Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky |

Evgeny Mogilevsky

No ka ʻohana mele ʻo Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky. ʻO kona mau mākua he mau kumu ma ka Conservatory o Odessa. ʻO ka makuahine,ʻo Serafima Leonidovna, ka mea i aʻo mua me GG Neuhaus, mai ka hoʻomakaʻana i mālama pono i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele a kāna keiki. Ma lalo o kāna kiaʻi, noho ʻo ia ma ka piano no ka manawa mua (ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1952, ua mālama ʻia nā haʻawina i loko o nā paia o ke kula kaulana ʻo Stolyarsky) a ʻo ia, i ka makahiki 18, ua puka ʻo ia mai kēia kula. "Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻaʻole maʻalahi i nā mākua nā mea mele ke aʻo i kā lākou mau keiki, a no nā keiki e aʻo ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o ko lākou ʻohana," wahi a Mogilevsky. “Peia nō paha. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo. I koʻu hele ʻana i ka papa o koʻu makuahine a i ʻole i ka hana ʻana ma ka home, aia kekahi kumu a me kahi haumāna ma hope o kekahi - ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻimi mau ʻo Māmā i mea hou - nā ʻenehana, nā ʻano aʻo. Ua hoihoi mau au iā ia. ”…

• Piano mele ma ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele Ozon →

Mai 1963 Mogilevsky ma Moscow. No kekahi manawa, pōʻino pōkole, ua aʻo ʻo ia me GG Neuhaus; ma hope o kona make ʻana, me SG Neuhaus a, hope loa, me YI Zak. "Mai Yakov Izrailevich ua aʻo au i nā mea aʻu i nele i kēlā manawa. Ma kāna ʻōlelo ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua aʻo ʻo ia i koʻu ʻano hana. No laila, kaʻu pāʻani. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ia, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole maʻalahi iaʻu i kekahi manawa, he pōmaikaʻi nui ia. ʻAʻole wau i ho'ōki i ke aʻo ʻana me Yakov Izrailevich ma hope o ke puka ʻana, e noho ana i kāna papa ma ke ʻano he kōkua.

Mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ua maʻa ʻo Mogilevsky i ke kahua - i ka makahiki ʻeiwa ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i mua o kahi anaina no ka manawa mua, i ka ʻumikūmākahi ua hoʻokani ʻo ia me kahi orkestra. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna ʻoihana kiʻi e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā moʻolelo like ʻole o nā keiki prodigies, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ka hoʻomaka wale nō. ʻO nā Geeks maʻamau " lawa " no ka manawa pōkole, no kekahi mau makahiki; ʻO Mogilevsky, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonui i ka holomua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. A i kona makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa, ua lilo kona kaulana i nā pōʻai mele ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma 1964, ma Brussels, i ka hoʻokūkū ʻo Queen Elizabeth.

Ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana mua ma Brussels. Ua lanakila ka lanakila ma kahi hoʻokūkū i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa: ma ke kapikala o Belgium, no ke kumu maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke mai lawe wahi makana; ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe me ka pōʻino. Ma waena o nā mea hoʻokūkū o Mogilevsky, he mau mea hoʻokani piano i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia, me kekahi mau haku papa kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ia ka mea mua inā e mālama ʻia nā hoʻokūkū e like me ke ʻano "nona ka ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi". Ua hoʻoholo nā mea a pau i kēia manawa - ka nani o kāna kālena.

ʻAe. Ua'ōlelo muaʻo I. Zak e pili ana iā Mogilevsky he "nui ka hoʻonani pilikino" i kāna pāʻani (Zak Ya. In Brussels // Sov. Music. 1964. No. 9. P. 72.). ʻO GG Neuhaus, hui pū me ke kanaka ʻōpio no ka manawa pōkole, ua ʻike ʻo ia he "maikaʻi loa, he nani ke kanaka, e like me kāna hana kūlohelohe" (Neigauz GG Nā noʻonoʻo o kahi lālā jury // Neugauz GG Nā noʻonoʻo, memoir, diaries. Nā ʻatikala i koho ʻia. Nā leka i nā mākua. P. 115.). Ua kamaʻilio ʻo Zach lāua ʻo Neuhaus e pili ana i ka mea like, ʻoiai ma nā ʻōlelo like ʻole. ʻO ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻelua inā he ʻano koʻikoʻi ka nani ma ke kamaʻilio maʻalahi "i kēlā me kēia lā" ma waena o nā kānaka, a laila pehea ka mea nui no ka mea pena - ke hele nei ma ke kahua, kamaʻilio me nā haneli, mau tausani o nā kānaka. Ua ʻike lāua ʻelua ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Mogilevsky i kēia makana hauʻoli (a kakaikahi!) mai ka hānau ʻana. ʻO kēia "hilinaʻi pilikino," e like me kā Zach i ʻōlelo ai, ua lawe mai iā Mogilevsky i ka kūleʻa i kāna mau hana kamaliʻi; ma hope mai ua hoʻoholo i kāna hopena kiʻi ma Brussels. Hoʻokomo mau ia i nā kānaka i kāna ʻahamele a hiki i kēia lā.

