Giulia Grisi |
Giulia Grisi
Ua kākau ʻo F. Koni: “ʻO Giulia Grisi ka mea hana keaka nui loa o ko mākou manawa; he soprano ikaika, kani, a me ka ikaika… me kēia mana o ka leo, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i ka piha kupaianaha a me ka palupalu o ka leo, ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka nani o ka pepeiao. ʻO ka haku ʻana i kona leo maʻalahi a hoʻolohe i ka hemolele, pāʻani ʻo ia me nā pilikia, a i ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻike iā lākou. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe kupaianaha a me ka like o ka leo ʻana, ka paʻa ʻole o ka leo a me ka nani maoli o nā mea hoʻonaninani āna e hoʻohana ai me ka maʻalahi, hāʻawi iā ia i ka hīmeni ʻana i kahi leʻaleʻa nani ... hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau i kāna mele, kahi manaʻo hoʻohiwahiwa hohonu, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke mele a me ka pāʻani ʻana, a me kahi noʻonoʻo nani kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike mau ana i kāna mau hopena kūlohelohe a ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka hoʻonui a me ke aloha. Hoʻopuka ʻo V. Botkin iā ia: "Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Grisi ma mua o nā mele mele o kēia manawa, me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa ʻana o kona leo, me ke ʻano hana noʻeau, hoʻohui ʻo ia i ke kālena kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i ʻike iā ia i kēia manawa ... e loaʻa mau i loko o kona ʻuhane kēia kiʻi hanohano, kēia hiʻohiʻona lapalapa a me kēia mau leo uila e hoʻopūʻiwa koke i ka lehulehu holoʻokoʻa o ka poʻe nānā. He ʻuʻuku ʻo ia, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i ka mālie a me ke mele mele; ʻO kona pōʻaiapuni kahi e manaʻo kūʻokoʻa ai ʻo ia, ʻo kona ʻano ʻōiwi ke kuko. He aha ʻo Rachel i pōʻino ai, aia ʻo Grisi i ka opera… Me ka hana maikaʻi loa o ka leo a me ke ʻano hana noʻeau, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hīmeni maikaʻi ʻo Grisi i nā kuleana a me nā mele; ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka hana a Rosina ma The Barber of Seville, ka hana a Elvira ma The Puritans a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, āna i hīmeni mau ai ma Paris; akā, ke haʻi hou aku nei mākou, ʻo kāna ʻano maoli he mau hana pōʻino ... "
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Giulia Grisi ma Iulai 28, 1811. ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Gaetano Grisi, he mea nui i ka pūʻali Napoleonic. ʻO kona makuahine, ʻo Giovanna Grisi, he mele maikaʻi, a ua kaulana kona ʻanakē, ʻo Giuseppina Grassini, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mele maikaʻi loa o ke kenekulia XNUMXth century.
Ua loaʻa i ke kaikuahine ʻo Giulia ʻo Giuditta kahi mezzo-soprano mānoanoa, ua puka ʻo ia me ka hanohano mai ka Conservatory ʻo Milan, a ma hope iho ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma Vienna, ma Rossini's Bianca e Faliero, a ua hana wikiwiki ʻo ia i kahi ʻoihana maikaʻi. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa, akā ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kahua i ke kakahiaka nui, male ʻana i ke aliʻi ʻo Count Barney, a ua make ʻo ia i ka wā o ke ola ʻana i ka makahiki 1840.
Ua ulu aʻe ka hauʻoli a me ke aloha i ka moʻolelo o Julia. Ua ʻike ʻia kona hānau ʻana he mea hīmeni i nā poʻe a puni iā ia: ʻO ka soprano mālie a maʻemaʻe a Julia me he mea lā i hana ʻia no ke kahua. ʻO kāna kumu mua ʻo ia kona kaikuaʻana, a laila ua aʻo ʻo ia me F. Celli a me P. Guglielmi. ʻO G. Giacomelli ka hope. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhiku o Giulia, ua manaʻo ʻo Giacomelli ua mākaukau ka haumāna no kahi hoʻomaka keaka.
