahi moʻolelo gramophone, a laila hoʻomaka e hoʻololi i kahi mele lōʻihi. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana wale nō, ʻōlelo ʻo Legge, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohuli i ka elitist i loko o ka lehulehu, e hiki ai i nā mea āpau ke loaʻa nā hopena o nā unuhi ʻōlelo nui loa; a i ʻole, ʻaʻole kūpono ke kau ʻana i nā hana pipiʻi. ʻO ia kā mākou ʻaiʻē nui i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ʻano o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi nui a me nā mea mele o ko mākou manawa e mau nei me mākou. “ʻO wai lā wau ke ʻole ʻo ia? Ua ʻōlelo nui ʻo Elisabeth Schwarzkopf ma hope. - ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa, he mele mele maikaʻi o ka Vienna Opera… "
I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 40, ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā moʻolelo Schwarzkopf. Ua hele mai kekahi o lākou i ke alakaʻi ʻo Wilhelm Furtwängler. Ua hauʻoli loa ka maestro kaulana a kono koke ʻo ia iā ia e komo i ka hana o Brahms 'German Requiem ma ka Lucerne Festival.
Ua lilo ka makahiki 1947 i mea nui no ka mea mele. Hele ʻo Schwarzkopf i kahi mākaʻikaʻi honua kuleana. Hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ka Salzburg Festival, a laila - ma ke kahua o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo London "Covent Garden", ma nā opera a Mozart "The Marriage of Figaro" a me "Don Giovanni". ʻO ka poʻe hoʻohewa o "foggy Albion" i hui pū me ka mea mele i ka "ʻike" o ka Vienna Opera. No laila hele mai ʻo Schwarzkopf i ka kaulana honua.
Mai ia manawa mai, ʻo kona ola holoʻokoʻa he kaulahao lanakila ʻole. ʻO nā hana a me nā ʻahamele ma nā kūlanakauhale nui loa o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika e hahai ana kekahi i kekahi.
I ka makahiki 50, ua noho ka mea pena kiʻi ma Lākana no ka manawa lōʻihi, kahi i hana pinepine ai ʻo ia ma ke kahua o ka Covent Garden Theatre. Ma ke kapikala o ʻEnelani, ua hui ʻo Schwarzkopf me ka haku mele Lūkini koʻikoʻi a me ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo NK Medtner. Me ia, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kekahi mau romances ma ka disc, a hana pinepine i kāna mau mele i nā ʻaha mele.
Ma 1951, me Furtwängler, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Bayreuth Festival, i ka hana ʻana o Beethoven's Ninth Symphony a me ka hana "kipi" o "Rheingold d'Or" na Wieland Wagner. Ma ka manawa like, komo ʻo Schwarzkopf i ka hana o ka opera a Stravinsky "The Rake's Adventures" me ka mea kākau, aia ma hope o ka console. Hāʻawi ʻo Teatro alla Scala iā ia i ka hanohano o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻāpana o Mélisande i ka makahiki kanalima o Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande. ʻO Wilhelm Furtwängler ma ke ʻano he pianist i hoʻopaʻa i nā mele a Hugo Wolf me ia, ʻo Nikolai Medtner – kāna mau mele ponoʻī, Edwin Fischer – nā mele a Schubert, Walter Gieseking – nā mele leo a me nā arias a Mozart, ʻo Glen Gould – nā mele a Richard Strauss. I ka makahiki 1955, mai ka lima o Toscanini, ua ʻae ʻo ia i ka makana Golden Orpheus.
ʻO kēia mau makahiki ka mohala ʻana o ke kālena haku mele a ka mea mele. I ka makahiki 1953, ua hoʻomaka ka mea pena kiʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - ʻo ka mea mua me kahi papahana ʻahamele ma New York, ma hope - ma ke kahua opera o Kapalakiko. Hoʻokani ʻo Schwarzkopf ma Chicago a me Lākana, Vienna a me Salzburg, Brussels a me Milan. Ma ke kahua o "La Scala" o Milan no ka manawa mua, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa - ʻo Marshall ma "Der Rosenkavalier" na R. Strauss.
"ʻO kahi hana maʻamau o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mele hou ʻo Marshall, he wahine hanohano o ka hui Viennese i ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX," i kākau ai ʻo VV Timokhin. - ʻO kekahi mau alakaʻi o "The Knight of the Roses" i ka manawa like i manaʻo he pono e hoʻohui: "Ua nalowale ka wahine, ka mea i hala ʻaʻole i ka mua, akā ʻo ka lua o ka ʻōpio." A aloha kēia wahine a aloha ʻia e ka ʻōpio Octavian. He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hana keaka a ka wahine ʻelemakule a Marshal me ke ʻano o ka hiki! Akā ʻaʻole ʻo Schwarzkopf i hahai i kēia ala (ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka ʻōlelo ʻana, aia wale nō ma kēia ala), hāʻawi i kāna ʻike ponoʻī o ke kiʻi, kahi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai ka lehulehu e ka hoʻololi maʻalahi o nā nuances psychological a pau i ka paʻakikī. ka laulā o nā ʻike o ka heroine.
He nani ʻo ia, piha i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka nani maoli. Ua hoʻomanaʻo koke ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kāna Countess Almaviva ma The Marriage of Figaro. A ʻoiai ua ʻokoʻa ka leo koʻikoʻi o ke kiʻi o Marshall, ʻo Mozart lyricism, grace, subtle grace ka mea nui.
