Harmony i ke mele: nui a me ka liʻiliʻi

Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kā mākou puke hou aʻe i kahi hanana e like me ke keiki. E ho'āʻo mākou e pane i kēia mau nīnau: he aha ke ʻano o ke mele, pehea e wehewehe ʻia ai kēia manaʻo, a he aha nā ʻano o nā ʻano mele.

No laila he aha ka fret? E hoʻomanaʻo i ke ʻano o kēia huaʻōlelo ma waho o ke mele? I ke ola, ʻōlelo lākou i kekahi manawa e pili ana i ka poʻe e launa pū kekahi me kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau hoaaloha lākou, hoʻomaopopo kekahi i kekahi a hāʻawi i ke kōkua like. Ma ke mele, pono e launa pū nā leo me kekahi i kekahi, e kuʻikahi, i ʻole, ʻaʻole ia he mele, akā hoʻokahi cacophony mau. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka lokahi o ke mele he mau leo ​​aloha kekahi i kekahi.

Nā kumu haʻalulu

Nui nā leo o ka mele a ʻokoʻa. Aia nā leo paʻa - kākoʻo, a aia nā leo paʻa - neʻe. No ka hana ʻana i nā mele, pono nā mea ʻelua, a pono lākou e hoʻololi i kekahi i kekahi a kōkua kekahi i kekahi.

Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i ke mele me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pā pōhaku. E like me ka pa i hana ʻia me nā pōhaku lepo a me ka sima ma waena o lākou, no laila, hānau ʻia kahi mele inā loaʻa nā leo paʻa a paʻa ʻole.

ʻO nā leo paʻa e lawe mai i ka maluhia i ke mele, hoʻolohi lākou i ka neʻe ikaika, hoʻopau pinepine lākou i kahi ʻāpana mele. Pono nā kani paʻa ʻole no ka hoʻomohala ʻana; alakaʻi mau lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke mele mai nā leo paʻa a alakaʻi hou iā lākou. ʻO nā leo paʻa ʻole a pau e lilo i mau leo ​​paʻa, a ʻo nā leo paʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me nā mea magnet e huki i nā mea paʻa ʻole.

No ke aha e hana mau ai nā leo paʻa a paʻa ʻole i ka lokahi? I mea e loaʻa ai kekahi ʻano mele - ʻakaʻaka a kaumaha paha. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i nā leo o ka fret ke hoʻopili i ke ʻano o ke mele, me he mea lā e ʻoki ʻia nā mele i loko o nā aka manaʻo like ʻole.

Nā ʻano o ka ʻeha: nui a me ka liʻiliʻi

No laila, ʻo ke ʻano he pūʻulu leo ​​holoʻokoʻa e hana pau ʻole e hana i nā mele o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Nui nā ʻano o ka mele, akā aia ʻelua mau mea nui. Kapa ʻia lākou he nui a me ka liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka pālākiō nui, a i ʻole ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka leo o ka māmā a me ka leʻaleʻa. He kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā mele hauʻoli, hauʻoli a hauʻoli. ʻO ka pālākiō liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka haku o ke mele kaumaha a noʻonoʻo.

ʻO ke ʻano nui he lā ʻālohilohi a me ka lani polū, a ʻo ke ʻano liʻiliʻi he lā ʻulaʻula a me nā piko o ka ululāʻau spruce e pouli ana ma lalo. ʻO ka pālākiō nui ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka lau, kahi e ʻai ai ke kao hina me ka hauʻoli nui. ʻO ke ʻano liʻiliʻi ka nānā ʻana mai ka puka makani i ke ahiahi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau o ka hāʻule a me ka kulu ʻana o nā kristal ua. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nani, a me nā mea nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi - ʻelua mau mea pena kiʻi i mākaukau e pena i kekahi kiʻi me ko lākou mau kani.

Manaʻo kōkua Inā ʻoe e hana pū me nā keiki, a laila pono e hana me nā kiʻi. E hōʻike i ke keiki i ke ʻano o nā kiʻi, e noʻonoʻo ʻo ia pehea e kani ai lākou - nui a liʻiliʻi paha? Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoiho i ka hōʻiliʻili i hoʻopau ʻia mai iā mākou. Ma keʻano he hana hoʻolālā, hiki ke hāʻawiʻia ke keiki e hana i kāna hale kiʻi pono'ī o nā kiʻi nui a me nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻāla ai i kona manaʻo noʻonoʻo.

