Désirée Artôt |

Makemake ʻo Artot

ʻO Artaud, he mele Palani no Belgian kumu, nona ka leo kakaikahi, hana ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana mezzo-soprano, dramatic a me lyric-coloratura soprano.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Desiree Artaud de Padilla (inoa kaikamahine ʻo Marguerite Josephine Montaney) ma Iulai 21, 1835. Mai ka makahiki 1855 ua aʻo ʻo ia me M. Odran. Ma hope mai ua hele ʻo ia i kahi kula maikaʻi loa ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Pauline Viardo-Garcia. I kēlā manawa hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele ma nā kahua o Belgium, Holland a me ʻEnelani.

I ka makahiki 1858, ua hoʻomaka ka mea mele ʻōpio i kāna hana mua ma Paris Grand Opera (Meyerbeer's The Prophet) a ua lawe koke ʻo ia i ke kūlana primadona. A laila hana ʻo Artaud ma nā ʻāina like ʻole ma ke kahua a ma ke kahua ʻaha mele.

I ka makahiki 1859, ua lanakila 'o ia me ka Lorini Opera Company ma Italia. I ka makahiki 1859-1860 ua huaka'i 'o ia i Ladana ma ke 'ano he mele 'aha mele. Ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1863, 1864 a me 1866, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma "foggy Albion" ma ke ʻano he mele keaka.

Ma Rūsia, ua hoʻokō ʻo Artaud me ka lanakila nui ma nā hana o ka ʻOpera Italia ʻo Moscow (1868-1870, 1875/76) a me St. Petersburg (1871/72, 1876/77).

Ua hele mai ʻo Artaud i Rūsia ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana i ka kaulana ʻEulopa. ʻO ka laulā o kona leo i hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana soprano a me mezzo-soprano. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i ka nani o ka coloratura me ke keaka hōʻike o kāna mele. ʻO Donna Anna ma Mozart's Don Giovanni, Rosina ma Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Violetta, Gilda, Aida ma Verdi's operas, Valentina in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, Marguerite in Gounod's Faust - ua hana ʻo ia i kēia mau hana a pau me ke mele a me ke akamai. . ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i kāna mau mea akamai e like me Berlioz a me Meyerbeer.

I ka makahiki 1868, ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Artaud ma ke kahua o Moscow, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i mea hoʻonani o ka hui opera Italia ʻo Merelli. Eia ka moʻolelo o ka mea hoʻokani mele kaulana ʻo G. Laroche: “Ua haku ʻia ka hui me nā mea pena kiʻi o ka ʻāpana ʻelima a me ke ono, ʻaʻohe leo, ʻaʻohe kālena; ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia wale nō kahi kaikamahine he kanakolu makahiki me ka helehelena ʻino a me ka huhū, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomaka e piʻi i ke kaumaha a laila ʻelemakule koke ma ka helehelena a me ka leo. Ma mua o kona hōʻea ʻana i Moscow, ʻelua mau kūlanakauhale - Berlin a me Warsaw - aloha nui iā ia. Akā, ʻaʻohe wahi, me he mea lā, ua hoʻāla ʻo ia i ka leo nui a me ke aloha e like me Moscow. No ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpio mele i kēlā manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi no Pyotr Ilyich, ʻo Artaud, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ʻano o ka hīmeni ʻana, ke akua wahine o ka opera, e hui pū ana i nā makana i hoʻopuehu pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole. Me ka hoʻokani piano maikaʻi ʻole a loaʻa iā ia ka leo maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻo ia i ka lehulehu me nā pahu ahi o nā trills a me nā unahi, a he mea pono e haʻi ʻia he hapa nui o kāna repertoire i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i kēia ʻaoʻao virtuoso o ke akamai; aka, me he mea la, ua hookiekie ae ka ikaika a me ka poema o ka hoike ana i na mele kumu i kekahi manawa i ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka leo ʻōpio, ʻoʻoleʻa iki o kona leo i hanu i ka nani hiki ʻole ke haʻi ʻia, kani ʻo ia hoʻi me ka mālama ʻole a me ke kuko. He ʻino ʻo Artaud; akā, e kuhihewa loa ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo me ka pilikia nui, ma o nā mea huna o ke akamai a me ka halepaku, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hakakā i ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i hana ʻia e kona helehelena. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i nā naʻau a ua hoʻopololei i ka noʻonoʻo me ka nani maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo kupaianaha o ke kino, ka ʻili a me ka maikaʻi o nā neʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ka nani o nā lima a me ka ʻāʻī ʻo ia wale nō ka mea kaua: no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maka, he mea kupanaha ka nani.

No laila, ʻo Tchaikovsky i waena o nā mea mahalo nui loa o ka primadona Farani. “ʻOku ou ongoʻi ʻoku fie maʻu,” ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi kia Brother Modest, “ke ne fakahaaʻi ʻeku ngaahi ongoʻi ʻi ho lotó. Inā 'oe i 'ike i ke 'ano o ka mea mele a me ka mea hana keaka Artaud. ʻAʻole au i mahalo nui ʻia e kekahi mea pena e like me kēia manawa. A ke minamina nei au i kou lohe ʻana a ʻike iā ia! Pehea ʻoe e mahalo ai i kāna mau ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o nā neʻe a me nā kūlana!

