Iano Tamar |

Iano Tamar

ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kāna Medea he kope o ka heluhelu nui ʻana o Maria Callas – ʻaʻole like ka leo o Yano Tamar me ka leo poina ʻole o kāna mea mua. Eia naʻe, ʻo kona lauoho ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā lihilihi mānoanoa i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole, ʻae, a ke kuhikuhi nei lākou iā mākou i ke kiʻi i hana ʻia i ka hapalua haneli i hala e kekahi wahine Helene akamai. Aia kekahi mea maʻamau i kā lākou moʻolelo. E like me Maria, he makuahine koʻikoʻi a makemake nui ʻo Yano i makemake i kāna kaikamahine e lilo i mele kaulana. Akā ʻaʻole e like me Callas, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kamaʻāina o Georgia iā ia no kēia mau hoʻolālā haʻaheo. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ua mihi nui ʻo Yano no ka make ʻana o kona makuahine i ke kakahiaka nui a ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka hoʻomaka o kāna ʻoihana maikaʻi. E like me Maria, pono ʻo Yano e ʻimi i ka ʻike ʻia ma waho, ʻoiai ʻo kona ʻāina hānau i hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka hohonu o ke kaua kīwila. No kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me Callas hiki i kekahi manawa ke ʻike i kahi mamao loa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ke kani ʻana, kahi mea e like me ka hoʻolaha hoʻolaha haʻahaʻa. E hoʻomaka ana me Elena Souliotis, ʻaʻohe makahiki i haʻi ʻole ʻia e ka lehulehu i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia a ʻaʻole hoʻohewa nui i ka hānau ʻana o kekahi "Calas hou". ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o kēia mau "hoʻoilina" ke kū i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi inoa nui a iho wikiwiki loa mai ke kahua i ka poina. Akā ʻo ka haʻi ʻana o kahi mele Helene e pili ana i ka inoa ʻo Tamar, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa i kēia lā, ua ʻāpono ʻia - i waena o nā sopranos nani o kēia manawa e hoʻonani ana i nā pae o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni like ʻole o ka honua, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kahi mea ʻē aʻe nona ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kuleana. hohonu a me ke kumu, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻuhane o ke mele i hana ʻia .

ʻO Yano Alibegashvili (ʻo Tamar ka inoa o kāna kāne) i hānau ʻia ma Georgia *, i kēlā mau makahiki ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke aupuni Soviet palena ʻole. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke mele mai ka wā kamaliʻi, a loaʻa iā ia kāna hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana ma ka Conservatory Tbilisi, puka i ka piano, musicology a me nā leo. Ua hele ka wahine ʻōpio Georgian e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna mau mele mele ma Italia, ma ka Osimo Academy of Music, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ʻoiai ma nā ʻāina o ka bloc Hikina mua aia nō ka manaʻo ikaika e noho nei nā kumu leo ​​leo maoli i ka ʻāina. o bel canto. ʻIke ʻia, ʻaʻole kumu ʻole kēia manaʻoʻiʻo, ʻoiai ʻo kāna hoʻomaka ʻana ma ʻEulopa ma ka ʻahaʻaina Rossini ma Pesaro i ka makahiki 1992 ʻoiai ua lilo ʻo Semiramide i mea ʻike i ka honua o ka opera, a ma hope iho ua lilo ʻo Tamar i malihini hoʻokipa ma nā hale opera alakaʻi ma ʻEulopa.

He aha ka mea i kāhāhā i ka poʻe koi koi a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi hoʻopiʻi i ka hana a ke mele mele Georgian? Ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻo ʻEulopa he waiwai nui ʻo Georgia i nā leo maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe mele mai kēia ʻāina, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā pae ʻEulopa. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo La Scala i ka leo kupaianaha o Zurab Anjaparidze, nona ka Herman ma The Queen of Spades i hana i ka manaʻo indelible i ka poʻe Italia i ka makahiki 1964. Ma hope mai, ʻo ka wehewehe mua ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao Othello e Zurab Sotkilava ua hoʻopiʻi nui i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o ka poʻe hoʻohewa. waiho i kekahi me ka manao ole. I ka makahiki 80, ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻo Makvala Kasrashvili i ka repertoire a Mozart ma Covent Garden, me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana me nā hana ma nā keaka a Verdi lāua ʻo Puccini, kahi i lohe pinepine ʻia ai ʻo ia ma Italia a ma nā kahua Kelemania. ʻO Paata Burchuladze ka inoa kaulana loa i kēia lā, nona ka granite bass i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻāla ai i ka mahalo o nā mea aloha mele ʻEulopa. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hopena o kēia poʻe mele i ka poʻe i loaʻa mai i kahi hui kūleʻa o ka ʻano Caucasian me ke kula leo Soviet, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā ʻāpana o Verdi a me verist operas, a me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka repertoire Lūkini (ʻo ia hoʻi. He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke aupuni Soviet, ua ʻimi nā leo gula o Georgia i ka ʻike ma Moscow a me St. Petersburg).

Ua hoʻopau loa ʻo Yano Tamar i kēia stereotype me kāna hana mua loa, e hōʻike ana i kahi kula maoli o bel canto, kūpono loa i nā operas o Bellini, Rossini a me Verdi mua. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma La Scala, e hīmeni ana ma kēia kahua ʻo Alice ma Falstaff lāua ʻo Lina ma Verdi's Stiffelio a hui pū me ʻelua mau akamai o ko mākou manawa ma ke ʻano o nā alakaʻi ʻo Riccardo Muti lāua ʻo Gianandrea Gavazeni. A laila aia kahi moʻolelo o Mozart premieres - Elektra ma Idomeneo ma Geneva a me Madrid, Vitellia mai ka Mercy o Titus ma Paris, Munich a me Bonn, Donna Anna ma ka hale kiʻi Venetian La Fenice, Fiordiligi ma Palm Beach. Ma waena o nā ʻāpana hoʻokahi o kāna repertoire Lūkia ** aia nō ʻo Antonida ma Glinka's A Life for the Tsar, i hana ʻia ma 1996 ma ka Bregenz Festival i alakaʻi ʻia e Vladimir Fedoseev a kūpono pū i ka "belkant" mainstream o kāna ala hana hana: e like me kou ʻike, ʻO nā mele Lūkini a pau, ʻo ia nā opera a Glinka kahi kokoke loa i nā kuʻuna o ka poʻe akamai o ka "mele nani".

Ua lawe mai ʻo 1997 i kāna hoʻomaka ma ke kahua kaulana o ka Vienna Opera ʻo Lina, kahi i hui pū ai ʻo Yano ʻo Placido Domingo, a me kahi hui pū me ka heroine Verdi - ʻo ka wahine hoʻokahe koko ʻo Macbeth, a Tamar i hoʻokō i ke ʻano maoli. Ua kākau ʻo Stefan Schmöhe, i ka lohe ʻana iā Tamar ma kēia ʻāpana ma Cologne: "He liʻiliʻi ka leo o ka ʻōpio Georgian Yano Tamar, akā maikaʻi ʻole a mālama ʻia e ka mea mele ma nā papa inoa āpau. A ʻo ia ka leo i kūpono loa i ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka mea mele, e hōʻike ana i kāna heroine koko ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he mīkini pepehi kanaka hoʻomāinoino a hana maikaʻi, akā ma ke ʻano he wahine manaʻo nui e ʻimi nei i nā ala āpau e hoʻohana ai. ka manawa i hāʻawiʻia e ka hopena. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau ʻia ke ʻano o nā kiʻi Verdi e Leonora mai Il trovatore i ka ʻahaʻaina i lilo i hale nona ma Puglia, Desdemona, mele ʻia ma Basel, ka Marquise mai ka mōʻī kani kani ʻole no hoʻokahi hola, kahi āna i hoʻomaka ai i kāna hana mua. ʻO ke kahua o Covent Garden, ʻo Elisabeth o Valois ma Cologne a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ʻo Amelia i ka Masquerade Ball ma Vienna (kahi i hana ai kona hoa aloha ʻo Lado Ataneli, he mea hoʻomaka mua ʻo Staatsoper, ma ke ʻano he hoa ʻo Yano ma ke ʻano o Renato), e pili ana iā Birgit Popp Ua kākau ʻo Jano Tamar: "Hīmeni ʻo Jano Tamar i ka hiʻohiʻona ma ka mauna ʻokiʻoki i kēlā me kēia ahiahi a ʻoi aku ka naʻau, no laila ʻo kāna duet me Neil Shicoff e hāʻawi i nā mea aloha mele i ka leʻaleʻa kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāna ʻoihana i ka opera aloha a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka papa inoa o nā sorceresses i hoʻokani ʻia, ma 1999 ua hīmeni ʻo Tamar iā Haydn's Armida ma ka Schwetzingen Festival, a ma 2001 ma Tel Aviv, no ka manawa mua, ua huli ʻo ia i ka piko o ka opera bel canto, ʻo Bellini's Norma. . "He kiʻi kiʻi wale nō ʻo Normal," wahi a ka mea mele. "Akā, hauʻoli wau i loaʻa iaʻu ka manawa e hoʻopā ai i kēia haku hana." Hoʻāʻo ʻo Yano Tamar e hōʻole i nā manaʻo i kūpono ʻole i kāna mau leo ​​leo, a hiki i kēia manawa hoʻokahi wale nō i hāʻawi i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka impresario, e hana ana i kahi opera verist. I ka makahiki 1996, ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ke poʻo inoa ma ka Mascagni's Iris ma ka Roma Opera ma lalo o ka baton a ka maestro G. Gelmetti, akā hoʻāʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e hana hou i kēlā ʻike, e ʻōlelo ana i ka ʻoihana makua a me ka hiki ke koho pono i kahi repertoire. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka discography o ka mea mele ʻōpio, akā ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻo ia i kāna mau ʻāpana maikaʻi loa - Semiramide, Lady Macbeth, Leonora, Medea. Aia ka papa inoa like me ka ʻāpana o Ottavia i loko o ka opera rare a G. Pacini The Last Day of Pompeii.

ʻO ka hana ma ke kahua o ka Deutsche Oper ma Berlin i ka makahiki 2002, ʻaʻole ia ka manawa mua i hālāwai ai ʻo Yano Tamar i ke poʻo inoa ma ka hana keaka mele ʻekolu a Luigi Cherubini. I ka makahiki 1995, ua hīmeni ʻo ia iā Medea - ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻāpana koko loa e pili ana i ka ʻike a me ka paʻakikī o ka leo o nā ʻāpana o ka repertoire opera honua - ma ka Martina Francia festival ma Puglia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manawa mua ʻo ia i ʻike ʻia ma ke kahua ma ka mana Farani mua o kēia opera me nā kamaʻilio colloquial, i manaʻo ʻia e ka mea mele i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka mana Italia kaulana me nā recitatives hope i hoʻohui ʻia e ka mea kākau.

Ma hope o kāna hoʻomaka maikaʻi ʻana i ka makahiki 1992, i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi o kāna ʻoihana, ua ulu ʻo Tamar i prima donna maoli. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Yano e hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia - e ka lehulehu a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea nūpepa - me kāna mau hoa hana kaulana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mea mele ka wiwo ʻole a me ka manaʻo nui e wehewehe i nā ʻāpana i koho ʻia ma kona ʻano ponoʻī, e loaʻa i kāna ʻano hana ponoʻī. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau manaʻo me ka wehewehe wahine o ka ʻaoʻao o Medea, āna i manaʻo ai ma ke kahua o ka Deutsche Oper. Hōʻike ʻo Tamara i ka wahine kilokilo lili a, ma ke ʻano nui, ka mea pepehi hoʻomāinoino i kāna mau keiki ponoʻī, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he holoholona, ​​​​akā, he wahine huhū nui, manaʻo nui a haʻaheo. 'Ōleloʻo Yano, "ʻO kona pōʻino a me kona nāwaliwali wale nō e ho'āla iā ia i ka makemake e hoʻopaʻi." ʻO kēlā manaʻo aloha o ka pepehi keiki, e like me Tamar, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi libretto hou loa. Hōʻike ʻo Tamar i ka like ʻana o ke kāne a me ka wahine, ka manaʻo o ka mea i loko o ka pāʻani o Euripides, a ke alakaʻi nei i ka heroine, nona ka kuʻuna, archaic, i nā ʻōlelo a Karl Popper, "pani" ka hui. i kahi kūlana manaʻolana ʻole. ʻIke ʻia kēlā ʻano wehewehe i kahi leo kūikawā i kēia hana a Karl-Ernst lāua ʻo Urzel Herrmann, i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai nā alakaʻi e hoʻokalakupua i nā kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana i nā manawa pōkole o ka pilina i hala ma waena o Medea a me Jason: a ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Medea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia. he wahine ike maka'u ole.

Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka poʻe hoʻohewa i ka hana hope a ka mea mele ma Berlin. 'Ōleloʻo Eleonore Büning o ka Frankfurter Allgemeine: "Ua lanakilaʻo Soprano Jano Tamar i nā pale aupuni a pau me kona puʻuwai a me kona mele nani maoli, e hoʻomanaʻo iā mākou i ke akamai o nā Callas nui. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kona Medea ʻaʻole wale me ka leo paʻa a me ke ʻano nui, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka hana i nā kala like ʻole - nani, manaʻolana, melancholy, huhū - nā mea a pau e hoʻolilo ai i ka wahine kilokilo i mea pōʻino maoli. Ua kapa ʻo Klaus Geitel i ka heluhelu ʻana o ka ʻāpana o Medea i kēia manawa. “Ua haʻi aku ʻo Mrs. ʻO Tamar, ʻoiai i loko o ia pāʻina, e kālele ana i ka nani a me ka lokahi. ʻO kāna Medea he wahine, ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka mea pepehi keiki weliweli mai ka moʻolelo Helene kahiko. Ho'āʻo ʻo ia e hoʻomaopopo i nā hana a kāna heroine i ka mea nānā. Loaʻa iā ia nā kala no ke kaumaha a me ka mihi, ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻopaʻi. Hīmeni mālie ʻo ia, me ka pumehana a me ka manaʻo. Ma ka huli ʻana, kākau ʻo Peter Wolf: "Ua hiki iā Tamara ke haʻi maʻalahi i ka ʻeha o Medea, he wahine kilokilo a hōʻole ʻia, e hoʻāʻo ana e kāohi i kāna mau manaʻo hoʻopaʻi i ke kanaka āna i hoʻoikaika ai i kāna kilokilo ma ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i kona makuakāne a pepehi i kona kaikunāne. kōkua iā Jason e hoʻokō i kāna mea i makemake ai. He anti-heroine i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o Lady Macbeth? ʻAe, ʻaʻole i ka manawa like. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻaʻahu ʻulaʻula, me he mea lā i ʻauʻau ʻia i nā kahawai koko, hāʻawi ʻo Tamar i ka mea hoʻolohe i ke mele e lanakila ai, e lawe iā ʻoe, no ka mea he nani. ʻO ka leo, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā papa inoa a pau, hiki i ka haʻalulu nui i ke ʻano o ka pepehi ʻana i nā keikikāne liʻiliʻi, a laila hoʻāla i kekahi aloha i ka lehulehu. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, aia kahi hōkū maoli ma ke kahua, nona nā hana āpau e lilo ai i Leonora maikaʻi loa ma Fidelio i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻo ia paha he heroine Wagnerian. No ka poʻe mele mele Berlin, ke kakali nei lākou i ka hoʻi ʻana mai o ka mea mele Georgian i ka makahiki 2003 i ke kahua o ka Deutsche Oper, kahi e hōʻike hou ʻia ai ʻo ia i mua o ka lehulehu ma ka opera a Cherubini.

