Zurab Andzshaharidze |
Zurab Andzshaharidze
Ua kākau ʻia ka inoa o ka tenor Georgian kaulana ʻo Zurab Anjaparidze i nā leka gula ma ka mōʻaukala o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mele aupuni. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ke hoʻolauleʻa nei mākou i ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka haku koʻikoʻi, kekahi o nā Kelemania maikaʻi loa a me Radames o ka Soviet opera scene, me ka ʻole o ia - ʻeono makahiki i hala, ua make ka mea pena kaulana. Akā,ʻo ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka "Soviet Franco Corelli" (e like me ka mea i kapaʻia e ka Italian press i kona manawa) ke ola mau nei i kēia mau lā - i loko o nā memo o kona mau hoa, nā mea mahalo i ke kālena, i nā leo leo o nā mele mele Lūkini, Italia a me Georgian.
Ke nānā nei ʻoe i ka hopena o kēia kanaka koʻikoʻi, kahaha ʻoe i ka nui o kāna hana ʻana i kāna, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ke kenekulia, a maopopo iā ʻoe ke ʻano ikaika, ikaika a me ke kumu. A i ka manawa like, ʻike ʻoe i hiki ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā stellar premieres, nā huakaʻi, nā hālāwai hoihoi i kona ola, inā ʻaʻole no ka huāhuā kanaka a me ka meanness, i hui pū ʻia ma kona ala ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO Anjaparidze, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, haʻaheo a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma ke ʻano Caucasian - malia paha no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka hoihoi o kāna mau koa, a i ka manawa like ʻole ʻo ia iho: ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i ke koho ʻana i nā poʻe ma nā keʻena kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole lawa ka "akamai" - "e kūʻē iā wai e hoa aloha" i ka hale keaka… A, akā naʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana ʻia ka hana stellar a ka mea mele, ʻoiai nā mea hoʻopunipuni a pau - ma ka pololei, ma ka pono.
ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna hana hoʻolālā e pili ana me kāna ʻōiwi ʻo Georgia, no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu mele āna i hoʻokō ai i nā hana he nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe kānalua, ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa, ka hua a me ka mea nui no ka mea pena iā ia iho, a no ka moʻomeheu mele o ko mākou ʻāina nui maʻamau, ʻo ia ka manawa o kāna hana ma Moscow, ma ka Bolshoi Theatre o ka USSR.
He kamaaina o Kutaisi a he puka puka o ka Tbilisi Conservatory (papa o David Andguladze, he kumu kaulana, a i ka wā ma mua ke alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka Tbilisi Opera) i hele mai e lanakila i ke kapikala o ka Soviet Union, i loko o kāna mau ukana, he mea hou aku. i ka leo nani a me ka hoʻonaʻauao leo paʻa, ʻehiku kau ma ke kahua o ka Tbilisi Opera House, kahi i loaʻa iā Anjaparidze i kēia manawa e hīmeni i nā ʻāpana tenor alakaʻi. He kahua maikaʻi loa ia, no ka mea, ʻo ka Tbilisi Opera i kēlā manawa kekahi o nā hale opera ʻelima maikaʻi loa ma ka USSR, ua hīmeni nā haku kaulana ma kēia kahua. Ma keʻano laulā, pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia ua loaʻa i ka opera ma Tbilisi, i Georgia, kahi'āina momona - ua paʻa paʻa kēia mea Italia i ka lepo Georgian mai ka waena o ka makahikiʻumikumamāiwa, mahalo,ʻo ka mea mua, i nā kuʻuna mele hohonu i loaʻa i loko. ʻO ka ʻāina mai ka wā kahiko, a ʻo ka lua, nā hana a nā hui opera pilikino Italia a me Rūsia a me nā mea hoʻokani hoʻokipa hoʻokahi i hoʻoikaika ikaika i nā mele kahiko ma Transcaucasus.
