Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov |

Georgy Sviridov

… I nā wā kūpikipikiʻō, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e hoʻokomo ana i ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe loa o ke kanaka, ka manaʻo no ka lokahi o loko o ke ʻano kanaka e kūʻē i ka haunaele o ke ao ... pōʻino o ke ola, akā i ka manawa like ke lanakila nei i kēia pōʻino. ʻO ka makemake i ka lokahi o loko, ka ʻike o ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka - ʻo ia ka mea i kani nui iaʻu ma Pushkin. G. Sviridov

ʻAʻole pōʻino ka pili ʻuhane ma waena o ka haku mele a me ka haku mele. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kiʻi a Sviridov e ka lokahi o loko, kahi makemake nui no ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a ma ka manawa like ka manaʻo o ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana mai ka ʻike hohonu o ka nui a me ke keaka o ke au e ola nei. He mea hoʻokani pila a haku mele no nā kālena kumu nui, manaʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho he keiki kāne o kona ʻāina, hānau ʻia a hānai ʻia ma lalo o kona lani. I loko o ke ola o Sviridov aia nā loulou pololei me nā kumu o ka poʻe a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini.

He haumana a D. Shostakovich, i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia ma ka Leningrad Conservatory (1936-41), he mea akamai i ka poetry a me ka pena kiʻi, nona ka makana poetic koʻikoʻi, ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Fatezh, ka moku ʻo Kursk, i loko o ka ʻohana o he kakau leta a he kumu. ʻO ka makuakāne a me ka makuahine o Sviridov he poʻe kamaʻāina, hele mai lākou mai ka poʻe mahiʻai kokoke i nā kauhale o Fatezh. ʻO ke kamaʻilio pololei ʻana me ke kaiapuni kuaʻāina, e like me ka hīmeni ʻana o ke keiki ma ka papa himeni o ka halepule, he kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia mau pōhaku kihi ʻelua o ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini - nā mele mele a me nā kiʻi ʻuhane - i noho i ka hoʻomanaʻo mele o ke keiki mai ka wā kamaliʻi, lilo i kumu nui o ka haku i ka wā oʻo o ka hana.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā hoʻomanaʻo o ka wā kamaliʻi me nā kiʻi o ke ʻano ʻo Rūsia Hema - nā māla wai, nā māla a me nā copses. A laila - ka pōʻino o ke kaua kīwila, 1919, i ka wā i pepehi ai nā koa o Denikin i komo i ke kūlanakauhale i ka ʻōpio komunista Vasily Sviridov. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ke hoʻi pinepine ka mea haku mele i ka poetry o ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia (ʻo ka leo leo "He Makuakani Koʻu" - 1957; nā cantatas "Kursk Songs", "Wooden Russia" - 1964, "The Baptist Man" - 1985; nā haku mele), a me nā haunaele weliweli i nā makahiki kipi ("1919" - ʻāpana 7 o "Yesenin's Memory Poem", mele mele "Ua hui ke keiki me kona makuakāne", "Death of the commissar").

Hiki ke hōʻike pololei ʻia ka lā mua o ka hana kiʻi a Sviridov: mai ke kauwela a hiki i Dekemaba 1935, ma lalo o 20 mau makahiki, ua kākau ka haku o nā mele Soviet i kēia manawa i ka pōʻai kaulana o nā aloha e pili ana i nā mele a Pushkin ("Approaching Izhora", ʻO "Winter Road", "The Forest Drops ...", "To the Nanny", etc.) kahi hana i kū paʻa i waena o nā mele mele Soviet, e wehe ana i ka papa inoa o nā haku hana a Sviridov. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mau makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana, ke kaua, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ka ulu ʻana o ka hana, ka mākaukau o nā kiʻekiʻe o ke akamai ma mua. Ua hiki mai ka piha o ke kanaka makua a me ke kūʻokoʻa i ka 40s a me 50s, i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai kāna ʻano ponoʻī o ka poem cyclic leo a ʻike ʻia kāna kumuhana epic nui (ka haku mele a me ka ʻāina hānau). ʻO ka hānau mua o kēia ʻano ("Land of the Fathers" ma ka st. A. Isahakyan - 1950) i ukali ʻia e nā mele i nā paukū o Robert Burns (1955), ka oratorio "The Poem in Memory of Yesenin" (1956). ) a me "Pathetic" (ma ka st. V. Mayakovsky - 1959).

