Triad |

lat. trias, germ. Dreiklang, Pelekania. triad, ʻōlelo ʻekolu ʻōlelo Farani

1) He mele o ʻekolu leo, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke kolu. He 4 mau ʻano T.: ʻelua consonant - nui (nui, "paʻakikī", trias harmonica maior, trias harmonica naturalis, perfecta) a me ka liʻiliʻi (liʻiliʻi, "māmā", trias harmonica minor, trias harmonica mollis, imperfecta) a ʻelua dissonant - hoʻonui (ʻo ia hoʻi "excessive", trias superflue, abundans) a hoʻemi ʻia (trias deficiens - "ʻaʻole lawa"). Kū mai ka consonant T. ma muli o ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka consonance kūpono o ka hapalima e like me ka ratio o nā ʻāpana - helu (4:5:6, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kolu nui + kolu liʻiliʻi) a me ka harmonic (10:12:15, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻekolu + liʻiliʻi + nui kolu). ʻO kekahi o lākou - nui - pili pū me ke aʻo ʻana i nā leo ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka unahi maoli (nā kani 1:2:3:4:5:6). ʻO nā leo consonant ke kumu o ka chord i ka ʻōnaehana tonal major-minor i lanakila ma nā kenekulia 17 a me 19. ("ʻO ka harmonic triad ke kumu o nā consonance a pau ...", kākau ʻo IG Walter). ʻO ka nui a me ka T. liʻiliʻi ke kikowaena. nā mea o ka Mokuna 2. frets european. mele me nā inoa like. Ma kahi nui, ua paʻa nā leo consonant i ko lākou koʻikoʻi i ke mele o ke kenekulia 20. Kū kaʻawale 2 "inharmonious." T. - hoʻonui (mai ʻelua hapakolu nui) a hoʻemi ʻia (mai ʻelua mau mea liʻiliʻi). ʻAʻole e hoʻohui i ka consonance o ka hapalima maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe o lāua ʻelua i ke kūpaʻa (ʻoi aku ka hoʻemi ʻana, aia ka dissonance o ka hapalima i emi iho). Muses. manaʻo e like me ka hana o contrapuntal. ʻO nā leka i manaʻo mua ʻia he polyphony, me T., ma ke ʻano he paʻakikī o nā manawa (e laʻa, T. ma ke ʻano he hui ʻana o ka hapalima a me ʻelua hapakolu). Ua hāʻawiʻo G. Tsarlino i ka manaʻo mua o T. (1558), e kapa ana iā lākou he "harmonies" a me ka weheweheʻana i ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi T. me ke kōkuaʻana o ke kumumanaʻo o ka helu helu (i ka lōʻihi o nā kaula, T. nui - harmonic proportion 15: 12:10, liʻiliʻi - helu 6:5:4). Ma hope mai, ua koho ʻia ʻo T. ma ke ʻano he "triad" (trias; e like me A. Kircher, ʻo T.-triad kekahi o nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka "mea" mele me ke kani-monad a me ʻelua-tone-diad). Ua manaʻo ʻo I. Lippius (1612) lāua ʻo A. Werkmeister (1686-87) he "harmonic." T. hōʻailona St. Trinity. Aʻo ʻo NP Diletsky (1679) i nā "concordances" (consonances) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laʻana o T. me ka pālua o ka prima, ma ka hoʻonohonoho pololei (ākea a kokoke paha); wehewehe ʻo ia i ʻelua mau ʻano e like me T.: ut-mi-sol - "mele hauʻoli", re-fa-la - "mele kaumaha". Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo JF Rameau i nā mele "pololei" mai nā hui pū ʻana me nā leo ʻole-chord a ua wehewehe ʻo T. ʻo ia ka mea nui. ʻano mele. Ua wehewehe ʻo M. Hauptmann, A. Oettingen, H. Riemann, a me Z. Karg-Elert i ka liʻiliʻi o T. ma ke ʻano he aniani hoʻohuli (inversion) o ka mea nui (ka manaʻo o ka dualism o ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi); Ua ho'āʻoʻo Riemann e hōʻoia i ka dualism o T. ma ke kumumanaʻo o untertons. Ma ke kumumanaʻo hana a Riemann, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka consonant temporality ma ke ʻano he monolithic complex, ke kumu no nā ʻano hoʻololi āpau.

2) Ke koho ʻana i ka mea nui. ʻano ʻano mele mele ʻekolu me ka prima i ka bass, ʻokoʻa me kona hoʻohuli ʻana.

E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Diletsky Nikolay, ka manaʻo o ka grammar o Musikiy, M., 1979; Zarlino G., Le istitutioni harmonice, Venetia, 1558 (facsimile in Monuments of music and music literature in facsimile, 2 series, NY, 1965); Lippius J., Synopsis musicae novae omnino verae atque methodicae universae, Argentorati, 1612; Werckmeister A., ​​​​Musicae mathematicae hodegus curiosus, Frankfurt-Lpz., 1686, paʻi hou ʻia. Nachdruck Hildesheim, 1972; Rameau J. Rh., Traité de l'harmonie…, P., 1722; Hauptmann M., Die Natur der Harmonik und der Metrik, Lpz., 1853, 1873; Oettingen A. von, Harmoniesystem in dualler Entwicklung, Dorpat, 1865, Lpz., 1913 (ma lalo o ka inoa: Das duale Harmoniesystem); Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre, oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L.-NY, 1893 his, Geschichte der Musiktheorie in IX. — XIX. Jahrhundert, Lpz., 1901; Hildesheim, 1898; Karg-Elert S., Polaristische Klang- und Tonalitätslehre, Lpz., 1961; Walther JG, Praecepta der musicalischen Composition (1931), Lpz., 1708.

ʻO Yu. H. Kholopov