(Ma mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka mea maʻamau e hui pū ai i ka ʻaha mele a me nā hiʻohiʻona keaka. No ke aha?. No kēlā waiwai paʻakikī a mākou i kapa aku ai he nani. ʻO kēia ka nani hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia o ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o kahi mea keaka, kahi i lilo ai nā hemahema i mau pono… ” (Stanislavsky KS E hana iā ia iho i ka hana hoʻomohala o ka incarnation // Nā hana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia - M., 1955. T. 3. S. 234.))

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o Mogilevsky ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani ʻaha mele, inā mākou e haʻalele i ka "lusive" a me ka "inexplicable", ua like ia ma ke ʻano o kāna leo: palupalu, hoʻopiʻi aloha; ʻO nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi a ka mea hoʻokani piano, nā kani kani, nā "notes" o nā noi ʻoluʻolu, ʻoi aku ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā pule. Eia kekahi laʻana i ka hana a Mogilevsky i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Chopin's Fourth Ballade, kahi kumuhana mele mai ke Kolu o ka neʻe ʻana o Schumann's Fantasy ma C major, ʻo ia hoʻi i waena o kāna mau holomua; hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomanaʻo nui i ka Sonata Lua a me ka Concerto ʻEkolu o Rachmaninov, ma nā hana a Tchaikovsky, Scriabin a me nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe. ʻO kona leo piano he nani nō hoʻi - ʻoluʻolu ke kani ʻana, i kekahi manawa ʻoluʻolu hoʻi, e like me ka leo mele i loko o ka opera - he leo i ʻike ʻia me ka hauʻoli, ka pumehana, nā kala ʻala ʻala. (I kekahi manawa, he mea ʻoluʻolu, ʻala, ʻala ʻala i ka waihoʻoluʻu - me he mea lā i loko o nā kiʻi kiʻi leo a Mogilevsky, ʻaʻole anei kēia kā lākou mea nani?)

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nani nō hoʻi ke ʻano hoʻokani o ka mea pena, ke ʻano o kona ʻano i mua o ka poʻe: kona mau hiʻohiʻona ma ke kahua, poses i ka wā o ka pāʻani, nā hana. I loko ona, i kona mau hiʻohiʻona a pau ma hope o ka mea kani, aia kahi momona o loko a me ka hoʻohua maikaʻi ʻana, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai iā ia. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu wale ʻo Mogilevsky ma kāna clavirabends, ʻoluʻolu ke nānā aku iā ia.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea pena kiʻi i ka repertoire aloha. Ua lōʻihi kona lanakila ʻana iā ia iho ma nā hana e like me Schumann's Kreisleriana a me F sharp minor novelta, Liszt's sonata ma B minor, etudes a me Petrarch's Sonnets, Fantasia a me Fugue ma nā kumuhana o Liszt's opera The Prophet – Busoni, impromptu and Schubert's “Musical Moments ”, sonatas a me Chopin's Second Piano Concerto. Aia i loko o kēia mele e ʻike nui ʻia ai kona hopena i ka lehulehu, ʻo kāna hana magnetism, kona mana nani kāpili ko lakou ike ana i na mea e ae. Ua hala kekahi manawa ma hope o ka hālāwai aʻe me kahi mea hoʻokani piano a hoʻomaka ʻoe e noʻonoʻo: ʻaʻole anei i ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o kāna mau ʻōlelo ma mua o ka hohonu? ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka naʻau ma mua o ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia i loko o ke mele e like me ke akeakamai, ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻuhane, ka luʻu ʻana iā ia iho? .. He mea kupanaha wale no ka hiki ana mai o keia mau noonoo hopeia Mogilevsky conchaet pāʻani.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī iā ia me nā mea kahiko. ʻO Mogilevsky, i ko lākou kamaʻilio ʻana iā ia ma mua o kēia kumuhana, pane pinepine ʻo Bach, Scarlatti, Hynd, Mozart ʻaʻole "nā" mea kākau. (I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, akā, ua loli iki ke kūlana - akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kēlā ma hope.) ʻO kēia, maopopo, nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka "psychology" hoʻomohala a ka mea piano: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi iā ia. e wehe aʻe i nā mele ma hope o Beethoven. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui hoʻi kekahi - nā waiwai o kēlā me kēia o kāna ʻenehana hana.