Maikaʻi, nani kupaianaha, kala kala, ua loaʻa i ka leo o Schwarzkopf kahi mana kupaianaha e uhi i nā mānoanoa o nā hui mele. Ua hoʻomau mau ʻia kāna hīmeni ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana a me ke kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ʻo ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano leo. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i kāna hana akamai a me kona ʻano. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike nui ʻia ai ka repertoire o ka mea pena. Ua kūleʻa like ʻo ia i nā hana like ʻole e like me Gilda, Mélisande, Nedda, Mimi, Cio-Cio-San, Eleanor (Lohengrin), Marceline (Fidelio), akā ʻo kāna mau hana kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā keaka a Mozart lāua ʻo Richard Strauss.
Aia kekahi mauʻaoʻao i hanaʻia e Schwarzkopf, e like me kā lākou e'ōlelo nei, "nona iho". Ma waho aʻe o ka Marshall, ʻo Countess Madeleine kēia ma Strauss's Capriccio, Fiordiligi ma Mozart's All They Are, Elvira ma Don Giovanni, ka Countess ma Le nozze di Figaro. "Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā mea leo leo ke mahalo maoli i kāna hana ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā mea nani o kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano ikaika a kani, kāna ʻike ʻano kupaianaha, āna i hoʻopau wale ai me ka maʻalahi ʻole," wahi a VV Timokhin.
Ma kēiaʻano,ʻo ka hihia, i haʻiʻia e ke kāne o ka mea mele Walter Legge, he mea hōʻike. Ua mahalo mau ʻo Schwarzkopf i ka hana hana a Callas. Ma hope o ka lohe ʻana iā Callas ma La Traviata i ka makahiki 1953 ma Parma, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Elisabeth e haʻalele i ka hana a Violetta a mau loa. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pāʻani a hīmeni i kēia ʻāpana. Ua mahalo nui ʻo Kallas i nā mākau hana a Schwarzkopf.
Ma hope o kekahi o nā papa hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa me ke komo ʻana o Callas, ʻike ʻo Legge e haʻi pinepine ka mea mele i kahi huaʻōlelo kaulana mai ka opera Verdi. I ka manawa like, ua loaʻa iā ia ka manaʻo e ʻimi ʻeha ana ʻo ia i ke koho kūpono a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kūpaʻa, huli ʻo Kallas iā Legge: "I ka manawa hea e hiki mai ai ʻo Schwarzkopf i kēia lā?" Ua pane ʻo ia ua ʻae lāua e hui ma kahi hale ʻaina e ʻai ai. Ma mua o ka puka ʻana mai o Schwarzkopf i loko o ke keʻena, ua holo wikiwiki ʻo Kallas, me kāna ʻano ākea, a hoʻomaka e kani i ke mele pōʻino: "E hoʻolohe ʻoe, e Elisabeth, pehea ʻoe e hana ai ma ʻaneʻi, i kēia wahi, kahi ʻōlelo mae?" Ua huikau mua ʻo Schwarzkopf: "ʻAe, ʻaʻole i kēia manawa, ma hope, e ʻai mua kāua." Ua koi ikaika ʻo Callas iā ia iho: "ʻAʻole, i kēia manawa ke hauʻoli nei kēia ʻōlelo iaʻu!" Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Schwarzkopf - ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻaina awakea, a ma ʻaneʻi, i loko o ka hale ʻaina, hoʻomaka kahi haʻawina maʻamau. I kekahi lā aʻe, i ka hola ʻumi o ke kakahiaka, kani ke kelepona i loko o ka lumi o Schwarzkopf: ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka uea, ʻo Callas: “Mahalo iā ʻoe, e Elisabeth. Ua kōkua nui ʻoe iaʻu i nehinei. Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka liʻiliʻi e pono ai. "
Ua ʻae mau ʻo Schwarzkopf e hana i nā ʻaha mele, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa e hana ai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma waho aʻe o ka opera, ua komo pū ʻo ia i nā hana operettas na Johann Strauss lāua ʻo Franz Lehar, i ka hana o nā leo a me nā hana symphonic. Akā i ka makahiki 1971, ha'alele 'o ia i ke kahua, ho'ola'a 'o ia iā ia iho i ke mele, ke aloha. Ma ʻaneʻi ua makemake ʻo ia i nā mele a Richard Strauss, akā ʻaʻole i poina i nā mele Kelemania ʻē aʻe - Mozart a me Beethoven, Schumann a me Schubert, Wagner, Brahms, Wolf ...
I ka hopena o nā makahiki 70, ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna kāne, haʻalele ʻo Schwarzkopf i ka hana ʻahamele, i hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o kēlā mau ʻaha mele ma New York, Hamburg, Paris a me Vienna. Ua nalowale ke kumu o kona hoʻoikaika ʻana, a no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ke kanaka nāna i hāʻawi i kāna makana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻōki ʻo ia i ka hīmeni ʻana. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i hoʻokaʻawale i ke kiʻi. "ʻO ke akamai paha, he mea hiki ʻole ke hana me ka hoʻomaha ʻole," makemake ʻo ia e haʻi hou i nā ʻōlelo a kāna kāne.
Hāʻawi ka mea pena kiʻi iā ia iho i ka hoʻonaʻauao leo. Ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā seminars a me nā papa, kahi e huki ai i nā mele mele mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua. “He hoʻonui ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i ka hīmeni ʻana. Ke hana nei au i kaʻu i hana ai i koʻu ola a pau; hana ma ka nani, ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kani, kūpaʻa i ke ʻano a me ka hōʻike.
Ua hala ʻo PS Elisabeth Schwarzkopf i ka pō o ʻAukake 2-3, 2006.
