Martti Talvela (Martti Talvela) |
Martti Talvela
Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Finland i ka honua i nā mea mele a me nā mele, mai ka moʻolelo ʻo Aino Akte a i ka hōkū ʻo Karita Mattila. Akā ʻo ka mea hīmeni Finnish ka mea mua a me ka poʻokela, ʻo ke kuʻuna hīmeni Finnish mai Kim Borg i hoʻoili ʻia mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna me nā bass. E kūʻē i ka Mediterranean "ʻekolu tenors", ua hoʻokumu ʻo Holland i ʻekolu countertenors, Finland - ʻekolu basses: Matti Salminen, Jaakko Ryuhanen a me Johan Tilly i hoʻopaʻa pū i kahi disc like. Ma kēia kaulahao kuʻuna, ʻo Martti Talvela ka loulou gula.
ʻO ka bass Finnish maʻamau i ka helehelena, ke ʻano leo, repertoire, i kēia lā, ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki ma hope o kona make ʻana, he moʻolelo ʻo ia no ka opera Finnish.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Martti Olavi Talvela ma Pepeluali 4, 1935 ma Karelia, ma Hiitol. Akā ʻaʻole i noho lōʻihi kona ʻohana ma laila, no ka mea ma muli o ke "kaua hoʻoilo" o 1939-1940, ua lilo kēia ʻāpana o Karelia i kahi palena palena paʻa ma ka ʻāina o ka Soviet Union. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea mele ke kipa hou i kona mau wahi hānau, ʻoiai ua kipa ʻo ia iā Rūsia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa. Ma Moscow, ua lohe ʻia ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1976, i ka wā i hana ai ʻo ia i kahi ʻaha mele ma ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka makahiki 200 o ka Bolshoi Theatre. A laila, hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, hele hou mai ʻo ia, hīmeni i ka hana keaka o nā mōʻī ʻelua - ʻo Boris lāua ʻo Pilipo.
ʻO ka ʻoihana mua a Talvela he kumu. Ma muli o ka makemake o ka hopena, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi diploma kumu ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Savonlinna, kahi i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hīmeni nui ʻo ia a no ka manawa lōʻihi e alakaʻi i ka ʻaha mele nui loa ma Scandinavia. Ua hoʻomaka kāna ʻoihana mele i ka makahiki 1960 me ka lanakila ma ka hoʻokūkū ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Vasa. Ma hope o kāna hana mua ʻana i ka makahiki hoʻokahi ma Stockholm e like me Sparafucile, hīmeni ʻo Talvela ma laila no ʻelua makahiki ma ka Royal Opera, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana i kāna mau haʻawina.
Ua hoʻomaka koke ka hana honua a Martti Talvela - ua lilo koke ka pilikua Finnish i mea ʻike honua. I ka makahiki 1962, ua hana ʻo ia ma Bayreuth ma ke ʻano he Titurel - a ua lilo ʻo Bayreuth i hoʻokahi o kāna mau hale kau wela. I ka makahiki 1963 ʻo ia ʻo Grand Inquisitor ma La Scala, ma 1965 ʻo ia ʻo King Heinrich ma Vienna Staatsoper, ma 19 ʻo Hunding ʻo ia ma Salzburg, ma 7 ʻo ia ʻo Grand Inquisitor ma Met. Mai kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki, ʻo kāna mau hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni nui ʻo Deutsche Oper a me ka Metropolitan Opera, a ʻo nā ʻāpana nui ʻo nā mōʻī Wagnerian ʻo Mark lāua ʻo Daland, ʻo Verdi's Philip a me Fiesco, Mozart's Sarastro.
Ua hīmeni ʻo Talvela me nā alakaʻi nui a pau o kona manawa - me Karajan, Solti, Knappertsbusch, Levine, Abbado. Pono e koho ʻia ʻo Karl Böhm - hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Talvela he mele mele Böhm. ʻAʻole wale no ka hoʻokani pinepine ʻana o ka bass Finnish me Böhm a hana i kāna mau mele mele maikaʻi loa a me ka oratorio me ia: Fidelio me Gwyneth Jones, The Four Seasons me Gundula Janowitz, Don Giovanni me Fischer-Dieskau, Birgit Nilsson a me Martina Arroyo, Rhine Gold , Tristan und Isolde me Birgit Nilsson, Wolfgang Windgassen a me Christa Ludwig. Ua pili loa nā mea hoʻokani mele ʻelua i ko lākou ʻano hoʻokani, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana, ʻike maoli ʻia kahi hui pū ʻana o ka ikehu a me ke kaohi ʻana, kekahi ʻano o ka makemake maoli no ka classicism, no kahi hana dramaturgy impeccably harmonious, i kūkulu ʻia kēlā me kēia mea ma luna o kāna iho. ʻāina.