"… Ua makemake nui nā mea kākau Lūkini e noʻonoʻo iā Rūsia ma ke ʻano o ka noho mālie a me ka hiamoe," i kākau ai ʻo A. Blok i ka pō o ke kipi, "akā ua pau kēia moeʻuhane; Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka leo ʻole e kahi leo lōʻihi ... "A, e kāhea ana e hoʻolohe i ka "weliweli a me ke kuli o ke kipi", ʻōlelo ka mea haku mele "ʻo kēia ʻano, e pili ana i ka mea nui." ʻO ia me kahi kī "Blokian" i hoʻokokoke ai ʻo Sviridov i ke kumuhana o ka Great October Revolution, akā ua lawe ʻo ia i ka kikokikona mai kahi haku mele ʻē aʻe: ua koho ka mea haku mele i ke ala o ke kūʻē nui loa, e huli ana i ka mele a Mayakovsky. Ma ke ala, ʻo ia ka mua melodic assimilation o kāna mau mele ma ka mōʻaukala mele. Hōʻike ʻia kēia, no ka laʻana, e ka mele hoʻoikaika ʻia "E hele kākou, e ka poet, e nānā, e hīmeni" i ka hopena o ka "Pathetic Oratorio", kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke ʻano kiʻi o nā mele kaulana, a me ka ākea, hauʻoli. mele "Ua maopopo iaʻu ke kūlanakauhale." Ua hōʻike ʻia e Sviridov ma Mayakovsky nā melodic pau ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hiʻohiʻona. A ʻo ka "rumble of the revolution" aia i loko o ka huakaʻi nani a weliweli o ka ʻāpana 1 ("Huli i ka huakaʻi!"), Ma ke ʻano "cosmic" o ka hopena ("Shine and no nails!") ...

I nā makahiki mua wale nō o kāna aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kākau ai ʻo Sviridov i nā mele mea kani. Ma ka hopena o nā 30s - ka hoʻomaka o nā 40s. komo pū me Symphony; ʻaha mele piano; nā hui keʻena (Quintet, Trio); 2 sonata, 2 partitas, album keiki no ka piano. Ua kaulana kekahi o kēia mau haku mele ma nā puke a ka mea kākau hou, a ua kū ma ke kahua ʻaha mele.

Akā ʻo ka mea nui ma ka hana a Sviridov he mele leo (mele, romances, vocal cycles, cantatas, oratorios, choral works). Ma ʻaneʻi, ua hui pū ʻia kona manaʻo kupanaha o ka paukū, ka hohonu o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mele a me nā kālena melodic waiwai. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia i "mele" i nā laina o Mayakovsky (ma waho aʻe o ka oratorio - ka paʻi mele kaulana "The Story of Bagels and the Woman Who Doesn't Recognize the Republic"), B. Pasternak (ka cantata "Ua hau") , N. Gogol's prose (choir “On Lost Youth” ), aka, me ke mele a me ke mele hou i keia wa. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kākau i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā mele he nui na V. Shakespeare, P. Beranger, N. Nekrasov, F. Tyutchev, B. Kornilov, A. Prokofiev, A. Tvardovsky, F. Sologub, V. Khlebnikov a me nā mea'ē aʻe - mai nā haku mele -Decembrists iā K. Kuliev.

I loko o ka mele a Sviridov, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mana ʻuhane a me ka hohonu hohonu o ka poetry i nā mele o ke kuʻi ʻana, ka mālamalama aniani, i ka momona o nā kala orchestral, i ke ʻano kumu kumu. E hoʻomaka ana me "The Poem in Memory of Sergei Yesenin", hoʻohana ka mea haku mele i kāna mele i nā ʻano intonation-modal o ke mele Orthodox Znamenny kahiko. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka honua o ka ʻuhane kahiko o ka poʻe Lūkini ma nā mele mele e like me "Ke kaumaha nei ka ʻuhane i ka lani", i nā ʻaha mele "In Memory of AA Yurlov" a me "Pushkin's Wreath", i mea kupaianaha. nā canvases mele i hoʻokomoʻia i loko o ke mele no ka pāʻani A K. Tolstoy "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" ("Prayer", "Holy Love", "Penitence Verse"). ʻO ke mele o kēia mau hana he maʻemaʻe a haʻahaʻa, aia kahi manaʻo maikaʻi loa. Aia kekahi mahele ma ke ki'i'oni'oni "Georgy Sviridov" i ka wā i kū ai ka mea haku mele i mua o kahi ki'i pena ma ka hale hō'ike'ike hale o Blok (Leningrad), kahi i ho'oka'awale'ole ai ka haku mele. He kope kēia mai ka pena Salome me ke Poʻo o Ioane Bapetite (e hoʻomaka ana i ke kenekulia 1963) e ka mea pena kiʻi Dutch ʻo K. Massis, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai nā kiʻi o Herode ʻino a me ke kāula i make no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. "He hōʻailona ke kāula no ka haku mele, kona hopena!" Wahi a Sviridov. ʻAʻole kuhi hewa kēia ʻano like. He manaʻo koʻikoʻi ʻo Blok i ke ahi, ka puahiohio a me ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana o ke kenekulia 40 e hiki mai ana. A i nā huaʻōlelo o ka wānana weliweli a Blok, ua hana ʻo Sviridov i kekahi o kāna mau haku mele "Voice from the Choir" (1963). Ua hoʻoikaika pinepine ʻo Blok i ka haku mele, nāna i kākau e pili ana i nā mele 1962 e pili ana i kāna mau mele: ʻo ia nā miniatures solo, a me ke keʻena "Petersburg Songs" (1967), a me nā cantatas liʻiliʻi "Sad Songs" (1979), "Five Songs about Russia" (1980), and choral cyclic poems Night Clouds (XNUMX), Songs of Timelessness (XNUMX).

… ʻElua mau haku mele ʻē aʻe, nona nā hiʻohiʻona wānana, noho i kahi kikowaena o ka hana a Sviridov. ʻO Pushkin a me Yesenin kēia. I nā pauku o Pushkin, nāna i hoʻokau iā ia iho a me nā palapala Lūkini e hiki mai ana i ka leo o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo, nāna i hoʻokauwā aku i nā kānaka me kāna ʻoihana, ʻo Sviridov, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mele pākahi a me nā aloha ʻōpio, ua kākau ʻo ia i 10 mau mele nani o "Pushkin's Wreath. "(1979), kahi ma o ka lokahi a me ka hauʻoli o ke ola e uhaʻi i ka noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi o ka haku mele wale nō me ke ao pau ʻole ("They beat the morning"). ʻO Yesenin ka mea kokoke loa a, ma nāʻano a pau,ʻo ka haku mele nui o Sviridov (ma kahi o 50 mau mele a me nā mele mele). ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, uaʻike ka mea haku mele i kāna poem wale nō i ka makahiki 1956. ʻO ka laina "ʻO wau ka haku mele hope loa o ke kauhale" i hoʻokūhoihoi a lilo koke i mele,ʻo ka'ōpuʻu kahi i ulu ai ka "Poem in Memory of Sergei Yesenin" - he hana hōʻailona. no Sviridov, no nā mele Soviet a ma ke ʻano nui, no ko mākou kaiāulu e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano he nui o ke ola Lūkini i kēlā mau makahiki. ʻO Yesenin, e like me nā "co-authors" nui ʻē aʻe o Sviridov, he makana wānana - hoʻi i ka waena o 20s. ua wānana ʻo ia i ka hopena weliweli o ka ʻāina ʻo Rusia. ʻO ka "mea hoʻokipa hao", e hele mai ana "ma ke ala o ke kula uliuli", ʻaʻole ia he kaʻa a Yesenin i ʻōlelo ʻia e makaʻu ai (e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua), he kiʻi apocalyptic, weliweli kēia. Ua manaʻo ʻia a hōʻike ʻia ka manaʻo o ka mea haku mele ma ke mele. Ma waena o kāna mau hana a Yesenin he mau mele, he mea kilokilo i ko lākou waiwai mele ("He kaumaha ka ʻuhane no ka lani", "I ke ahiahi uliuli", "Tabun"), cantatas, nā mele o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a hiki i ke keʻena-vocal poem "Haʻalele. Rusia" (1977).

ʻO Sviridov, me kāna hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, ma mua a hohonu hoʻi ma mua o nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe o ka moʻomeheu Soviet, ua manaʻo ʻo ia ka pono e mālama i ka mele mele a me ka ʻōlelo mele Lūkini, nā waiwai waiwai ʻole o nā kiʻi kahiko i hana ʻia i nā kenekulia, no ka mea, ma luna o kēia mau waiwai āpau āpau i ko mākou mau makahiki. ʻO ka uhaʻi ʻana i nā kumu a me nā kuʻuna, i ka wā o nā hana ʻino i ʻike ʻia, aia maoli nō ka pōʻino o ka luku. A inā kā mākou mau palapala hou, ʻoi aku ma o nā lehelehe o V. Astafiev, V. Belov, V. Rasputin, N. Rubtsov, e kāhea me ka leo nui e hoʻopakele i nā mea i hiki ke hoʻopakele ʻia, a laila ua ʻōlelo ʻo Sviridov e pili ana i kēia ma waena o ka waena. 50s.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka hana kiʻi a Sviridov ʻo kāna "super-historicity". E pili ana ia iā Rūsia holoʻokoʻa, e uhi ana i kona wā i hala, i kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻIke mau ka haku mele i ke koʻikoʻi i nā mea koʻikoʻi a pau ʻole. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kiʻi mele o Sviridov ma luna o nā kumu e like me nā mele Orthodox uhane a me nā moʻolelo Lūkini, aia i loko o ka orbit o kāna generalization ka ʻōlelo intonation o kahi mele kipi, ka huakaʻi, nā haʻiʻōlelo oratorical - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea kani o ke kenekulia XX Russian. , a ma luna o kēia kahua kahi hanana hou e like me ka ikaika a me ka nani, ka mana uhane a me ke komo ʻana, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe i ke kiʻi mele o ko kākou manawa i kahi pae hou. Aia kekahi lā kiʻekiʻe o ka opera kahiko Lūkini, aia kahi ala o ka symphony Soviet. I kēia lā, ʻo ke kiʻi mele Soviet hou, harmonious a sublime, ʻaʻohe analogues i ka wā ma mua a i ʻole i nā mele haole hou, he hōʻike koʻikoʻi ia o ka waiwai ʻuhane a me ke ola o ko mākou poʻe. A ʻo kēia ka hana hana a Sviridov. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa iā ia, ua hoʻomohala ʻia me ka lanakila nui e nā mea haku mele Soviet ʻē aʻe: V. Gavrilin, V. Tormis, V. Rubin, Yu. Butsko, K. Volkov. A. Nikolaev, A. Kholminov a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ua lilo ka mele a Sviridov i mea maʻamau o ke kiʻi Soviet o ke kenekulia XNUMX. mahalo i kona hohonu, kuʻikahi, pili pili me nā kuʻuna waiwai o ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini.

L. Polyakova