Mea haʻi moʻolelo |

Nā moʻolelo - nā mea hana o nā epics, epic ballads a me nā mōʻaukala kahiko. mele. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "S." ua nar. kumu, hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka huaʻōlelo "e ʻōlelo"; hōʻike ia i kahi ʻano hana kūikawā o ka huahana. helu ʻia nā ʻano moʻolelo. Ma ka'ākau o Rusia, ua kapaʻia nā mea hoʻokani o ka epic "nā moʻolelo", "ka poʻe kahiko". He poʻe mahiʻai maʻamau ʻo S. (nā kāne a me nā wahine). Ma ka moʻolelo kuʻuna, ka huaʻōlelo “S.” komo i Ser. ʻO ke kenekulia 19 e mahalo i ka hana a PN Rybnikov a me AF Gilferding. S. i ka wā nui o Rusia. epic (10-16 mau kenekulia) aia nā poʻe ʻoihana ʻole a me nā ʻoihana - nā mele ma nā hui, ma nā hale aliʻi, nā buffoons, etc. Mai nā makahiki 60. I ke kenekulia 19, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka epic, ʻaʻole i hui hou nā ʻoihana S.

S. hoʻohana hoʻokahi, ka nui 2-3 kuʻuna. nā mele recitative a hoʻohana iā lākou me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻike o ka kikokikona o ka hana. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o S. ma ke koho ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano mele. expressiveness of the verbal text, in varying the melody, episodes, in establishing the sequence of episodes, and, hope, in the S. repertoire itself. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kumu pilikino i ka hana a S., ʻike ʻia nā poʻe folklorist (ma muli o ka Soviet folklorist AM Astakhova): nā mea hoʻouna e hoʻoikaika nei no ka hoʻopuka hou ʻana i nā mea a lākou i assimilated (IT Ryabinin, B. Surikov, ka lua o ka hapa o ke kenekulia 2); S., nāna i hoʻokumu i kā lākou mau paʻi a me nā mana (TG Ryabinin - waena o ke kenekulia 19, NS Bogdanova, AM Pashkova - hope o 19th - mua o nā kenekulia 19); S. improvisers, ka mea i kēlā me kēia manawa e hōʻike i ka hoʻolālā ma ke ala hou (VP Shchegolyonok - hope o 20th century, MS Kryukova - 19th century). Ma lalo o ka mana o ka S. akamai loa, ua kū mai nā kula kūloko (Onega, White Sea, Pechora, Mezen, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a ma hope o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kuʻuna kūloko. Ma waena o nā S. Rus koʻikoʻi. ʻĀkau - TG Ryabinin, AM Kryukova, GL Kryukov, MD Krivopolenova, AP Sorokin, HS Bogdanova, GA Yakushov, FA Konashkov. E hoʻolaha i ka hana a S. mai nā makahiki 20. Ua hoʻonohonoho ke kenekulia 80 i kā lākou hana lehulehu ma nā kūlanakauhale nui loa o Rusia a me Zap. ʻEulopa.

ʻO nā mea hōʻiliʻili mua a me nā mea noiʻi o Nar. ʻO ka epic wale nō i loaʻa i ka pae hope loa o kona ola ʻana (i waena o ke kenekulia 19) - ma ka ʻākau. ma waho o Rusia, a ma Siberia kekahi. I kēia manawa, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia, ma ka ʻāina Cossack, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā epics i mau mele epic, i hoʻokani ʻia e ka papa mele i nā mele mele.

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo S. i kekahi manawa. nā mea hana o ka epic o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe o ka USSR - Kazakh, Zhirshi, Turkmen. Bakhshi, Yakuts, Olonkhosutov, etc.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Rybnikov PN, Note of the collector, in collection: Nā mele i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e PN Rybnikov, ʻāpana 3 - Folk epics, antiquities, kipa a me nā mele, Petrozavodsk, 1864, vol. 1, M., 1909; ʻO Hilferding A., ka ʻāina ʻo Olonets a me kāna folk rhapsody, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: Onega epics, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e AF Hilferding i ke kauwela o 1871, St. Petersburg, 1873; Lyatsky E., Narrator IT Ryabinin a me kāna mau epics, "Ethnographic Review", 1894, puke. 23, No 4, p. 105-35; Miller Lā. F., Essays on Russian folk literature, vol. 1, M., 1897; ʻO Arkhangelsk epics a me nā mele mōʻaukala i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e AD Grigoriev ma 1899-1901, vol. 1, M., 1904, p. 333-91 (me ka pepa mele); Onchukov N., Pechora epics, St. Petersburg, 1904, p. I-XXXIII; Speransky M., palapala haʻi waha Lūkini, vol. 2 – Epics. Nā Mele mōʻaukala, ed. a me ka palapala. M. Speransky, M., 1919, p. VII-XX; Sokolov B., Naratore, M., 1924; Sokolov Yu. M., moolelo Lūkini, M., 1938, p. 232-46; Astakhova A., Epic creativity of the northern peasants, in collection: Epics of the North, vol. 1, M.-L., 1938, p. 7-105; ʻo kāna epic epic Russian ponoʻī ma ka ʻĀkau, Petrozavodsk, 1948; Ukhov PD, Byliny, i ka hōʻiliʻili: Russian folk poetic creativity, M., 1956, p. 350-56.

I. ʻAe. Lesenchuk