HE KOHO O NA KI'I "MAJOR AND MINOR" - DOWNLOAD

ʻO ia mau mele kaulana e like me "Ua hānau ʻia kahi kumulāʻau Kalikimaka i ka ululāʻau", ke mele hanohano o ka Russian Federation, a me ka lā "Smile" i haku ʻia ma kahi pālākiō nui. Ua haku ʻia nā mele "A grasshopper sat in the grass" a me "A birch stood in the field" i haku ʻia ma kahi pālākiō liʻiliʻi.

NUI. E hoʻolohe i ʻelua ʻāpana mele. ʻO kēia nā hula ʻelua mai ka "Album keiki" na Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi hula ʻo "waltz", ʻo kekahi - "mazurka". ʻO wai kou manaʻo aia ma ka nui a ʻo wai ka mea ma ka liʻiliʻi?

Māhele No. 1 "Waltz"

Māhele No. 2 "Mazurka"

Nā pane pololei: ʻO "Waltz" ke mele nui, a ʻo "Mazurka" he mea liʻiliʻi.

Ki a me ka gamma

Hiki ke kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano ʻano nui a me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi mai kekahi leo mele - mai do, mai re, mai mi, a pēlā aku. A ʻo ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka fret, e hoʻopili ana iā ia i kekahi ʻano tonic, i hōʻike ʻia e ka huaʻōlelo "tonality".

Pono e kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia tonality. He inoa mua a he inoa hope ke kanaka, a he kī ka inoa o ka tonic a me ke ʻano, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻokahi inoa. No ka laʻana, C major (ʻo ka memo DO ka tonic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kani nui, ke kāpena o ka hui, kūkulu ʻia kahi fret mai ia mea, a ʻo ka fret ka mea nui). A i ʻole kekahi laʻana: ʻO D minor kahi unahi liʻiliʻi mai ka memo PE. Nā laʻana ʻē aʻe: E nui, F nui, G minor, A minor, etc.

KA HANA. E ho'āʻo e hana i kekahi inoa no ke kī iā ʻoe iho. E lawe i ka tonic a me nā ʻeha, e hui pū. He aha kāu i loaʻa ai?

Inā hoʻonohonoho ʻoe i nā leo āpau o ke kī, e hoʻomaka me ka tonic, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi unahi. Hoʻomaka ka unahi me ka tonic a pau me ia. Ma ke ala, ua like ka inoa o nā unahi me nā kī. No ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ka unahi E minor me ka memo MI a hoʻopau me ka memo MI, hoʻomaka ka unahi G nui me ka memo S a pau me ka memo like. Maopopo anei iā ʻoe? Eia kekahi laʻana mele:

Akā, no hea mai nā ʻoi a me nā palahalaha i kēia mau unahi? E kamaʻilio hou kāua no kēia. ʻIke ʻia ʻo nā unahi nui a me nā unahi liʻiliʻi i kā lākou hana kūikawā.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā nui

No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pālākiō nui, pono ʻoe e lawe i ʻewalu mau kani a laina i luna. Akā ʻaʻole kūpono nā leo a pau iā mākou. Pehea e koho ai i nā mea kūpono? ʻIke ʻoe ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu he hapalua leo a i ʻole ka leo holoʻokoʻa. No laila, no ka pālākiō nui, pono ka mamao ma waena o kona mau kani e like me ke ʻano: tone-tone, semitone, tone-tone-tone, semitone.

No ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ka pālākiō C me ka memo DO a hoʻopau me ka memo DO. Ma waena o ka leo DO a me RE, aia kahi mamao o hoʻokahi leo holoʻokoʻa, ma waena o RE a me MI he leo kekahi, a ma waena o MI a me FA he hapalua wale nō. Eia hou: ma waena o FA a me SOL, SOL a me LA, LA a me SI no ka leo holoʻokoʻa, ma waena o SI a me DO luna - he semitone wale nō.