ʻO ka hui ʻana o ke kiʻi me ke ʻano o ka mea mele, ma ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka manawa o ka pepehi ʻana i nā keiki, he mea like ʻole. Ma ka laulā, ʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻo Yano inā kapa ʻia ʻo ia he primadona. "I kēia lā, akā naʻe, ʻaʻohe prima donnas maoli," i hoʻopau ai ʻo ia. Ua paʻa nui ʻia ʻo ia e ka manaʻo e nalowale ana ke aloha maoli i ka hana. "Me nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi, e like me Cecilia Bartoli, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hīmeni me ka puʻuwai a me ka ʻuhane," wahi a ka mea mele. ʻIke ʻo Yano i ka nani maoli o ka hīmeni ʻana a Bartoli, ʻo ia wale nō paha ka laʻana e pono ai ke hoʻohālike.

Medea, Norma, Donna Anna, Semiramide, Lady Macbeth, Elvira ("Ernani"), Amelia ("Un ballo in maschera") - ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hīmeni ka mea mele i nā ʻāpana nui o kahi repertoire soprano ikaika, hiki iā ia ke mele wale. moeʻuhane i kona haʻalele ʻana i kona home e hoʻomau i kā lākou aʻo ʻana ma Italia. I kēia lā, hoʻāʻo ʻo Tamar e ʻike i nā ʻaoʻao hou i nā ʻāpana kamaʻāina me kēlā me kēia hana hou. ʻO kēia ala e pili ana iā ia i ka Callas nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i hana i ka hana paʻakikī o Norma ma kahi o kanahā mau manawa, e lawe mau ana i nā nuances hou i ke kiʻi i hana ʻia. Manaʻo ʻo Yano ua laki ʻo ia ma kāna ala hoʻomohala, no ka mea, i nā manawa kānalua a me ka ʻimi ʻeha ʻeha, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me nā poʻe e pono ai, e like me Sergio Segalini (luna hoʻokele no ka Martina Francia festival - ed.), nāna i hāʻawi i kahi mele mele. e hana ana i ka ʻāpana paʻakikī loa o Medea ma kahi ʻahaʻaina ma Puglia a ʻaʻole i kuhi hewa ʻia; a i ʻole ʻo Alberto Zedda, nāna i koho iā Rossini's Semiramide no kāna hana mua ma Italia; a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Riccardo Muti, ka mea i loaʻa iā Yano ka pōmaikaʻi e hana ma La Scala ma ka ʻaoʻao o Alice a nāna i aʻo iā ia ʻaʻole e wikiwiki e hoʻonui i ka repertoire, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo ka manawa ke kōkua maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana o ka mea mele. Ua hoʻolohe pono ʻo Yano i kēia ʻōlelo aʻo, e pili ana iā ia he kuleana nui e hoʻohui pū i ka ʻoihana a me ke ola pilikino. No ia iho, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi manawa a no nā mea a pau: ʻaʻohe mea nui o kona aloha i ke mele, hele mua kona ʻohana, a laila kāna ʻoihana.

I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻatikala, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea mai ka paʻi Kelemania.

A. Matusevich, operanews.ru

ʻO ka ʻike mai ka Big Opera Dictionary of Kutsch-Riemens Singers:

* Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Yano Tamar ma ʻOkakopa 15, 1963 ma Kazbegi. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokani ma ke kahua i ka makahiki 1989 ma ka Hale Opera o ke kapikala Georgian.

** I ka wā i lilo ai ʻo ia i soloist o ka Tbilisi Opera House, ua hana ʻo Tamar i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka repertoire Lūkini (Zemfira, Natasha Rostova).