ʻO ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mua ma ka ʻāina i ka hopena o nā kanalima i makemake nui i nā tenors o nā hana dramatic a me mezzo-characteristic. Ma hope koke iho o ke kaua, ua haʻalele ʻo Nikolai Ozerov, he unuhi ʻōlelo maikaʻi o ka lyrical a dramatic repertoire. I ka makahiki 1954, ua hīmeni ʻo Nikandr Khanaev i kāna mele Herman no ka manawa hope loa. I ka makahiki 1957, ua make koke ka mea kaulana ʻo Georgy Nelepp, ʻo ia ka mea i kēlā manawa i ka poʻokela o kāna mana hana a huki maoli i ka ʻāpana liona o ka repertoire tenor o ka hale keaka. A ʻoiai ʻo ka pūʻulu tenor i komo i nā haku i ʻike ʻia e like me Grigory Bolshakov a i ʻole Vladimir Ivanovsky, pono ʻole ia e hoʻoikaika.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma 1959, ua noho ʻo Anjaparidze i ka "number one" tenor ma Bolshoi a hiki i kona haʻalele ʻana i ka makahiki 1970. He leo maikaʻi ʻole, kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻālohilohi, kahi ʻano ahi - ʻaʻole kēia mau mea i hoʻokiʻekiʻe wale iā ia i ka pae o ka ʻO ka mua, akā ua hoʻolilo iā ia ʻo ia wale nō ke alakaʻi o ka tenor Olympus. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻo ia e nā alakaʻi keaka i nā hana koʻikoʻi a makemake ʻia no kēlā me kēia leo - Carmen, Aida, Rigoletto, La Traviata, Boris Godunov, Iolanthe. Ua komo i loko o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni koʻikoʻi o ia mau makahiki, e like me Faust, Don Carlos a i ʻole The Queen of Spades. ʻO kāna mau hoa mau ma ke kahua ʻo Moscow, ʻo ia ka poʻe mele Lūkini nui, a laila hoʻomaka hoʻi i kā lākou ʻoihana o kāna mau hoa - Irina Arkhipova, Galina Vishnevskaya, Tamara Milashkina. E like me ka mea e pono ai ka mea mele o ke kūlana mua (inā he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha kēia he nīnau nui, akā aia kekahi ala a i ʻole kekahi ʻano hana ma nā ʻāina he nui), mele ʻo Anjaparidze i nā mele mele kahiko o ka repertoire Italia a me Lūkia - ʻo ia hoʻi, kaulana loa, nā hana pahu pahu. Eia naʻe, me he mea lā ʻaʻole i koho nui ʻia kēlā koho no ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana a ʻaʻole wale ma muli o nā kūlana e kū nei. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o Anjaparidze i nā meʻe aloha - ʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano mele "Italia" iā ia iho, ka leo maʻamau i ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa o ka huaʻōlelo, ua koho mua i kēia repertoire no ka mea mele. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna repertoire Italia i ʻike pono ʻia e nā mea he nui ʻo Radamès mai Verdi's Aida. “Ke kahe nei ka leo o ka mea mele me ka ikaika, ma ke kaawale a me ka hui lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻikepili waho maikaʻi loa, ka nani, ke kāne, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā manaʻo ka mea kūpono loa no ke kiʻi kahua o ke ʻano, "hiki ke heluhelu ʻia kēlā mau laina i nā loiloi o kēlā mau makahiki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻo Moscow i kahi Radames maikaʻi loa ma mua a ma hope paha o Anjaparidze. ʻO kona leo kāne kāne me ka sonorous, piha koko, vibrating luna papa inoa, akā naʻe, he nui nā leo lyrical i kona kani, hiki i ka mea mele ke hana i kahi kiʻi multifaceted, hoʻohana nui i kahi palette ākea o nā kala leo mai nā mele palupalu a hiki i ke keaka waiwai. . Hoʻohui i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he nani wale ka mea pena kiʻi, he hiʻohiʻona ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hōʻike i ka hema, i kūpono loa i ke kiʻi o kahi ʻAigupita ikaika i ke aloha. ʻO kēlā ʻano Radames maikaʻi loa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, kūpono loa i ka hana nui o ka Bolshoi Theatre i ka makahiki 1951, aia ma luna o kona kahua no nā makahiki he kanakolu (ʻo ka hana hope loa i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1983) a i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa. hana ma ka moolelo o ka Moscow Opera.
Akā ʻo ka hana koʻikoʻi loa a Anjaparidze i ka wā Moscow, ka mea i hoʻohanohano iā ia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o Herman mai The Queen of Spades. Ma hope o ka hoʻokani ʻana i kēia keaka i ka wā o ka huakaʻi ʻo Bolshoi Theatre ma La Scala i ka makahiki 1964 i kākau ai ka nūpepa Italia: "He mea ʻike ʻia ʻo Zurab Anjaparidze no ka lehulehu Milanese. He mea mele kēia me ka leo ikaika, kani a me ka leo, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā pilikia i nā poʻe mele hanohano loa o ke kiʻi opera Italia. He aha ka mea i hoihoi nui iā ia i kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka meʻe kaulana o Pushkin lāua ʻo Tchaikovsky, ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kahi mamao loa mai nā ala aloha o ka opera Italia, kahi e hanu ai kēlā me kēia memo, kēlā me kēia mele mele i ka manaʻo weliweli o Dostoevsky? Me he mea lā ua kūʻē wale ʻia kahi meʻe o ia hoʻolālā no ka "Italia" tenor Anjaparidze, a ʻo ka ʻōlelo Lūkini a ka mea mele, ʻaʻole pololei. a me Kelemania naʻauao, ua hāʻawi ʻo Andzhaparidze i kēia meʻe me ka makemake Italia a me ke aloha. He mea maʻamau ka lohe ʻana o ka poʻe mele mele ma kēia ʻāpana ʻaʻole he leo Lūkini kūikawā, akā he tenor nani "Italia" - he pepeiao wela a hoihoi i nā mea a pau, me ka nānā ʻole i kāna mele. Akā no kekahi kumu, ʻo mākou, ka poʻe i kamaʻāina i nā wehewehe maikaʻi loa o kēia ʻāpana ma Rūsia a ma waho, e hoʻomau i ka hopohopo e pili ana i kēia hana i nā makahiki ma hope. Malia paha no ka mea ua hoʻokō ʻo Anjaparidze i kāna meʻe, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pono ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia he puke, akā he kanaka ola maoli. ʻAʻole loa ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka pīhoihoi i ke kahe ʻana o ka ikehu e huhū mai kahi mele vinyl (hoʻopaʻa ʻia e B. Khaikin) a i ʻole kahi leo kani no kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni 1960 (i alakaʻi ʻia e R. Tikhomirov). Ua ʻōlelo lākou ʻo Placido Domingo i kēia manawa, i ka hopena o 1990s, ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a Sergei Leiferkus, ua hana ʻo ia i kāna Herman mai kēlā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kaulana, kahi i hoʻāla hou ʻia ai ka mea mele mele ʻo Anjaparidze e Oleg Strizhenov ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. i ka wā e hānau ai i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni - ʻaʻole i hōʻeha ka opera o ka mea mele a me ka mea hana keaka i ka dramaturgy o ka hana. Me he mea lā he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi kēia, a ua hiki i ka Spaniard nui ke mahalo i ke ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano Georgian tenor Herman.