E hana kākou i nā leo a me nā semitones

Inā poina ʻoe i ke ʻano o nā leo a me nā semitones, a laila e hana hou kāua. ʻO ka semitone ka manawa pōkole loa mai kekahi memo a i kekahi. Hōʻike ka piano piano iā mākou i nā semitones ma waena o nā kani me ka maopopo loa. Inā ʻoe e pāʻani i nā kī āpau i ka lālani, me ka ʻole o ka lele ʻana i ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha, a laila ke neʻe nei mai kahi kī a i kekahi, e hele wale mākou ma kahi mamao o hoʻokahi semitone.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hiki ke hoʻokani ʻia kahi semitone ma ke piʻi ʻana mai kahi kī keʻokeʻo i kahi ʻeleʻele kokoke loa, a i ʻole e iho i lalo mai kahi ʻeleʻele a i kahi keʻokeʻo, e pili pono ana iā ia. Eia kekahi, i hana ʻia ma waena o nā leo "keʻokeʻo" wale nō: ʻo MI-FA a me SI-DO kēia.

He hapalua ka semitone, a inā hui hou ʻoe i nā ʻāpana ʻelua, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mea holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa iā ʻoe hoʻokahi leo holoʻokoʻa. Ma kahi papa piano, hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi nā leo holoʻokoʻa ma waena o ʻelua mau kī keʻokeʻo e pili ana inā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e kahi kī ʻeleʻele. ʻO ia, he leo DO-RE, a he leo hoʻi ʻo RE-MI, akā ʻaʻole ʻo MI-FA he leo, he semitone: ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau kī keʻokeʻo.

No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi leo holoʻokoʻa mai ka memo MI i kahi pālua, pono ʻoe e lawe ʻaʻole i kahi FA maʻalahi, akā FA-SHARP, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻohui i kahi hapalua leo. A i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i ka FA, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka MI, e lawe i ka MI-FLAT.

No nā kīʻeleʻele, ma ka piano ua hoʻonohonohoʻia i nā hui -ʻelua aʻekolu paha. No laila, i loko o ka hui, ua wehe ʻia nā kī ʻeleʻele ʻelua mai kekahi i kekahi e ka leo hoʻokahi. No ka laʻana, ʻo C-SHARP a me D-SHARP, a me G-FLAT a me A-FLAT, nā hui pū ʻana o nā memo e hāʻawi iā mākou i nā leo holoʻokoʻa.

Akā ma nā āpau nui ma waena o nā pūʻulu o nā "pōkole" ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi i kau ʻia ai nā kī keʻokeʻo ʻelua ma waena o ʻelua mau kī ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka mamao e hoʻokahi a me ka hapa leo (ʻekolu semitones). No ka laʻana: mai MI-flat a F-sharp a i ʻole SI-flat a C-sharp.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā kikoʻī hou aʻe e pili ana i nā leo a me nā semitones ma ka ʻatikala Accidentals.

Ke kūkulu ʻana i nā unahi nui

No laila, ma ka pālākiō nui, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā leo ma ke ʻano he ʻelua mau leo ​​mua ma waena o lākou, a laila semitones, a laila ʻekolu mau leo ​​a he semitone hou. E like me ka laʻana, e kūkulu kākou i ka pālākiō nui D. ʻO ka mea mua, hana mākou i kahi "blank" - kākau mākou i nā memo ma ka lālani mai ka PE kani haʻahaʻa i ka PE luna. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma D major, ʻo ka PE kani ka tonic, pono e hoʻomaka ka pālākiō a pono e hoʻopau me ia.

A i kēia manawa pono ʻoe e "ʻike i ka pilina" ma waena o nā kani a hoʻokomo iā lākou i ka laina me ke ʻano kumu nui.

• Aia kahi leo holoʻokoʻa ma waena o RE a me MI, maikaʻi nā mea āpau ma ʻaneʻi, e neʻe kāua.
• Ma waena o MI a me FA he semitone, akā ma kēia wahi, e like me ke ʻano, pono e loaʻa kahi leo. Hoʻopololei mākou iā ia - ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kani o ka FA, hoʻohui mākou i kekahi hapalua leo i kahi mamao. Loaʻa iā mākou: MI a me F-SHARP - hoʻokahi leo holoʻokoʻa. ʻĀnō e kauoha!
• Hāʻawi ʻo F-SHARP a me SALT iā mākou i kahi semitone e pono ai ma kahi ʻekolu. ʻIke ʻia ʻaʻole makehewa kā mākou hāpai ʻana i ka memo FA, pono mau kēia koi iā mākou. Neʻe aku.
• ʻO SOL-LA, LA-SI nā leo holoʻokoʻa, e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano, waiho mākou iā lākou me ka loli ʻole.
• ʻO nā leo ʻelua e hiki mai ana SI a me DO he semitone. Ua ʻike mua ʻoe pehea e hoʻopololei ai: pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka mamao - e kau i kahi koi i mua o DO. Inā pono e hoʻemi i ka mamao, e hoʻopololei mākou. Maopopo iā ʻoe ke kumu?
• ʻO nā kani hope loa - C-SHARP a me RE - he semitone: he aha kāu e pono ai!

He aha kā mākou i hoʻopau ai? Ua ʻike ʻia aia ʻelua ʻoi ma ka pālākiō D nui: F-SHARP a me C-SHARP. Maopopo iā ʻoe i kēia manawa no hea mai lākou?

Pēlā nō, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu i nā unahi nui mai nā kani. A ma laila hoʻi e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻoi a i ʻole nā ​​​​palapala. Eia kekahi laʻana, ma ka F nui he hoʻokahi palahalaha (SI-FLAT), a ma ka nui C he ʻelima mau koi (DO, RE, FA, SOL a me A-SHARP).

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu i nā unahi ʻaʻole wale mai nā "kī keʻokeʻo", akā mai nā kani hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻokiʻekiʻe paha. Mai poina e noʻonoʻo i nā hōʻailona āu i ʻike ai. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka unahi nui E-flat he unahi ia me ʻekolu mau palahalaha (MI-flat iho, A-flat a me B-flat), a ʻo ka unahi nui F-sharp he unahi me ʻeono ʻoi (nā ʻoi a pau koe wale nō C-koi. ).

ʻO ke ʻano o ka unahi liʻiliʻi

Maʻaneʻi ua aneane like ke kumumanaʻo me nā unahi nui, ʻokoʻa wale ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka unahi liʻiliʻi: leo, semitone, leo-leo, semitone, leo-leo. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia kaʻina o nā leo a me nā semitones, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi unahi liʻiliʻi.

E huli kākou i nā laʻana. E kūkulu kākou i kahi pālākiō liʻiliʻi mai ka memo SALT. ʻO ka mua, e kākau wale i nā memo a pau mai G a G (mai ka tonic haʻahaʻa a hiki i kāna hana hou ʻana ma luna).

A laila, nānā mākou i ka mamao ma waena o nā kani:

• Ma waena o SALT a me LA - kahi leo holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea e like me ke ʻano.
• Eia hou: ʻO LA a me SI kekahi leo, akā pono kahi semitone ma kēia wahi. He aha ka hana? Pono e ho'ēmi i ka mamao, no kēia mea mākou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kani SI me ke kōkua o kahi pālahalaha. Eia iā mākou ka hōʻailona mua - B-flat.
• Eia hou, e like me ke ʻano, pono mākou i ʻelua mau leo ​​holoʻokoʻa. Ma waena o nā leo B-flat a me DO, a me DO a me RE, aia ka mamao e like me ka mea e pono ai.
• Aʻe: RE a me MI. Aia kahi leo holoʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau memo, akā pono kahi semitone wale nō. Eia hou, ua ʻike mua ʻoe i ka mālama ʻana: hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākou i ka memo MI, a loaʻa iā mākou kahi semitone ma waena o RE a me MI-FLAT. Eia ka lua o ka hōʻailona iā ʻoe!
• Nānā mākou i ka hope: pono mākou i ʻelua mau leo ​​holoʻokoʻa. ʻO MI FLAT me FA he leo, a ʻo FA me SA kekahi leo. Ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau!

He aha kāu i loaʻa ai i ka hopena? ʻElua mau papa ma ka pālākiō G minor: SI-FLAT a me MI-FLAT.

No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu iā ʻoe iho a "ʻohi" i kekahi mau unahi liʻiliʻi: no ka laʻana, F sharp minor a me A minor.

Pehea ʻē aʻe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi pālākiō liʻiliʻi?

ʻO nā unahi nui a me ka liʻiliʻi, i kūkulu ʻia mai ka tonic hoʻokahi, ʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi me nā leo ʻekolu wale nō. E ʻike kākou i kēia mau ʻokoʻa. E hoʻohālikelike kākou i ka unahi C nui (ʻaʻohe hōʻailona) a me C minor (ʻekolu papa).

