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Nā mea hoʻokani pila - Nā hui pū me nā nat. nā mea kani ma ko lākou ʻano kumu a i kūkulu hou ʻia. He. a. ʻano like lākou i ka haku mele ʻana (no ka laʻana, mai ka domra hoʻokahi, bandura, mandolin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a hui pū ʻia (no ka laʻana, kahi domra-balalaika orchestra). Kumukānāwai hui O. n. a. pili i nā ʻano o ke mele. ka moʻomeheu o kēia poʻe. I loko o nā mele mele a nā poʻe ʻike ʻole i ka polyphony, he heterophonic ka hana: hoʻokani kēlā me kēia leo i ka mele hoʻokahi, a hiki i nā mea komo ke hoʻololi. Hoʻokani nā hui o ke ʻano bourdon i ke mele a me ka hoʻokani pila (ʻoi aku ka pololei, ke kāʻei kua): nā memo hoʻomau, nā kiʻi ostinato; ʻO ia ʻano hui pū kekahi hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. ʻO nā Orchestras o nā lāhui, kahi mele i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka harmonica. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻokani lākou i ke mele a me ka hoʻokani pila. ʻO nā hui liʻiliʻi he mea maʻamau i waena o nā mea he nui. kanaka mai ka wa kahiko mai, he poe lawe nar. instr. moʻomeheu. Noho lākou i kahi nui i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā (pāʻani i nā lā hoʻomaha, male mare, etc.). Ma ka instr. nā hui o ka wā mua o ka ulu ʻana o ke kaiāulu, nā mele i kū ʻole i ke kūʻokoʻa. noʻeau, pili i ka huaʻōlelo, hīmeni, hula, hana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka poʻe India Brazilian i ka hula hopu i ka leo o nā paipu lāʻau, nā paipu a me nā pahu e hōʻike ana i nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā mea hahai holoholona (ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau hana i waena o nā lāhui he nui). Ma nā mele i hoʻokani ʻia e ka poʻe ʻApelika (Guinea), nā kānaka o India, Vietnam, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ke mele a me ke ʻano (pinepine rhythmic) i kekahi manawa. ʻO nā ʻano kikoʻī o ka polyphony kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka Pan flute ensemble (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. gamelan.

Nui nā lāhui i kūkulu i nā kuʻuna. haku mele instr. ensembles: ma Rusia - mele. ensembles of horn players, kuvikla (kuvichki) performers; ma Ukraine - trinity o ke mele (violin, bass (bass), kimebala a pahu kani; i kekahi manawa violin a me bass; kaulana nā hui o ka trinity o nā mele a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19), ma Belarus - nā hui o ka violin, kimebala, pahu a i ʻole. violin, kimebala, aloha a dudy; ma Moldova - taraf (clarinet, violin, kimebala, pahu); ma Uzbekistan a me Tajikistan - mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); ma Transcaucasia a me Akau. Caucasus 3 hoʻomau mau instr. ensembles - dudukchi (duduk duet), zurnachi (zurn duet, kahi i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ai nā ʻāpana), sazandari (tar, keman-cha, daf, a me nā mele ʻē aʻe); ma Lithuania - ensembles o skuduchiai a me ragas, ma Latvia - stabule a me suomi dudy, ma Estonia - kuaaina chapels (no ka laʻana, cannele, violin, harmonica).

Ma Rusia, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kani mai ka 12st century. (hoʻokani ʻia i nā ʻahaʻaina, nā lā hoʻomaha, i ka wā hoʻolewa; hoʻokani ʻia me ka hīmeni, hula). Hoʻohui ʻia kā lākou haku mele (sniffles, tamborines, harp; horn, harp) a i ʻole homogeneous (nā mele gooselytsiks, harps, etc.). I ka makahiki 1870, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo NV Kondratiev i kahi papa mele o nā mea hoʻokani kani mele Vladimir; i ka makahiki 1886, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo NI Beloborodov i kahi orkestra chromatic. harmonica, ma 1887 VV Andreev - "The Circle of Balalaika Lovers" (ensemble of 8 musicians), i ka makahiki 1896 i hoʻololiʻia i ka Great Russian Orchestra. Ua hana kēia mau hui ma nā kūlanakauhale o Rusia a ma waho. Ma muli o ka hoʻohālike o Andreev's orchestra, amateur O. n. a. I ka makahiki 1902, ua hoʻohui ʻo G. Khotkevich i ka bandura a me nā mea pāʻani lyre i ka hui, i hana i ka Ukrainian mua. He. a. Ma Lithuania i ka makahiki 1906 he hui ethnographic o nā cancles kahiko. I ka ukana. moʻolelo kuʻuna, kahi e hoʻokani ai nā woks i ke kūlana alakaʻi. genres, instr. ensembles premier. me ka hula a me ke mele. I ka makahiki 1888 ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ukana mua. nat. hoʻokani pila. Ma ʻAmenia, ua noho ʻia nā mea kani mai ka makahiki BC. e. I ka con. Ua kaulana ka ensemble o ashug Jivani i ke kenekulia 19.