Ua pane aku nā lanakila haole o Talvela ma ka home me kahi mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mahalo makapō no ka hoa aloha kaulana. No Finland, ʻo nā makahiki o ka hana a Talvela nā makahiki o ka "opera boom". ʻAʻole kēia wale ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻolohe a me ka nānā ʻana i ka lehulehu, ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻoihana semi-private semi-state liʻiliʻi ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale he nui, ka ulu ʻana o kahi kula leo, ka hoʻomaka o ka hanauna holoʻokoʻa o nā alakaʻi opera. ʻO kēia hoʻi ka huahana o nā haku mele, i maʻa mua, ʻike pono iā ia iho. I ka makahiki 2000, ma kahi ʻāina o 5 miliona mau kānaka, ua hana ʻia he 16 o nā opera hou - he hana mana e hoʻāla ai i ka lili. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana nui ʻo Martti Talvela - ma kāna hiʻohiʻona, kona kaulana, kāna kulekele naʻauao ma Savonlinna.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka ʻahaʻaina opera kauwela ma ka pā kaua ʻo Olavinlinna he 500 mau makahiki, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Savonlinna, i ka makahiki 1907 e Aino Akte. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻopau ʻia, a laila hoʻomaka hou, e hakakā ana me ka ua, ka makani (ʻaʻohe hale hilinaʻi ma luna o ka pā hale paʻa kahi e mālama ʻia ai nā hana a hiki i ke kauwela hope loa) a me nā pilikia kālā pau ʻole - ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kahi lehulehu opera. mawaena o na ululaau a me na loko. Ua lawe ʻo Talvela i ka ʻahaʻaina i ka makahiki 1972 a ua alakaʻi iā ia no ʻewalu makahiki. He wā hoʻoholo kēia; ʻO Savonlinna ka opera mecca o Scandinavia mai ia manawa mai. Ua hana ʻo Talvela ma ʻaneʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hana keaka, hāʻawi i ka ʻahaʻaina i kahi ʻano honua, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pōʻaiapili opera honua. ʻO nā hopena o kēia kulekele ke kaulana o nā hana i loko o ka pā kaua ma mua o nā palena o Finland, ka nui o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, i kēia lā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka noho paʻa o ka ʻahaʻaina.
Ma Savonlinna, ua hīmeni ʻo Talvela i kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa: ʻO Boris Godunov, ke kāula ʻo Paavo ma Jonas Kokkonen's The Last Temptation. A ʻo kekahi hana koʻikoʻi: Sarastro. ʻO ka hana ʻana o The Magic Flute, i hana ʻia ma Savonlinna i ka makahiki 1973 e ka luna alakaʻi ʻo August Everding a me ke alakaʻi ʻo Ulf Söderblom, ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā hōʻailona o ka ʻahaʻaina. I loko o ka repertoire o kēia lā, ʻo The Flute ka hana mahalo nui ʻia e hoʻōla hou ʻia nei (ʻoiai ke ola nei kahi hana kakaʻikahi ma ʻaneʻi no nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha). Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Talvela-Sarastro nani i loko o ka ʻaʻahu ʻalani, me ka lā ma kona umauma, i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka makua kāne kaʻao o Savonlinna, a he 38 ona makahiki (ua hīmeni ʻo ia iā Titurel ma 27)! I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo o Talvel ma ke ʻano he monumental, paʻa ʻole, me he mea lā e pili ana i nā pā a me nā hale kiaʻi o Olavinlinna. He wahahee ka manao. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, aia nā wikiō o kahi mea pena kiʻi maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki. A aia nā leo hoʻopaʻa leo e hāʻawi i ke kiʻi ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mea mele, ʻoi loa i ka repertoire keʻena - Martti Talvela mele keʻena mele ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia manawa, ma waena o nā hana keaka, akā mau, hāʻawi mau i nā ʻahamele a puni ka honua. ʻO kāna repertoire nā mele na Sibelius, Brahms, Wolf, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff. A pehea ʻoe i hīmeni ai i mea e lanakila ai ʻo Vienna me nā mele a Schubert i ka waena o ka makahiki 1960? ʻO ia paha ke ʻano o kāna hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka The Winter Journey me ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Ralph Gotoni (1983). Hōʻike ʻo Talvela ma aneʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka leo o ka pōpoki, ka naʻau kupaianaha a me ka wikiwiki kupaianaha o ka pane ʻana i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi loa o ka kikokikona mele. A me ka ikaika nui. Ke hoʻolohe nei i kēia hoʻopaʻa leo, ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o kona alakaʻi ʻana i ka piano. ʻO ka manaʻo ma hope ona, ka heluhelu, subtext, form and dramaturgy mai iā ia, a ma kēlā me kēia memo o kēia unuhi mele hoʻohiwahiwa e hiki ai i kekahi ke manaʻo i ka naʻauao naʻauao i hoʻohanohano mau iā Talvela.
