Scherzo |

ital. scherzo, lit. – hoʻohenehene

1) I nā kenekulia 16-17. he inoa maʻamau no nā canzonets leo ʻekolu, a me nā woks monophonic. ke pāʻani nei i nā kikokikona o ke ʻano pāʻani, hoʻohenehene. Nā Laʻana - mai C. Monteverdi ("Musical scherzos" ("jokes") - "Sherzi musicali, 1607), A. Brunelli (3 hōʻiliʻili o 1-5-head. scherzos, arias, canzonettes a me madrigals -" Scherzi, Arie, Canzonette e Madrigale", 1613-14 a me 1616), B. Marini ("Scherzo a me nā canzonettes no nā leo 1 a me 2" - "Scherzi e canzonette a 1 e 2 voci", 1622). Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17 ua lilo ʻo S. i kapa inoa o instr. kahi ʻāpana kokoke i kahi capriccio. ʻO nā mea kākau o ia mau symphonies ʻo A. Troilo (“Symphony, scherzo…” – “Sinfonie, scherzi”, 1608), I. Shenk (“Musical scherzos (jokes)” – “Scherzi musicali” no viola da gamba and bass, 1700 ). Ua komo pū ʻia ʻo S. i loko o ka instr. suite; ma ke ʻano he hana suite-type, loaʻa ia ma JS Bach (Partita No 3 no clavier, 1728).

2) Mai con. ʻO ke kenekulia 18 kekahi o nā ʻāpana (maʻamau ka 3) o ka sonata-symphony. pōʻai – symphonies, sonatas, emi pinepine concerto. No ka nui S. typical 3/4 a i ʻole 3/8, wikiwiki wikiwiki, hoʻololi manuahi o ke mele. nā manaʻo, hoʻokomo i kahi mea o ka mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, hikiwawe a hana i ke ʻano S. pili i ka capriccio. E like me ka burlesque, hōʻike pinepine ʻo S. i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻakaʻaka i ke mele - mai kahi pāʻani leʻaleʻa, ʻakaʻaka i ka grotesque, a hiki i ke ʻano o ka hihiu, hewa, daimonio. nā kiʻi. Ua kākau ʻia ʻo S. ma kahi ʻano 3 ʻāpana, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ʻo S. kūpono a me kāna hana hou ʻana me kahi ʻekolu o ka calmer a me ke mele. ʻano, i kekahi manawa - ma ke ʻano o kahi rondo me 2 decomp. ʻekolu. I ka sonata-symphony mua. pōʻai ka hapakolu he minuet, ma nā hana a nā haku mele o ka Viennese classic. kula, ua lawe mālie ʻia kahi o ka minuet e ka S. Ua ulu pololei mai loko mai o ka minuet, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā hiʻohiʻona o ka scherzoism a hoʻomaka e ʻike hou aʻe. ʻO ia nā minuke o nā sonata-symphonies. nā pōʻai o J. Haydn, kekahi mau pōʻai mua o L. Beethoven (piano sonata mua). Ma ke ʻano he inoa o kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka pōʻai, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "S." ʻO J. Haydn ka mea mua i hoʻohana iā ia ma ka "Russian quartets" (op. 1, No. 33-2, 6), akā ʻo kēia mau s. ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa i ka minuet. I ka wā mua i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa ʻo S. a i ʻole Scherzando i kekahi manawa e nā ʻāpana hope o nā pōʻai, hoʻomau ʻia i nā nui like. Classic type S. i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka hana a L. Beethoven, ua loaʻa iā to-ry kahi makemake maopopo no kēia ʻano ma luna o ka minuet. Ua paa ka manao e hoike. ʻO nā mea hiki a S., ʻoi aku ka laulā ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka minuet, i kaupalena ʻia e ka predominance. pōʻai o nā kiʻi "gallant". ʻO nā haku nui loa o S. ma ke ʻano o ka sonata-symphony. ʻO nā pōʻai ma ke Komohana ma hope o F. Schubert, ʻo ia naʻe, me S. hoʻohana i ka minuet, F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, ka mea i hoʻoikaika i kahi scherzoism ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka airy scherzoism i hana ʻia e nā kumu moʻolelo, a me A. Bruckner. I ke kenekulia 1781, hoʻohana pinepine ʻo S. i nā kumuhana i ʻaiʻē ʻia mai ka moʻolelo o nā ʻāina ʻē (F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy's Scottish Symphony, 19). Ua loaʻa iā S. kahi ulu waiwai ma Rusia. nā symphonies. ʻO kahi ʻano lāhui Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻokō ʻana o kēia ʻano e AP Borodin (S. mai ka 1842nd symphony), PI Tchaikovsky, nāna i hoʻokomo iā S. ma kahi kokoke i nā symphonies a me nā suites (ʻaʻole i kapa ʻia ka hapa 2 o ka symphony 3. S. , akā,ʻo ka mea nuiʻo S., ua hui pūʻia nā hiʻohiʻona maʻaneʻi me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka heleʻana), AK Glazunov. S. he nui. symphonies of owls composers – N. Ya. Myaskovsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

3) I ke au o ka romanticism, ua kūʻokoʻa ʻo S. hoʻokani pila, ch. arr. no ka fp. ʻO nā hōʻailona mua o ia S. kokoke i ka capriccio; ua hana mua ʻia kēia ʻano S. e F. Schubert. Ua wehewehe ʻo F. Chopin i kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano hou. Ma kāna 4 fp. S. piha me ke keaka kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻeleʻele pinepine i nā ʻāpana waihoʻoluʻu me nā mele mele māmā. Fp. Ua kākau pū ʻo S. iā R. Schumann, I. Brahms, no Lūkini. nā haku mele - MA Balakirev, PI Tchaikovsky, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia nā S. a no nā mea kani ʻē aʻe. I ke kenekulia 19 ua hana ʻia ʻo S. a ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa. orc. pāʻani. Ma waena o nā mea kākau o ia S. ʻo F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (S. mai ka mele no W. Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream), P. Duke (S. The Sorcerer's Apprentice), MP Mussorgsky, AK Lyadov a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.