I loko o ka pueo, hana ʻia nā kūlana no ka hoʻomohala ākea o O. o n. a. I loko o ka uniona a me nā repubalika kūʻokoʻa, nui nā hana i hana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi a kūkulu hou i nā hale moe. nā mea hana mele i kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou ʻōlelo. a me ka ʻenehana. nā manawa kūpono (e nānā i ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā mea kani). ʻO kekahi o nā papa mele mua i hana ʻia me nā moena i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. nā mea kani, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia. Hikina Symphony. hoʻokani pila e VG Buni i ka makahiki 1925-26 ma ʻAmenia.

Mai ka 1940s i nā Ensembles kuʻuna i hoʻokomo nui ʻia e hoʻokō. mea paahana. No laila, i ka hui o ka Lūkini. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka kuvikl i ka snot, zhaleyka a me ka violin, ʻo ka Caucasian duet o zurn a me dudukov i hui pū ʻia me kahi harmonica "hikina", etc. ʻO ka harmonica, a me kāna mau ʻano like me ke pihi accordion, accordion, ua hoʻokomo nui ʻia i nā mea he nui. nat. nā hui. ʻO ka haku mele o ka Russian He. a., Ma waho aʻe o ke pihi accordion, ua hoʻokomo pū lākou i nā zhaleyki, nā pū, nā puna, a i kekahi manawa he ʻohe, oboe, clarinet, a me nā ʻuhane ʻē aʻe. nā mea kani (no ka laʻana, i ka orchestra o ka Song and Dance Ensemble o ka Soviet Army i kapa ʻia ma hope o AV Aleksandrov). He helu o prof. He. a., ua hanaia instr. nā pūʻulu ma nā hui mele a me nā hula, ka hui himeni. a hula. hui, ma nā komite hoʻolaha lekiō. Me ka prof. He. a., lawelawe ʻia e ka hui a me ka rep. Philharmonic a alakaʻi i kahi conc ākea. hana, ma ka USSR, ua laha nui ka poʻe amateurs. nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā hui (ma nā hale moʻomeheu, nā hui). He. a. e kū mai i nā repubalika kahi ma mua ʻaʻohe polyphony a me ka pāʻani ensemble (no ka laʻana, ma Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). Ma waena o nā mea ʻino loa. He. a .: Rus. nar. orkestra ia lakou. NP Osipova (Moscow, mai 1940), Rus. nar. orkestra ia lakou. VV Andreeva (e nānā i ka Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments), Kazakh. nā mea hana hoʻokani pila iā lākou. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. folk orchestra instruments (1938), Nar. hookani o ka BSSR (1938), mold orchestra. nar. mea kani (1949, mai 1957 "Fluerash") a me ka hui o nar. mele "Folklore" (1968) ma Moldova, orchestra Rus. nar. papa himeni ia lakou. ʻO MB Pyatnitsky, ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ke mele a me ka hula hula o nā pueo. Puali iā lākou. AV Aleksandrova; instr. hui ma ka mele Karelian a me ka hui hula "Kantele" (1936), lit. Ensemble "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. papa himeni ia lakou. G. Veryovki (1943). He repertoire nui ko Orchestras a me Ensembles, me ka instr. nā pāʻani, nā hula a me nā mele o nā lāhui o ka USSR a ma waho. ʻāina, a me nā pueo. haku mele (me nā mea i kākau pono ʻia no O. n. a.), haku mele. mele.

Pāʻani papa ma nar. nā mea hana, nā papa hoʻomaʻamaʻa prof. nā mea hoʻokani, nā alakaʻi, nā kumu a me nā alakaʻi noʻeau. nā hana amateur, loaʻa i nā helu kiʻekiʻe uch. nā hui o ka ʻāina (no ka laʻana, ma Leningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent a me nā conservatories ʻē aʻe, Moscow Musical and Pedagogical Institute, ma nā kula moʻomeheu o nā kūlanakauhale he nui), a me nā mele. uch-shah, mele keiki. nā kula, nā pōʻai kūikawā ma nā Hale Aliʻi o ka Moʻomeheu a me nā poʻe kamaʻilio nui. hui.

He. a. mea maʻamau i nā socialist ʻē aʻe. ʻāina. Aia ma nā ʻāina ʻē he prof. a me ka mea hoʻokamakama O. n. a., me na kikā, mandolins, violins, etc. hou. mea hookani pila.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Andreev VV, The Great Russian Orchestra and Its Significance for the People, (P., 1917); Alekseev K., Amateur Orchestra of Folk Instruments, M., 1948; ʻO Gizatov B., moku'āina Kazakh. Orchestra of Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., Moku'āina. Belarusian folk orchestra, Minsk, 1958; Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., Uzbek orchestra of folk instruments, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev a me kāna mea hoʻokani pila, L., 1962; ʻO Vertkov K., nā mea kani poʻe Lūkini, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov