Francesco Tamagno |
Francesco Tamagno
Laki ka mea haʻi moʻolelo maikaʻi ʻo Irakli Andronnikov i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kamaʻilio. I kekahi manawa, ʻo kona hoalauna i loko o ka lumi haukapila he mea hoʻokani Lūkini kaulana ʻo Alexander Ostuzhev. Ua lōʻihi nā lā ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ke kuleana o Othello - kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa i ka hana a ka mea pena. A laila haʻi ʻo Ostuzhev i kahi moʻolelo hoihoi i kahi interlocutor.
I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ua huakaʻi ka mea mele Italia kaulana ʻo Francesco Tamagno i Moscow, nāna i kāhāhā i nā mea a pau me kāna hana ʻana i ke kuleana o Otello i ka opera Verdi o ka inoa like. ʻO ka mana paʻa o ka leo o ka mea mele i hiki ke lohe ʻia ma ke alanui, a ʻo nā haumāna i loaʻa ʻole ke kālā no ka tiketi, hele mai i ka lehulehu i ka hale keaka e hoʻolohe i ka haku nui. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua o ka hana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Tamagno i kona umauma me kahi corset kūikawā i ʻole e hanu hohonu. No kāna pāʻani, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ke kiʻi hope loa me ke akamai i lele ai ka poʻe i luna mai ko lākou mau noho i ka manawa i "hou" ai ka mea mele i kona umauma me kahi pahi. Ua hala ʻo ia i kēia kuleana ma mua o ka hoʻomaka mua (ʻo Tamagno ka mea i komo i ka honua premiere) me ka haku mele ponoʻī. Ua mālama ka poʻe ʻike maka i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ke akamai o Verdi i ka mea mele i ka hou ʻana. Ua waiho ʻo Tamagno i kahi hōʻailona hiki ʻole i ka poʻe aloha keaka a me nā mea pena kiʻi Lūkini.
ʻO KS Stanislavsky, ka mea i hele i ka Mamontov Opera, kahi i hoʻokani ai ka mea mele i ka makahiki 1891, he mau hoʻomanaʻo i kahi manaʻo poina ʻole o kāna mele: "Ma mua o kāna hana mua ma Moscow, ʻaʻole lawa ʻo ia i hoʻolaha ʻia. Ke kali nei lākou i kahi mele maikaʻi - ʻaʻole hou. Ua puka mai ʻo Tamagno i ka ʻaʻahu o Othello, me kāna kiʻi nui o ke kino ikaika, a ua kuli koke ʻo ia me kahi leka hoʻopau loa. Ua hilinaʻi ka lehulehu i hope, e like me ke kanaka hoʻokahi, me he mea lā e pale ana iā lākou iho mai ka haʻalulu pūpū. ʻO ka lua o ka memo - ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻo ke kolu, ʻehā - ʻoi aku a ʻoi aku - a i ka wā, e like me ke ahi mai ka lua, lele ka memo hope i ka huaʻōlelo "Muslim-aa-nee", ua nalowale ka ʻike no kekahi mau minuke. Lele mākou a pau. Ua ʻimi nā hoaaloha i kekahi i kekahi. Huli nā malihini i nā malihini me ka nīnau hoʻokahi: “Ua lohe ʻoe? He aha ia?”. Ua kū ka orkestra. Huikau ma ke kahua. Aka, me ka hikiwawe, i ka ike ana i ko lakou manao, ua holo ka lehulehu i ke kahua a uwo me ka olioli, e koi ana i ka encore. ʻO Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mea mele. Eia kāna haʻi ʻana ma kāna memoir "Pages from My Life" e pili ana i kāna kipa ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo La Scala i ka pūnāwai o 1901 (kahi i mele lanakila ai ka bass nui ma ka "Mephistopheles" a Boito) i mea e hoʻolohe ai i ka mea mele koʻikoʻi: “I ka hope, ua puka mai ʻo Tamagno. Ua hoʻomākaukau ka mea kākau [ka haku mele poina ʻia ʻo I. Lara ma kāna keaka mele ʻo Messalina ka mea mele - ed.] i kahi huaʻōlelo hoʻopuka kupaianaha nona. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka lehulehu. He ʻokoʻa ʻo Tamagno, ʻōlelo wau, leo kahiko. Kiʻekiʻe, wiwi, nani ʻo ia me ka mea pena e like me ke mele ʻokoʻa.
ʻO Felia Litvin kaulana hoʻi i mahalo i keʻano o ka Italian koʻikoʻi, i hōʻike maikaʻiʻia ma kāna puke "My Life and My Art": "Ua lohe pū wau iā "William Tell" me F. Tamagno ma ke kuleana o Arnold. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehewehe i ka nani o kona leo, kona ikaika maoli. Ua hauʻoli ka ʻekolu a me ka aria "O Matilda". Ma ke ʻano he mea hana ʻino, ʻaʻohe like o Tamagno. "
ʻO Valentin Serov ka mea pena Lūkini nui, ka mea i mahalo i ka mea mele mai kona noho ʻana ma Italia, kahi i hoʻolohe ai ʻo ia iā ia, a hui pinepine me ia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Mamontov, pena ʻo ia i kāna kiʻi, a lilo ia i mea maikaʻi loa i ka hana a ka mea pena ( 1891, kau inoa i ka makahiki 1893). Ua loaʻa iā Serov kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona (e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke poʻo me ka haʻaheo), e hōʻike pono ana i ke ʻano noʻeau o ka Italia.
Hiki ke hoʻomau kēia mau hoʻomanaʻo. Ua kipa pinepine ka mea mele iā Rusia (ʻaʻole wale ma Moscow, akā ma St. Petersburg i 1895-96). ʻOi aku ka hoihoi i kēia manawa, i nā lā o ka makahiki 150 o ka mea mele, e hoʻomanaʻo i kāna ala hana.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Turin i ka lā 28 o Dekemaba, 1850 a ʻo ia kekahi o nā keiki 15 i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi hale hoʻokipa. I kona wā ʻōpiopio, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he apereniti kahu palaoa, a laila ma ke ʻano he locksmith. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ka hīmeni ʻana ma Turin me C. Pedrotti, ka mea hoʻokani pila o ka Regio Theatre. A laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokani ma ka papa himeni o kēia hale keaka. Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pūʻali koa, hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma Milan. ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o ka mea mele i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1869 ma Palermo ma ka opera a Donizetti "Polyeuctus" (kahi o Nearco, ke alakaʻi o nā Karistiano Armenian). Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia e hana i nā hana liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka makahiki 1874, a hiki i ka hopena, ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Palermo "Massimo" i hiki mai iā ia ma ke ʻano o Richard (Riccardo) i ka opera a Verdi "Un ballo in maschera". Mai ia manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka mea mele ʻōpio a kaulana. I ka makahiki 1877, ua ho'omaka 'o ia i kona ho'omaka 'ana ma La Scala (Vasco da Gama ma Meyerbeer's Le Africane), i ka makahiki 1880, ua hīmeni 'o ia ma laila i ka po'okela honua o Ponchielli's opera The Prodigal Son. mana o ka opera a Verdi Simon Boccanegra, i ka makahiki 1881 ua komo 'o ia i ka mua o ka 1884nd (Italia) edition o Don Carlos (ke poʻo inoa).
