English horn: he aha ia, haku mele, kani, noi

ʻO ke mele, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā mele a ke kahu hipa, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka mea kani woodwind ʻōlelo Pelekane, ke kumu o ia mea e pili pū ana me nā mea pohihihi he nui. Ma ka symphony orchestra, liʻiliʻi kona komo ʻana. Akā, ma ke kani o kēia mea kani i loaʻa ai i nā haku mele nā ​​waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi, nā leo aloha, a me nā ʻano like ʻole.

He aha ka pūni English

ʻO kēia mea kani makani he mana hoʻomaikaʻi o ka oboe. Hoʻomanaʻo ka pūni Pelekane i kona ʻohana kaulana me ka manamana lima like loa. ʻO nāʻokoʻa nui ka nui a me ke kani. ʻO ke kino lōʻihi e hiki ai i ka alto oboe ke kani i ka hapalima o lalo. He palupalu ke kani, mānoanoa me ka timbre piha.

Mea hana hoʻololi. I ka wā e pāʻani ai, ʻaʻole kūlike ka pitch o kāna mau leo ​​maoli me ka mea i kākau ʻia. No ka hapanui o ka poʻe, he mea ʻole kēia hiʻohiʻona. Akā, hiki i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me ka leo paʻa ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi i ke komo ʻana o kahi alto oboe i kahi symphony orchestra. He hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka Transposition ʻaʻole wale o ka pū Pelekane, ʻo ka alto flute, clarinet, musette ka mea like.

Device

Hana ʻia ka paipu mea hana i ka lāʻau. He ʻokoʻa ʻo ia mai kona "pilina" i loko o ka bele poʻe poʻe. Hana ʻia ke kani ʻana ma ka puhi ʻana i ka ea ma o ka metala "es" e paʻa ai ka ʻohe. Aia kekahi helu o nā puka ma ke kino a ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana valve.

E kūkulu i ka hapalima ma lalo o ka oboe. ʻAʻole nui ka leo kani - mai ka memo "mi" o kahi octave liʻiliʻi i ka memo "si-flat" o ka lua. Ma nā helu helu, ua kākau ʻia ke mele no ka alto oboe ma ka clef treble. Hōʻike ʻia ka mea kani e ka neʻe ʻenehana haʻahaʻa, i uku ʻia e ka cantileverness, ka lōʻihi, a me ka velvety o nā leo.

Moolelo o ka alto oboe

Ua hana ʻia ka pū Pelekane i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX ma ka ʻāina o Polani hou a i Kelemānia paha, ma mua ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāina ʻo Silesia. Hōʻike nā kumu i nā mana like ʻole o kona kumu. Wahi a kekahi, ua hana ʻia e ka haku Silesian ʻo Weigel a ua hana ʻia ka alto oboe ma ke ʻano o kahi arc. ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka mea hana mea hana Kelemania ʻo Eichentopf. Lawe ʻo ia i ka oboe i kumu, hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kani me ke kōkua ʻana o ka bele poepoe a hoʻolōʻihi i ke kahawai. Pīhoihoi ka haku i ke kani ʻoluʻolu a mālie a ka mea kani. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia ua kūpono kēlā mele i nā ʻānela a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Engels Horn. ʻO ka consonance me ka huaʻōlelo "English" i hāʻawi i ka inoa i ka pū, ʻaʻohe mea pili me ʻEnelani.

Hoʻohana i ke mele

ʻO ka alto oboe kekahi o nā mea kani liʻiliʻi i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻāpana solo i nā hana mele. ʻAʻole naʻe i loaʻa koke ia mana. I nā makahiki mua, hoʻokani ʻia mai nā helu no nā mea kani makani ʻē aʻe e like me ia. ʻO Gluck lāua ʻo Haydn nā mea hou i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka cor anglais, a ukali ʻia e nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu. I ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua kaulana loa ʻo ia me nā mea haku mele opera Italia.

Ma nā mele symphonic, hoʻohana ʻia ka alto oboe ʻaʻole wale e hana i nā hopena kūikawā, nā ʻāpana lyrical, pastoral a melancholic digressions, akā ma ke ʻano he lālā kūʻokoʻa o ka orchestra. Ua kākau ʻia nā pū kani e Rachmaninov, Janacek, Rodrigo.

ʻOiai ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā palapala hoʻokahi wale nō no kēia mea kani, a he mea kakaikahi loa ka lohe ʻana i kahi hana ʻahamele hoʻokahi ma ka alto oboe, ua lilo ia i mea waiwai maoli o nā mele symphonic, he ʻelele kūpono no ka ʻohana o nā mea kani woodwind. , hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā leo ʻōlinolino i manaʻo ʻia e ka mea haku mele.