ʻO kekahi o nā kiʻi maikaʻi loa o ka mea mele no kāna hoaaloha a me kāna hoa hana ʻo Yevgeny Nesterenko. I kekahi manawa ua kipa ʻo Nesterenko i kahi bass Finnish ma kona hale ma Inkilyanhovi. Aia ma ke kahakai o ka loko, he "hale ʻauʻau ʻeleʻele", i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi o 150 mau makahiki i hala aku nei: "Ua lawe mākou i ka ʻauʻau mahu, a laila hele maoli mākou i kahi kamaʻilio. Noho mākou ma luna o nā pōhaku, ʻelua kāne ʻōlohelohe. A ke kamaʻilio nei mākou. E pili ana i ke aha? ʻO ia ka mea nui! Nīnau ʻo Martti, no ka laʻana, pehea wau e wehewehe ai i ka Shostakovich's Fourteenth Symphony. A eia nā mele a me nā hula o ka make a Mussorgsky: ʻelua kāu leo leo - ʻo ka mua āu i hana ai ma kēia ʻano, a ʻo ka lua ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe. No ke aha, he aha ka wehewehe. A laila. Ke haʻi aku nei au i koʻu ola ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kahi manawa e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i ke kiʻi me nā mea mele. Kūkākūkā mākou i kekahi mea, akā ʻaʻole pili i nā pilikia o ke kiʻi. Akā me Martti ua kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i ke kiʻi! Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i kahi mea ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka hewa, akā e pili ana i ka ʻike. Pēlā mākou i hoʻopau ai i ka manawa ma hope o ka ʻauʻau.
ʻO kēia paha ke kiʻi paʻa pololei loa - he kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi symphony Shostakovich i loko o kahi ʻauʻau Finnish. No ka mea, ʻo Martti Talvela, me kāna mau ākea ākea a me kāna moʻomeheu nui, i kāna mele ʻana i hui pū ʻia ka mākau Kelemania o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka kikokikona me ka cantilena Italia, ua noho ʻo ia i kahi kiʻi exotic i ka honua opera. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia kiʻi iā ia ma "Abduction from the Seraglio" i alakaʻi ʻia e August Everding, kahi i hīmeni ai ʻo Talvela iā Osmina. He aha ko Tureke a me Karelia? ʻAnoʻi. Aia kekahi mea primal, mana, maka a me ka ʻino e pili ana iā Osmin Talvely, ʻo kāna hiʻohiʻona me Blondchen he mea hana nui.
ʻO kēia kiʻi exotic no ke Komohana, barbaric, hele pū me ka mea mele, ʻaʻole i nalowale i nā makahiki. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ua kū aʻe a ʻoi aku ka maopopo, a ma hope o ka Wagnerian, Mozartian, Verdiian kuleana, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka hana o ka "bass Russian". I nā makahiki 1960 a i ʻole 1970, hiki ke lohe ʻia ʻo Talvela ma ka Metropolitan Opera ma kahi kokoke i nā repertoire: i kekahi manawa ʻo ia ka Grand Inquisitor ma Don Carlos ma lalo o ka baton o Abbado (Hīmeni ʻia ʻo Philippa e Nikolai Gyaurov, a ua ʻike ʻia kā lākou bass duet ma ke ʻano he classic), a laila ʻo ia, me Teresa Stratas a me Nikolai Gedda, ʻike ʻia ma The Bartered Bride i alakaʻi ʻia e Levine. Akā i kāna mau kau hope ʻehā, hele mai ʻo Talvela i New York no ʻekolu mau inoa: Khovanshchina (me Neeme Jarvi), Parsifal (me Levine), Khovanshchina hou a me Boris Godunov (me Conlon). Dositheus, Titurel a me Boris. ʻOi aku ma mua o iwakālua mau makahiki o ka hui pū ʻana me ka "Met" i pau me ʻelua mau hui Lūkini.
Ma ka lā 16 o Kekemapa, 1974, hīmeni lanakila ʻo Talvela iā Boris Godunov ma ka Metropolitan Opera. A laila huli ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka hui mele mua a Mussorgsky no ka manawa mua (ʻo Thomas Schippers i alakaʻi ʻia). ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia kēia paʻi ma Katowice, alakaʻi ʻia e Jerzy Semkow. Hoʻopuni ʻia e ka hui Polani, hīmeni ʻo Martti Talvela iā Boris, hīmeni ʻo Nikolai Gedda i ka Pretender.
He mea hoihoi loa keia komo ana. Ua hoʻi hou lākou i ka mana o ka mea kākau, akā ke mele a pāʻani nei lākou me he mea lā ua kākau ʻia ka helu e ka lima o Rimsky-Korsakov. Nani ka leo o ka papa himeni a me ka orkestra, piha, piha loa, hemolele loa, hīmeni ʻia ka cantilena, a ʻo Semkov pinepine, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā hiʻohiʻona Polani, kauo i nā mea a pau a huki i ka tempo. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ʻo Martti Talvela ka maikaʻi ʻo "Central European". Ke kūkulu hou nei ʻo ia i kāna ʻāpana, e like me ka mea hana keaka. I ke ʻano o ka poni ʻana, kani ke kani ʻana o kahi bass aliʻi - hohonu, ʻeleʻele, nui. A he wahi o ka "lahui kala": he wahi liʻiliʻi o dashing intonations, i loko o ka hua'ōlelo "A ma laila e kāhea aku i ka poʻe i ka ahaaina" - koa wiwoʻole. Akā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Talvela me ke aliʻi a me ka wiwo ʻole me ka mihi ʻole. I ka manawa e alo ai ʻo Boris me Shuisky, ua loli nui ke ʻano. ʻAʻole kēia ʻo ka "kamaʻilio" a Chaliapin, ʻo ke mele hoʻokani a Talvela - akā ʻo Sprechgesang. Hoʻomaka koke ʻo Talvela i kahi hiʻohiʻona me Shuisky me ka hoʻoikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika, ʻaʻole no ka lua e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka wela. He aha ka hope? Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka pāʻani ʻana o nā chimes, e hoʻomaka kahi phantasmagoria maikaʻi loa i ka ʻuhane o ka expressionism, a ʻo Jerzy Semkov, ka mea i hoʻololi i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona me Talvela-Boris, e hāʻawi iā mākou i Mussorgsky e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā - me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopā iki ʻana. awelika hoʻonaʻauao.
Aia ma kahi o kēia hiʻohiʻona he hiʻohiʻona i loko o ke keʻena me Xenia lāua ʻo Theodore, a me kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka make (me Theodore hou), a Talvela e hui like ʻole ai kekahi i kekahi me ke kani o kona leo, ʻo kēlā mehana kūikawā o ke kani, ka mea huna. ia ia. Ma ke mele ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i kekahi i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua o Boris me nā keiki, ʻike ʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka tsar me nā ʻano o kona ʻano ponoʻī. A i ka hopena, ua kaumaha ʻo ia i ka nani a me ka piha o ka "E" kiʻekiʻe (i loaʻa iā ia he nani, i ka manawa like me ka māmā a me ka piha) no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kiʻi ... A ma o ka ʻōlelo a Boris, ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole. ʻAe, nānā nā "moʻolelo" a Wagner - hoʻomanaʻo ʻole kekahi i hoʻokani ʻo Mussorgsky ma ka puʻuwai i ke ʻano o ko Wotan aloha aloha iā Brunnhilde.
ʻO ka poʻe bassist Western o kēia mau lā e hīmeni nui nei iā Mussorgsky, ʻo Robert Hall paha kahi kokoke loa iā Talvela: ʻo ka makemake like, ka manaʻo like, ka nānā ʻana i kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo, ʻo ka ikaika like a nā mea mele ʻelua e ʻimi ai i ke ʻano a hoʻoponopono i nā leo ʻōlelo. Ua koi ʻo Talvela iā ia e nānā i nā kikoʻī āpau o ka hana me ka analytically.
I ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻokani pinepine ʻia nā bass Lūkini ma ke Komohana, ua manaʻo ʻo Martti Talvela e pani iā lākou ma kāna mau ʻāpana Lūkini. Loaʻa iā ia ka ʻikepili kūʻokoʻa no kēia - kahi ulu nui, kahi kūkulu ikaika, kahi leo nui a ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike kāna mau wehewehe i ka nui o kona komo ʻana i nā mea huna o Chaliapin - Ua haʻi mua ʻo Yevgeny Nesterenko iā mākou pehea i hiki ai iā Martti Talvela ke hoʻolohe i nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kāna mau hoa. He kanaka no ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa a he mele hoʻi i ʻike maikaʻi i ka ʻenehana ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokomo paha ʻo Talvela i kā mākou moeʻuhane no kahi bass Lūkini maikaʻi loa i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kā mākou mau hoa. A ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Karelia, ma ka ʻāina o ke aupuni Lūkini kahiko a me ka Russian Federation i kēia manawa, i kēlā manawa pōkole pōkole i ka wā ʻo Finnish kēia ʻāina.
ʻO Anna Bulycheva, Nui Magazine o ka Bolshoi Theatre, No. 2, 2001