Ua hoʻomaka ka mea mele ʻōpio iā ia ma ke ʻano he Emma (Rossini's Zelmira). A laila hele ʻo ia i Milan, kahi āna i hoʻomau ai i ke aʻo ʻana me kona kaikuaʻana. Ua lilo ʻo Giuditta i kahu nona. Ua aʻo ʻo Julia me ke kumu ʻo Marlini. Ma hope wale nō o ka hoʻomākaukau hou ʻana, ʻike hou ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kahua. Ua hīmeni ʻo Giulia i ka ʻāpana o Dorlisca ma ke keaka mua a Rossini ʻo Torvaldo e Dorlisca ma ka Teatro Comunale ma Bologna. Ua maikaʻi ka hoʻohewa ʻana iā ia, a ua hele ʻo ia i kāna huakaʻi mua ma Italia.
Ma Florence, ua lohe ka mea kākau o kāna mau hana mua, ʻo Rossini. Ua mahalo ka mea haku mele i ka nani o ka leo, a me ka u'i kakaikahi, a me ka hana kupanaha a ka mea mele. ʻO kekahi haku mele ʻopera, ʻo Bellini, ua pio; ʻO ka mua o ka hana i mālama ʻia ma 1830 ma Venice.
Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ʻo Bellini's Norma ma Dekemaba 26, 1831. Ua hāʻawi ʻo La Scala i kahi hoʻokipa hoihoi ʻaʻole wale i ka Giuditta Pasta kaulana. Ua loaʻa pū i ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Giulia Grisi kāna ʻāpana o ka paʻi. Ua hana ʻo ia i ke kuleana o Adalgisa me ka wiwo ʻole a me ke akamai i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka hana ma "Norma" ua hāʻawi hope i kāna ʻae ʻia ma ke kahua.
Ma hope o kēlā, piʻi koke ʻo Julia i ke alapiʻi o ka kaulana. Hele ʻo ia i ke kapikala o Farani. Ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo kona ʻanakē ʻo Giuseppina, ka mea i lanakila i ka puʻuwai o Napoleona, i alakaʻi i ka hale keaka Italia. Ua hoʻonani ʻia kahi pūʻulu inoa nani i ke kiʻi Parisian: Catalani, Sontag, Pasta, Schröder-Devrient, Louise Viardot, Marie Malibran. Akā ua kōkua ʻo Rossini mana loa i ka mea mele ʻōpio e hoʻopaʻa inoa ma ka Opera Comic. Ua hahai nā hana ma Semiramide, a laila ma Anne Boleyn lāua ʻo Lucrezia Borgia, a ua lanakila ʻo Grisi i nā Parisian koi. ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua neʻe ʻo ia i ke kahua o ka ʻOpera Italia a ʻaʻole koke, ma ka manaʻo o Pasta, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kāna moe aloha ma ka hana ʻana i ka ʻāpana o Norma ma ʻaneʻi.
Mai ia manawa mai, kū ʻo Grisi ma kahi pā me nā hōkū nui loa o kona manawa. Ua kākau kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa: "Ke hīmeni ʻo Malibran, lohe mākou i ka leo o kahi ʻānela, kuhikuhi ʻia i ka lani a piha i ka cascade maoli o nā trills. Ke hoʻolohe ʻoe iā Grisi, ʻike ʻoe i ka leo o kahi wahine e hīmeni wiwo ʻole a ākea - ka leo o ke kāne, ʻaʻole ka ʻohe. ʻO ka mea pono ka pololei. ʻO Julia ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka olakino, manaʻo maikaʻi, piha koko. Ua lilo ʻo ia, i kekahi ʻano, i mea hōʻailona o ke ʻano hou a ʻano maoli o ka hīmeni ʻana.
I ka makahiki 1836, ua lilo ka mea mele i wahine na ka Comte de Melay, akā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻōki i kāna hana noʻeau. Ke kali nei nā lanakila hou iā ia ma nā keaka mele a Bellini ʻo The Pirate, Beatrice di Tenda, Puritani, La sonnambula, Rossini's Otello, The Woman of the Lake, Donizetti's Anna Boleyn, Parisina d'Este, Maria di Rohan, Belisarius. ʻO ka laulā o kona leo i hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻāpana soprano a me ka mezzo-soprano me ka maʻalahi like, a ʻo kona hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo i hiki iā ia ke aʻo i nā hana hou me ka wikiwiki kupaianaha.