He degere kēlā me kēia kani o ka unahi. No laila, ma ka pālākiō liʻiliʻi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pālākiō nui, ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu haʻahaʻa - ʻo ke kolu, ke ono a me ka ʻehiku (i kaha ʻia me nā helu Roma - III, VI, VII). No laila, inā ʻike mākou i ka unahi nui, a laila hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ka unahi liʻiliʻi ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ʻekolu leo ​​wale nō.

No ka hoʻoikaika kino, e hana kākou me ke kī o G major. Ma ka pālākiō nui G, hoʻokahi koi ʻo F-SHARP, ʻo ia ka degere ʻehiku o ka unahi.

• Hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākou i ke kolu o ka ʻanuʻu - ka memo SI, loaʻa iā mākou SI-FLAT.
• Hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākou i ka pae ʻeono - ka memo MI, loaʻa iā mākou MI-FLAT.
• Hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākou i ka ʻanuʻu ʻehiku - ka memo F-SHARP. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia kēia kani, a i mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai, pono ʻoe e kāpae i ka piʻi ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, wehe i ka ʻoi.

No laila, ma G minor, ʻelua wale nō hōʻailona - SI-FLAT a me MI-FLAT, a nalo wale ʻo F-SHARP mai ia mea me ka ʻole o ka ʻike. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻohe mea paʻakikī.

Nā leo paʻa a paʻa ʻole i ka nui

ʻEhiku mau ʻanuʻu ma ka unahi nui a me ka unahi ʻuʻuku, ʻekolu o ia mau mea paʻa, a ʻehā paʻa ʻole. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu paʻa ka mua, ke kolu a me ka ʻelima (I, III, V). Paʻa ʻole - ʻo kēia ke koena a pau - ka lua, ʻehā, ʻeono, ʻehiku (II, IV, VI, VII).

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu kūpaʻa, inā e hui pū ʻia, e hana i kahi triad tonic, ʻo ia hoʻi, he triad i kūkulu ʻia mai ka tonic, mai ka pae mua. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo triad, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi pu o ʻekolu leo. Hoʻopau ʻia ka triad tonic e like me T53 (ma ka nui) a i ʻole me kahi leka liʻiliʻi t53 (ma ka liʻiliʻi).

Ma ka pālākiō nui, he nui ka triad tonic, a ma ka pālākiō li'ili'i, he mea li'ili'i. No laila, hāʻawi ka triad o nā ʻanuʻu kūpaʻa iā mākou i ke kiʻi piha o ke tonality - kona tonic a me ke ʻano. ʻO nā leo o ka tonic triad kahi ʻano alakaʻi no nā mea hoʻokani pila, e like me ke kani ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana.

E like me ka laʻana, e nānā kākou i nā leo paʻa a paʻa ʻole ma D nui a me C minor.

ʻO D major kahi tonality māmā me ʻelua koi (FA-SHARP a me C-SHARP). ʻO nā leo paʻa i loko o ia mea ʻo RE, F-SHARP a me LA (ka memo mua, kolu a me ka lima mai ka pālākiō), hāʻawi pū lākou iā mākou i kahi triad tonic. ʻO nā mea paʻa ʻole ʻo MI, SALT, SI a me C-SHARP. E nānā i ka laʻana: ua uhi ʻia nā ʻanuʻu paʻa ʻole no ka akaka maikaʻi.

He unahi ʻo C minor me ʻekolu mau papa (B-Flat, E-Flat a me A-Flat), he mea liʻiliʻi a no laila ke kani nei me kahi ʻano ʻano kaumaha. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu paʻa ma ʻaneʻi ʻo DO (mua), MI-FLAT (kolu) a me G (lima). Hāʻawi lākou iā mākou i kahi triad tonic liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu paʻa ʻole ʻo RE, FA, A-FLAT, a me B-FLAT.

No laila, ma kēia pukana, ua kamaʻāina mākou i nā manaʻo mele e like me ke ʻano, tonality a me ka pālākiō, nānā i ke ʻano o ka mea nui a me ka liʻiliʻi, aʻo pehea e ʻike ai i nā pae paʻa a paʻa ʻole. Mai nā pilikia e pili ana, e aʻo ʻoe e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano ʻano mele ʻē aʻe, a me pehea e ʻike koke ai i nā koi a me nā papa ma kekahi kī.