I ka makahiki 1889, hoʻokani ka mea mele no ka manawa mua ma Lākana. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, hīmeni ʻo ia i ka hapa o Arnold ma "William Tell" (kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa i kāna ʻoihana) ma Chicago (ʻAmelika mua). ʻO ka hoʻokō kiʻekiʻe loa o Tamagno ʻo ia ke kuleana o Othello i ka honua mua o ka opera (1887, La Scala). Nui nā mea i kākau ʻia e pili ana i kēia premiere, me ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, a me ka lanakila, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka haku mele a me ka librettist (A.Boito), i kūpono ʻia e Tamagno (Othello), Victor Morel (Iago) a Romilda Pantaleoni (Desdemona). Ma hope o ka hana, hoʻopuni ka lehulehu i ka hale kahi e noho ai ka haku mele. Hele akula ʻo Verdi ma luna o ka lanai i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā hoaaloha. Aia ka leo o Tamagno "Esultate!". Ua pane mai ka lehulehu me hoʻokahi tausani leo.
ʻO ke kuleana o Othello i hana ʻia e Tamagno ua lilo i mea kaulana i ka mōʻaukala o ka opera. Ua paipai ʻia ka mea mele e Rusia, ʻAmelika (1890, hoʻomaka ma ka Metropolitan Theatre), ʻEnelani (1895, hoʻomaka ma Covent Garden), Kelemānia (Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Cologne), Vienna, Prague, ʻaʻole e haʻi i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Italia.
Ma waena o nā hui ʻē aʻe i hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia e ka mea mele ʻo Ernani i ka opera a Verdi o ka inoa like, ʻo Edgar (Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor), Enzo (La Gioconda na Ponchielli), Raul (Meyerbeer's Huguenots). John of Leiden (“The Prophet” by Meyerbeer), Samson (“Samson and Delila” by Saint-Saens). I ka pau ʻana o kāna ʻoihana hīmeni, hoʻokani ʻo ia ma nā ʻāpana veristic. I ka makahiki 1903, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana a me nā aria mai nā keaka i hana ʻia e Tamagno ma nā moʻolelo. I ka makahiki 1904 ua haʻalele ka mea mele i ke kahua. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua komo ʻo ia i ke ola politika o kāna kamaʻāina ʻo Turin, holo no ke koho balota o ke kūlanakauhale (1904). Ua make ʻo Tamagno ma ʻAukake 31, 1905 ma Varese.
Loaʻa iā Tamagno ke kālena ʻoi loa o ka tenor dramatic, me kahi leo ikaika a me ka leo paʻa i nā papa inoa āpau. I kekahi ʻano, ua lilo kēia (me nā mea maikaʻi) i kahi hemahema. No laila ʻo Verdi, e ʻimi ana i kahi moho kūpono no ke kuleana o Othello, i kākau: "Ma nā ʻano he nui, kūpono loa ʻo Tamagno, akā i nā mea he nui, ʻaʻole kūpono ʻo ia. Aia nā huaʻōlelo legated ākea a lōʻihi e pono e lawelawe ʻia ma ka mezza voche, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ... Ke hopohopo nui nei iaʻu. Ma ka haʻi ʻana i kāna puke "Vocal Parallels" i kēia huaʻōlelo mai ka leka a Verdi i ka mea hoʻopuka ʻo Giulio Ricordi, ka mea mele kaulana ʻo G. Lauri-Volpi i ʻōlelo hou aku: "Ua hoʻohana ʻo Tamagno, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka sonority o kona leo, nā sinuses nasal, hoʻopiha iā lākou. me ka ea ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pale palatine a hoʻohana i ka hanu diaphragmatic-abdominal. ʻO ka mea hiki ʻole ke hele mai a hoʻokomo ʻia ka emphysema o nā māmā, a ʻo ia ka mea i koi iā ia e haʻalele i ke kahua i ka manawa gula a lawe koke iā ia i ka lua kupapaʻu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o kekahi hoa hana ma ka papa hana hīmeni, a ua ʻike ʻia lākou he ʻike e like me ka manaʻo ʻana i kā lākou mau hoa hana. ʻAʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia mai ka Italia nui ʻaʻole i ka nani o ke kani, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ke akamai o ka hanu ʻana a me ka ʻōlelo kūpono ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ke ʻano.
Ua komo mau kāna hana kiʻi i loko o ka waihona o ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina opera kahiko.
E. Tsoodokov