ʻO ka huakaʻi ma Lākana i lawe mai i kahi loli i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i kona hopena. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi me ka tenor kaulana ʻo Mario. Ua hoʻokani mua ʻo Julia me ia ma ke kahua o Paris a ma nā salons, kahi i ʻākoakoa ai ke kala holoʻokoʻa o ka Parisian artistic intelligentsia. Akā ma ke kapikala ʻo ʻEnelani, ʻo ia ka manawa mua, ʻike maoli ʻo ia iā Count Giovanni Matteo de Candia - ʻo ia ka inoa maoli o kāna hoa.
ʻO ka helu i kona wā ʻōpiopio, ua haʻalele ʻia nā kuleana ʻohana a me ka ʻāina, ua lilo ia i lālā o ka hui hoʻokuʻu aupuni. Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ka Paris Conservatory, ua hoʻomaka ka helu ʻōpio, ma lalo o ka pseudonym Mario, e hana ma ke kahua. Ua kaulana koke ʻo ia, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia ma ʻEulopa, a hāʻawi i ka hapa nui o kāna mau uku nui i nā poʻe aloha ʻāina ʻo Italia.
Ua aloha ʻo Julia lāua ʻo Mario. ʻAʻole i kū'ē ke kāne a ka mea mele i ka hemoʻana, aʻo nā mea hana kiʻi i ke aloha, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa e hui ai i ko lākou hopena, ua noho kaʻawaleʻole i ke ola wale nō, akā ma ke kahua. ʻO nā hana a ka ʻohana duet i ka operas Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, The Secret Marriage, The Huguenots, a ma hope o ka Il trovatore i hoʻāla ʻia i kahi ovation kū mai ka lehulehu ma nā wahi āpau - ma ʻEnelani, Kelemānia, Sepania, Farani, Italia, ame Amerika. Ua kākau ʻo Gaetano Donizetti no lākou i kekahi o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa a maikaʻi loa, ʻo ka opera Don Pasquale, ka mea i ʻike i ka mālamalama o ka ramp ma Ianuali 3, 1843.
Mai ka makahiki 1849 a hiki i ka makahiki 1853, hana pinepine 'o Grisi, me Mario, ma Rusia. Ua lohe a ʻike ka poʻe Lūkini iā Grisi ma nā kuleana o Semiramide, Norma, Elvira, Rosina, Valentina, Lucrezia Borgia, Donna Anna, Ninetta.
ʻAʻole ka hapa o Semiramide i waena o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa i kākau ʻia e Rossini. Me ka ʻokoʻa o ka hana pōkole a Colbrand i kēia hana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea hana koʻikoʻi ma mua o Grisi. Ua kākau kekahi o ka poʻe loiloi ma nā hana mua o kēia keaka, “ʻAʻohe Semiramide… a i ʻole, inā makemake ʻoe, aia kekahi ʻano haikea, kala ʻole, ola ʻole, ke aliʻi wahine tinsel, ma waena o kāna mau hana ʻaʻohe pilina, a i ʻole. psychological a pae paha. "A i ka hope loa, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia - Semiramis, ka haku wahine hanohano o ka Hikina, kūlana, nānā, hanohano o nā neʻe a me nā poses - ʻAe, ʻo ia kēia! He wahine weliweli, he ʻano nui… "
Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo A. Stakhovich: "Ua hala nā makahiki he kanalima, akā ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke poina i kona ʻike mua ʻana ..." ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo Semiramide, i hele pū ʻia me kahi cortege nani, e kū mālie ana ma ka tutti o ka orchestra. ʻOkoʻa ka hana a Grisi: “… hikiwawe koke mai kekahi wahine puʻupuʻu, lauoho ʻeleʻele, me ka lole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, me nā lima lima ʻole ma nā poʻohiwi; kūlou haʻahaʻa ʻo ia i ke kahuna pule, a huli aʻela ʻo ia me kahi hiʻohiʻona kahiko kupanaha, kū maila i mua o ke anaina me ke kāhāhā o kona nani aliʻi. Hoʻopā ʻia ka hekili, hoʻōho: bravo, bravo! - mai ʻae iā ia e hoʻomaka i ka aria. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Grisi i ke kū ʻana me ka nani me ka nani, i kona kūlana hanohano a ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻopau i kāna hoʻolauna maikaʻi ʻana i ka hana me nā kakaka i ka lehulehu.
ʻO ka hoihoi nui i ka lehulehu o St. Petersburg, ʻo ia ka hana a Grisi ma ka opera I Puritani. A hiki i kēlā manawa, noho mau ʻo E. Frezzolini i ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻole o ka hana a Elvira i nā maka o nā mea aloha mele. Nui ka manaʻo o Grisi. "Ua poina nā hoʻohālikelike a pau…," i kākau ai kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa, "a ua ʻae nā mea a pau ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā mākou kahi Elvira maikaʻi aʻe. ʻO ka nani o kāna pāʻani i hoʻopio i nā mea a pau. Hāʻawi ʻo Grisi i kēia kuleana i nā aka o ka lokomaikaʻi hou, a ʻo ke ʻano o Elvira āna i hana ai e hiki ke lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no nā mea kālai, nā mea pena a me nā haku mele. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ka Farani a me Italia i ka hihia hoʻopaʻapaʻa: inā e lanakila ka hīmeni hoʻokahi i ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka opera, a i ʻole ke ʻano o ke kahua nui i mua - ka pāʻani. ʻO Grisi, ma ke kuleana o Elvira, ua hoʻoholo i ka nīnau no ke kūlana hope loa, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i kahi hana kupaianaha e noho ana ka mea hana i ka wahi mua ma ke kahua. I ka pau ʻana o ka hana mua, ua alakaʻi ʻia e ia ke ʻano o ka pupule me ke akamai kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā waimaka mai ka poʻe nānā makaʻu ʻole, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻo ia i nā mea a pau i kāna talena. Ua maʻa mākou i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pupule o ke kahua e nā pantomimes ʻoi, angular, nā neʻe hewa a me nā maka ʻauwana. Ua aʻo mai ʻo Grisi-Elvira iā mākou e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hanohano a me ka lokomaikaʻi o ka neʻe ʻana i ka pupule. Holo pū ʻo Grisi, lele ʻo ia iā ia iho, kukuli, akā ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia kēia mau mea a pau ... Ma ka hana ʻelua, ma kāna ʻōlelo kaulana: "E hoʻihoʻi mai iaʻu i ka manaʻolana a i ʻole e make wau!" Ua kāhāhā ʻo Grisi i nā mea a pau me kāna kala ʻokoʻa loa o ka hōʻike mele. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei mākou i kona mea ma mua: ua hoʻopā mau kēia huaʻōlelo iā mākou, e like me ka uē o ke aloha ʻole, manaʻolana ʻole. ʻO Grisi, ma ka puka loa, ua ʻike i ka hiki ʻole o ka manaʻolana a me ka mākaukau e make. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nani ma mua o kēia, ʻaʻole mākou i lohe i kekahi mea.
I ka hapa lua o nā makahiki 50, ua hoʻomaka ka maʻi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka leo aniani o Julia Grisi. Ua hakakā ʻo ia, mālama ʻia, hoʻomau i ka hīmeni ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hele pū ka lanakila ma mua me ia. I ka makahiki 1861, ha'alele 'o ia i ke kahua, 'a'ole na'e i pau ka hana 'aha mele.
I ka makahiki 1868, hīmeni ʻo Julia no ka manawa hope loa. Ua hana ʻia ma ka hoʻolewa o Rossini. I loko o ka halepule o Santa Maria del Fiore, me kahi hui mele nui, hana ʻo Grisi lāua ʻo Mario i ka Stabat Mater. ʻO kēia hana ka mea hope loa no ka mea hīmeni. Wahi a ka poʻe o kēia wā, ua kani kona leo i ka nani a me ka naʻau, e like me nā makahiki maikaʻi loa.
He mau mahina ma hope mai, ua make koke kāna mau kaikamāhine ʻelua, a ukali ʻia e Giulia Grisi i ka lā 29 o Nowemapa, 1869.