ʻO ka laina lalo ma Mogilevsky i hōʻike mau ʻia iā ia iho mai ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi loa i loko o ka repertoire aloha. No ka hoʻonaninani kiʻi, ʻoi aku ka "kala" ma luna o ke kaha kiʻi, kahi waihoʻoluʻu - ma luna o kahi kiʻi kikoʻī pololei, kahi kani mānoanoa - ma luna o kahi paʻi maloʻo ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui ma mua o ka mea liʻiliʻi, ka poetic "general" - ma mua o ka mea kikoʻī, ka kikoʻī, nā kikoʻī i hana ʻia.

Hiki i ka hoʻokani ʻana o Mogilevsky ke manaʻo i kekahi sketchiness, no ka laʻana, i kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā preludes a Chopin, etudes, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Me he mea lā e pohihihi iki nā contours leo o ka piano i kekahi manawa (ʻo Ravel's "Night Gaspar", nā miniatures a Scriabin, Debussy's "Kiʻi. ", "Nā Kiʻi ma kahi Hōʻikeʻike »Mussorgsky, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) - e like me ka mea iʻikeʻia ma nā kiʻi o nā mea pena kiʻi. ʻO ka mea kānalua, i ka mele o kekahi ʻano - ʻo ka mea mua, i hānau ʻia e kahi manaʻo aloha aloha - he nani a maikaʻi kēia ʻano i kona ʻano ponoʻī. ʻAʻole naʻe i loko o ka papa mele, ʻaʻole i nā hana leo akaka a maopopo o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻAʻole hoʻopau ʻo Mogilevsky i kāna hana i kēia lā i ka "hoʻopau" i kāna mau akamai. Manaʻo ʻia kēia e ia hoʻokani ʻo ia - he aha nā mea kākau a me nā hana āna e kuhikuhi ai - a no laila, as ke nānā nei ʻo ia ma ke kahua ʻaha mele. He hōʻailona ia i ʻike hou ʻia kekahi mau sonata a Haydn a me Mozart piano concerto i aʻo hou ʻia ma kāna mau papahana o ka waena a me ka hopena o ke kanawalu; ua hoʻokomo i kēia mau papahana a hoʻokumu paʻa i loko o lākou e like me "Elegy" a me "Tambourine" na Rameau-Godowsky, "Giga" na Lully-Godowsky. A ʻoi aku. Hoʻomaka ka kani ʻana o nā haku mele a Beethoven i kāna mau ahiahi – nā concerto piano (ʻelima a pau), 33 mau ʻano like ʻole ma ka Waltz na Diabelli, iwakāluakūmāiwa, kanakolukūmālua a me kekahi mau sonata ʻē aʻe, Fantasia no ka piano, choir and orchestra, etc. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi ia i ka ʻike i ka hoihoi i nā papa mele e hele mai me nā makahiki i kēlā me kēia mea hoʻokani pila. Akā ʻaʻole wale. ʻO ka makemake mau o Evgeny Gedeonovich e hoʻomaikaʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka "ʻenehana" o kāna pāʻani he hopena kekahi. A he mea nui ka poʻe kahiko i kēia hihia ...

"I kēia lā ke alo nei au i nā pilikia aʻu i nānā ʻole ai i koʻu wā ʻōpio," wahi a Mogilevsky. ʻO ka ʻike ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau i ka biography haku mele o ka piano, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke koho i ka mea i hūnā ʻia ma hope o kēia mau ʻōlelo. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kanaka lokomaikaʻi, hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka mea kani mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai me ka hoʻoikaika ʻole; he mau ʻaoʻao maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. Negative - no ka mea, aia nā mea i loaʻa i ke kiʻi i loaʻa ka waiwai ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka mea pena i ka lanakila ʻana i ka "kūʻē o ka mea." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tchaikovsky, pono e "hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia". ʻO ia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka ʻoihana o kahi mea hoʻokani pila.

Pono ʻo Mogilevsky e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna ʻano pāʻani, e hoʻokō i ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻonaninani o waho, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kikoʻī, ʻaʻole wale no ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau masterpieces o ka classics - Scarlatti, Haydn or Mozart. Pono nō hoʻi kēia e ka mele āna e hana mau ai. ʻOiai inā hoʻokō ʻo ia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, kūleʻa loa, e like me ka Medtner's E minor sonata, a i ʻole ke sonata a Bartok (1926), ʻo Liszt's First Concerto a i ʻole Prokofiev's Second. Ua ʻike ka mea hoʻokani piano—a i kēia lā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka wā ma mua—ʻo ka mea makemake e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pāʻani "maikaʻi" a i ʻole "maikaʻi loa" pono i kēia mau lā e loaʻa i nā mākau hana filigree. ʻO ia wale nō ka mea hiki ke "hoʻopaʻi ʻia".

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I ka makahiki 1987, ua hana'ia kekahi hanana hoihoi i ke ola o Mogilevsky. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka jure ma ka hoʻokūkū ʻo Queen Elizabeth ma Brussels - ʻo ia kahi i lanakila ai ʻo ia i ka mekala gula. Ua hoʻomanaʻo nui ʻo ia, ua noʻonoʻo nui ʻo ia i ka wā i noho ai ʻo ia ma ka papa ʻaina o kahi lālā jure - a e pili ana i ke ala āna i hele ai mai ka makahiki 27, e pili ana i nā mea i hana ʻia, i hoʻokō ʻia i kēia manawa, a me nā mea i hana ʻole ʻia. ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia e like me kou makemake. ʻO ia mau manaʻo, he mea paʻakikī i kekahi manawa ke hoʻokumu a hoʻohālikelike pololei, he mea nui ia no ka poʻe o ka hana hoʻomohala: lawe mai i ka hoʻomaha a me ka hopohopo i loko o ka ʻuhane, ua like lākou me nā impetuses e paipai iā lākou e neʻe i mua.

Ma Brussels, lohe ʻo Mogilevsky i nā mea piano ʻōpio he nui mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua. No laila ua loaʻa iā ia, e like me kāna ʻōlelo ʻana, he manaʻo o kekahi o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona i ka hana piano hou. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka laina anti-romantic i kēia manawa i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.

I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki XNUMX, aia kekahi mau hanana hoihoi a me nā hālāwai no Mogilev; he nui nā manaʻo mele nani i hoʻohuli ʻia iā ia, hoʻohauʻoli iā ia, waiho i kahi meheu i kona hoʻomanaʻo. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e luhi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā manaʻo hoihoi i hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā ʻaha mele a Evgeny Kissin. A hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia: ma ke kiʻi, i kekahi manawa hiki i kahi kanaka makua ke kaha kiʻi, aʻo mai kahi keiki ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o ke keiki mai kahi kanaka makua. ʻO Kissin ka mea maʻamau iā Mogilevsky. Malia paha ua manaʻo ʻo ia i kahi mea like me ia iho - i kekahi hihia, inā mākou e hoʻomanaʻo i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana kahua. Makemake ʻo Yevgeny Gedeonovich i ka pāʻani piano ʻōpio no ka mea he kūʻē ia i ka "anti-romantic trend" āna i ʻike ai ma Brussels.

…He mea hoʻokani ʻaha mele ʻo Mogilevsky. Ua aloha mau ʻia ʻo ia e ka lehulehu, mai kāna mau ʻanuʻu mua ma ke kahua. Aloha mākou iā ia no kāna talena, ʻoiai nā loli a pau o nā ʻano, nā ʻano, nā ʻono a me nā ʻano hana, ʻo ia ka waiwai "helu ʻekahi" ma ke kiʻi. Hiki i nā mea a pau ke hoʻokō, hoʻokō, "extorted" koe wale no ka pono e kapa ʻia ʻo Talent. ("Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mika, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā metaphors," wahi a Aristotle.) ʻAʻole kānalua ʻo Mogilevsky i kēia pono.

G. Tsypin