Ua wikiwiki ka haʻalele ʻana o Anjaparidze mai ka Bolshoi. I ka makahiki 1970, i ka wā o ka huakaʻi ʻo Paris i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe mele mele - ʻo kāna mau hoa hana ponoʻī i loko o ka hui, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻōlelo hōʻeuʻeu i nā nūpepa Farani ʻaʻole i kūlike ke ʻano o ka mea hana me nā kiʻi o nā ʻōpio aloha aloha āna i hoʻokomo ai. kahua. Ma ka pololei, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia aia maoli ka pilikia o ke kaumaha nui, akā ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ia i hoʻopilikia i ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe o ke kiʻi e hiki ai i ka mea mele ke hana ma ke kahua, kahi kiʻi ʻoiai ʻoiai ʻo ia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha, ʻo Anjaparidze ka mea kahaha i ka plastic, a he kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i kāna mau paona keu. Eia nō naʻe, no kahi Georgian haʻaheo, ua lawa ka mahalo ʻole i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hui opera Soviet alakaʻi me ka mihi ʻole a hoʻi i ka home i Tbilisi. Ma kahi kokoke i kanakolu makahiki i hala mai kēlā mau hanana a hiki i ka make ʻana o ka mea pena i hōʻike ʻia ua nalowale ʻo Anjaparidze lāua ʻo Bolshoy mai kēlā hakakā. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻopau ka makahiki 1970 i ka ʻoihana honua pōkole o ka mea mele, i hoʻomaka maikaʻi loa. Ua nalowale ka hale keaka i kahi tenor maikaʻi loa, he kanaka ʻeleu, ikaika, ʻaʻole manaʻo i nā pilikia a me nā hopena o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ia he mea huna i loaʻa i ka poʻe leo leo Georgian i hīmeni ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi i kahi "hoʻomaka i ke ola" mai Anjaparidze - Makvala Kasrashvili, Zurab Sotkilava, a me ke kuhina nui "Italia" o ka Bolshoi Badri Maisuradze.
Ma kona ʻāina hānau, hīmeni nui ʻo Anjaparidze ma ka ʻOpera Tbilisi me nā repertoire ʻokoʻa loa, e nānā nui ana i nā keaka aupuni - Paliashvili's Abesalom a me Eteri, Latavra, Taktakishvili's Mindia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Wahi a kāna kaikamahine, ʻo ka mea hoʻokani piano kaulana ʻo Eteri Anjaparidze, "ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu loa ke kūlana hoʻokele iā ia, no ka mea, ʻo nā mea haʻahaʻa a pau he mau hoaaloha ia, a he mea hilahila iā ia ke" alakaʻi "i waena o kāna mau hoaaloha." Ua komo pū ʻo Anjaparidze i ke aʻo ʻana - ma ke ʻano he polopeka ma ka Conservatory ʻo Tbilisi, a ma hope ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke Keʻena ʻOihana Mele ma ke Keʻena Keaka.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Zurab Anjaparidze i ka ʻāina hānau o ka mea mele. I ka makahiki ʻelima o ka make ʻana o ka mea pena, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi pahu keleawe e ka mea kālai ʻo Otar Parulava ma kona lua kupapaʻu ma ke kahua o ka Hale Opera ʻo Tbilisi, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā hale kupapaʻu o ʻelua mau kukui ʻē aʻe o nā mele opera Georgian, ʻo Zakharia Paliashvili lāua ʻo Vano Sarajishvili. ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kahua i kapa ʻia ma hope ona, i poʻo ʻia e ka wahine kāne make a ka mea mele ʻo Manana. I kēia lā ke hoʻomanaʻo nei mākou i Rūsia i kahi mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i mahalo nui ʻia kāna haʻawina nui i ka moʻomeheu mele Georgian a me Rūsia.
A. Matusevich, 2003 (operanews.ru)