Ua lilo ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka male. Ua kākau ʻo Tchaikovsky i kona makuakāne: "Ua hālāwai au me Artaud i ka pūnāwai, akā hoʻokahi wale nō wau i hālāwai ai, ma hope o kona pōmaikaʻi i ka ʻaina ahiahi. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana mai i kēia hāʻule, ʻaʻole au i kipa iki aku iā ia no hoʻokahi mahina. Ua hui wale makou ma ia ahiahi mele hookahi; ua haʻi maila ʻo ia i ka haʻohaʻo ʻaʻole au i kipa aku iā ia, ua hoʻohiki wau e kipa aku iā ia, akā ʻaʻole wau e hoʻokō i kaʻu ʻōlelo hoʻohiki (no koʻu hiki ʻole ke kamaʻilio hou) inā ʻaʻole ʻo Anton Rubinstein, e hele ana ma Moscow, ʻaʻole au i kauo iaʻu i ona lā. . Mai ia manawa, kokoke i nā lā a pau, ua hoʻomaka wau e loaʻa nā leka kono mai iā ia, a liʻiliʻi iki wau i ka hele ʻana iā ia i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua hoʻā koke mākou i nā manaʻo ʻoluʻolu loa no kekahi i kekahi, a ua ukali koke ʻia nā haʻi like ʻole. ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ka nīnau no ka mare ʻana i ke kānāwai, kahi o kāua i makemake nui ai a e hana ʻia i ke kauwela, inā ʻaʻohe mea e keʻakeʻa ai. Akā ʻo ia ka ikaika, aia kekahi mau pilikia. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kona makuahine, ka mea e noho mau ana me ia a he mana koʻikoʻi i kāna kaikamahine, ke kūʻē nei i ka male ʻana, me ka ʻike ʻana he ʻōpiopio loa wau no kāna kaikamahine, a, ma ke ʻano āpau, hopohopo e koi aku au iā ia e noho i Rusia. ʻO ka lua, ʻo koʻu mau hoaaloha, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo N. Rubinstein, e hoʻohana i nā hana ikaika loa i hiki ʻole iaʻu ke hoʻokō i ka papahana male i manaʻo ʻia. Ke olelo mai nei lakou, ua lilo au i kane na ka mea mele kaulana, e hookani au i ka hana poino loa o ke kane a ka'u wahine, oia hoi, e hahai au iaia a hiki i na kihi a pau o Europa, e noho ana ma kona lilo, e lilo ana au i ka ma'a, aole e lilo. hiki iā ia ke hana… He mea hiki ke pale i ka hiki ʻana mai o kēia pōʻino ma o kāna hoʻoholo ʻana e haʻalele i ke kahua a noho i Rūsia - akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ʻoiai ʻo kona aloha nui iaʻu, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo e haʻalele i ke kahua āna e noho ai. maʻa a ʻo ia ka mea e kaulana ai a me kāna kālā… Oiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo e haʻalele i ke kahua, ke kānalua nei au e hāʻawi i koʻu wā e hiki mai ana nona, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe kānalua e hoʻonele ʻia iaʻu ka manawa e hele ai i mua. ko'u ala ke hahai makapo au.

Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia lā, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka haʻalele ʻana iā Rūsia, ua mare koke ʻo Artaud i ka mea mele baritone Spanish ʻo M. Padilla y Ramos.

I ka makahiki 70, me kāna kāne, ua lanakila 'o ia ma ka opera ma Italia a me nā 'āina 'ē a'e o 'Eulopa. Noho ʻo Artaud ma Berlin ma waena o 1884 a me 1889 a ma hope aku ma Paris. Mai 1889, haʻalele i ke kahua, aʻo ʻo ia, ma waena o nā haumāna - S. Arnoldson.

Ua mālama ʻo Tchaikovsky i nā manaʻo aloha no ka mea pena. He iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ma ke noi a Artaud, ua hana ʻo ia i ʻeono mau romances e pili ana i nā mele a nā haku mele Farani.

Ua kākau ʻo Artaud: "I ka hope, e kuʻu hoaaloha, aia kāu mau aloha i koʻu lima. ʻOiaʻiʻo, maikaʻi ka 4, 5, a me 6, akā ʻo ka mea mua he nani a nani hoʻi. "Ke hoʻohaumia" makemake nui wau - ma kahi huaʻōlelo, aloha wau i kāu keiki hou a haʻaheo wau no kou hana ʻana iā lākou, e noʻonoʻo ana iaʻu.

Ma hope o ka hui ʻana i ka mea mele ma Berlin, ua kākau ka mea haku mele: "Ua noho wau i kahi ahiahi me Ms. Artaud me Grieg, ʻaʻole e pau ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana mai koʻu hoʻomanaʻo ʻana. ʻO ke ʻano a me ka noʻonoʻo o kēia mea mele he mea nani loa e like me ka wā ma mua. "

Ua make ʻo Artaud i ka lā 3 ʻApelila 1907 ma Berlin.