Samuil Abramovich Samosud (Samuil Samosud) |

Samuel Samosud

ʻO ka alakaʻi Soviet, People's Artist of the USSR (1937), lanakila o ʻekolu Stalin Prizes (1941, 1947, 1952). “Ua hānau ʻia au ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tiflis. He alakaʻi koʻu makuakāne. Ua ʻike ʻia nā makemake mele i koʻu wā kamaliʻi. Ua aʻo mai koʻu makuakāne iaʻu e hoʻokani i ka cornet-a-piston a me ke cello. Ua hoʻomaka kaʻu mau hana hoʻokahi i ka makahiki ʻeono. Ma hope mai, ma ka Tiflis Conservatory, ua hoʻomaka wau e aʻo i nā mea kani makani me Professor E. Gijini a me ke cello me Professor A. Polivko. No laila hoʻomaka ʻo Samosud i kāna moʻolelo autobiographical.

Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ke kula mele i ka makahiki 1905, ua hele ka mea hookani pila i Prague, kahi i a'o ai me ka cellist kaulana G. Vigan, a me ke alakai nui o ka Prague Opera K. Kovarzovits. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana o SA Samosud i hana ʻia ma Parisian "Schola Cantorum" ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka mea haku mele ʻo V. d'Andy a me ke alakaʻi ʻo E. Colonne. Malia paha, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka alakaʻi. Eia naʻe, no kekahi manawa ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana mai waho mai, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he soloist-cellist ma ka Hale o St. Petersburg People's House.

Mai ka makahiki 1910, ua hana ʻo Samosud ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi opera. Aia i loko o ka Hale Kanaka, ma lalo o kona mana, aia ʻo Faust, Lakme, Oprichnik, Dubrovsky. A i ka makahiki 1916 ua alaka'i 'o ia i ka "Mermaid" me ke komo 'ana o F. Chaliapin. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Samosud: "ʻO Galinkin, ka mea maʻamau e hoʻokani i nā hana a Shalyapin, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻo ia, a ua paipai ikaika ka orchestra iaʻu. I koʻu wā ʻōpiopio, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ʻo Chaliapin i kēia manaʻo, akā naʻe ua ʻae ʻo ia. He hana nui kēia hana i koʻu ola, ʻoiai i ka wā e hiki mai ana ua alakaʻi au i nā hana a pau a Chaliapin, a ma kāna koi. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā me Chaliapin - he mele mele, mea keaka a me ke alakaʻi - noʻu he kula hoʻomohala nui i wehe i nā ʻike hou i ka hana.

ʻO ka moʻolelo pilikino kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o Samosud, e like me ia, ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana - Leningrad a me Moscow. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana ma ka Mariinsky Theatre (1917-1919), ua alakaʻi ke alakaʻi i ka hui mele i hānau ʻia ma ʻOkakopa - ʻo ka Maly Opera Theatre ma Leningrad a ʻo ia kona alakaʻi alakaʻi a hiki i 1936. Mahalo i nā pono o Samosud i loaʻa pono i kēia hale keaka. ka inoa o kahi "laboratory of Soviet opera." ʻO nā hana maikaʻi loa o nā opera kahiko (The Abduction from the Seraglio, Carmen, Falstaff, The Snow Maiden, The Golden Cockerel, etc.) a me nā hana hou a nā mea kākau haole (Krenek, Dressel, etc.) ). Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻo Samosud i kāna hana nui i ka hana ʻana i kahi repertoire Soviet hou. A ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e hoʻokō i kēia hana me ka hoʻomau a me ka manaʻo. Ma hope o ka makahiki iwakālua, ua huli ʻo Malegot i nā hana ma nā kumuhana kipi - "No Red Petrograd" na A. Gladkovsky a me E. Prussak (1925), "Twenty-Fifth" na S. Strassenburg e pili ana i ka mele a Mayakovsky "Good" (1927), ʻO kahi hui o ka poʻe ʻōpio i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a puni ʻo Samosud Leningrad haku mele i hana ma ke ʻano opera - D. Shostakovich ("The Nose", "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District"), I. Dzerzhinsky ("Quiet Flows the Don"), V. Zhelobinsky ("Kamarinsky Muzhik", "Name Day"), V Voloshinov a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ua hana ʻo Lynching me ka hoihoi a me ka hoʻolaʻa. Ua kākau ka mea haku mele ʻo I. Dzerzhinsky: “Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hale keaka e like me ka mea ʻē aʻe ... No ia, ʻo ka hana keaka he hui ia o kahi kiʻi mele a me ke kiʻi hoʻokani i loko o kahi hoʻokahi, ʻo ka hana ʻana i kahi hui kiʻi maoli i mua o kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokahi. , ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā mea āpau o ka hana i ka manaʻo nui o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbka hana ... Mana CA. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ponoʻī ma luna o ka moʻomeheu nui, ka wiwo ʻole hana, ka hiki ke hana a me ka hiki ke hana i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻo ia iā ia iho i nā "mea liʻiliʻi" a pau o ka hana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e kamaʻilio pū me nā mea pena kiʻi, props, nā mea hana keaka. I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, haʻalele pinepine ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ke alakaʻi, a me ke alakaʻi, hana i nā mise en scenes, koi i ka mea mele no kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona, aʻo i ka mea pena e hoʻololi i kēia a i kēlā kikoʻī, wehewehe i ka papa mele i kahi wahi pohihihi score, etc. ʻO Samosud ke alakaʻi maoli o ka hana, e hana ana e like me ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana - i nā kikoʻī nui - hoʻolālā. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hilinaʻi a me ka maopopo i kāna mau hana. "

Hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻuhane o ka ʻimi a me ka hana hou i nā hana a Samosud a ma ka pou o ka alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka Bolshoi Theatre o ka USSR (1936-1943). Ua hana ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi i nā hana maʻamau o Ivan Susanin i loko o kahi puke moʻokalaleo hou a me Ruslan a me Lyudmila. Aia i loko o ka orbit o ka manaʻo o ka mea alakaʻi i ka Soviet opera. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, hoʻokani ʻia ʻo "Virgin Soil Upturned" a I. Dzerzhinsky ma ka Bolshoi Theatre, a i ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka opera "On Fire" a D. Kabalevsky.

ʻO ka pae aʻe o ke ola hana o Samosud e pili ana me ka Musical Theatre i kapa ʻia ma hope o KS Stanislavsky a me VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, kahi ʻo ia ke poʻo o ke keʻena mele a me ke alakaʻi alakaʻi (1943-1950). "ʻAʻole hiki ke poina i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Samosud," kākau i nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni N. Kemarskaya, T. Yanko a me S. Tsenin. — Inā paha e hoʻomākaukau ʻia ana ka operetta “The Beggar Student” a Millöker, a i ʻole ka hana o ka hanu nui — “Spring Love” na Encke, a i ʻole ka mele mele mele a Khrennikov ʻo “Frol Skobeev” — i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana - pehea ke ʻano o Samuil Abramovich. hiki iā ia ke nānā i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi, pehea ʻo ia i alakaʻi ai i ka mea hoʻokani i nā hoʻāʻo a pau, ma o nā hauʻoli āpau i loaʻa i ka hana! E like me kā Samuil Abramovich i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻo ke kiʻi o Panova ma Lyubov Yarovaya, he mea paʻakikī loa ia ma nā ʻōlelo mele a me nā ʻōlelo hana, a i ʻole ke kiʻi wikiwiki a haʻalulu o Laura ma The Beggar Student! A me kēia - nā kiʻi o Euphrosyne, Taras a i ʻole Nazar i ka opera "The Family of Taras" na Kabalevsky.

I ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, ʻo Samosud ka mea hoʻokani mua o D. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony (1942). A i ka makahiki 1946, ua ʻike hou nā poʻe mele Leningrad iā ia ma ka papa hoʻokele o ka Maly Opera Theatre. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, ua mālama ʻia ka mua o ka opera a S. Prokofiev "War and Peace". He pilina pili loa ko Samosud me Prokofiev. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia e ka mea haku mele e hōʻike i ka lehulehu (koe wale no "War and Peace") ka Seventh Symphony (1952), ka oratorio "Guarding the World" (1950), ka "Winter Fire" suite (1E50) a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. . Ma kekahi o nā telegrams i ke alakaʻi, ua kākau ʻo S. Prokofiev: "Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au iā ʻoe me ka mahalo pumehana ma ke ʻano he mea unuhi akamai, akamai a maikaʻi ʻole o kaʻu mau hana."

Ke poʻo i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kapa ʻia ma hope o KS Stanislavsky a me VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, ua alakaʻi ʻo Samosud i ka All-Union Radio Opera a me Symphony Orchestra, a i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, aia ʻo ia ma ke poʻo o ka Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra. I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o nā mea he nui, ua mālama ʻia kāna mau hana nani o nā keaka ma ka hana ʻaha mele - Wagner's Lohengrin and Meistersingers, Rossini's The Thieving Magpies and The Italians in Algeria, Tchaikovsky's Enchantresses ... ʻAʻole poina i ka poʻe mele a me nā mea aloha mele.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek