Nā mea kani hoʻololi |
German transponierende Instrumente transposing instruments
ʻO nā mea kani, ʻo ka pitch maoli ʻaʻole i kūlike me ka notation, ʻokoʻa mai ia i kekahi manawa (i luna a i lalo - e pili ana i ka tessitura kūlohelohe a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea kani).
ia T. a. no ka ʻuhane keleawe. nā mea kani (nā pū, nā pū, nā koronete, nā ʻano tuba, nā saxhorn), pl. woodwinds (nā ʻohana clarinet, saxophones, nā ʻano oboe – English horn, oboe d'amour, huxlphone); Pehea ʻoe. hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kakaka kaula, kūkulu hou ʻia i kekahi. waena - ma luna a ma lalo paha o ko lākou kūlana maʻamau (e nānā iā Scordatura). ia T. a. Hoʻokomo pū kekahi i nā mea kani i ka octave haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka notation (double bass, contrabassoon) a i ʻole he octave kiʻekiʻe (piccolo flute, celesta, xylophone, bele), akā ʻo ka mea maoli ʻaʻole kēia he transposition, no ka mea, ua paʻa nā inoa o nā ʻanuʻu o ka unahi. . kūlohelohe he pūʻulu kani e pili ana i ka mea hana o ka mea kani (no nā mea kani keleawe – he unahi kūlohelohe o overtones), no T. a. i kakauia ma ke ki o C-dur. Ma muli o ke kani ʻana (tuning) o nā mea kani, kani maoli nā leo i hōʻike ʻia ma C-dur i kahi manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia i ʻoi aʻe a haʻahaʻa paha, no ka laʻana. c2 no ka clarinet ma B e kani like ia me b1 (no ka clarinet ma A – like a1), no ka olelo Pelekania. horn a i ʻole horn ma F – like f1, y alto saxophone ma Es – like es1, y tenor ma B – like b, y trumpet ma Es a sopranino saxophone – like es2, etc.
L. Beethoven. 8th symphony, 1st neʻe.
ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o T. and., A i ʻole, ʻo ka notation transposing iā lākou, pili i ke kenekulia 18, i ka manawa o ka ʻuhane. Hiki i nā mea kani ke unuhi i nā leo o ko lākou unahi ma'alahi a i 'ole ka unahi maoli. No ka mea ʻo C-dur ke kī maʻalahi ma ka ʻōlelo notation, ua ala ka hana e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻāpana o C-dur e pili ana i ke kani maoli ʻana o ka mea kani.
Me ka hana ʻana o nā kiwi a me nā ʻīpuka, e pāʻani ana i nā kī i ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole i hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai nā kī nui. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i mea kani, ua maʻalahi loa ia, akā hoʻohana mau ʻia ka hana o ka transposing notation (no ka paʻakikī o ka heluhelu ʻana i nā helu). ʻO kekahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia, mahalo i ka notation transposing, hiki i ka mea hoʻokani like ke hoʻololi maʻalahi mai kahi ʻano mea kani o ka ʻohana hoʻokahi a i kekahi me ke kani ʻokoʻa ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka manamana lima, no ka laʻana. mai ka clarinet ma A i ka bass clarinet ma B (mālama ʻia ka manamana lima): hana pinepine ʻia kēlā mau mea kani ke hana i hoʻokahi ʻāpana. (hōʻike ʻia: Cl. ma B muta ma A; Cl. ma B muta Cl. picc. ma Es). ʻO Dep. ka hoohuli ana i ka uhane. ʻIke mau ʻia nā mea kani e like me ko lākou kani (e laʻa me nā trombones ma B, tuba ma B). ʻO kekahi poʻe haku mele i ke kenekulia 20. ua hoao e hoomaopopo i na aoao o T. a. e like me ko lakou leo; i waena o lākou - A. Schoenberg (serenade op. 24, 1924), A. Berg, A. Webern, A. Honegger, SS Prokofiev.
I nā kenekulia 17-18. ia T. a. Ua hoʻoili ʻia kekahi mau ʻōnaehana organ, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka orchestral a, no laila, ua ʻike ʻia kā lākou ʻāpana i nā kī ʻē aʻe.
Литература: Herz N., Theory of transposing musical instruments, Lpz., 1911; Erpf H., puke haʻawina o ka mea kani a me ka ʻike mea kani, Mainz, (1959).
