Byron Janis (Jaynis) (Byron Janis) |

Byron Janis

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 60, ua lilo ʻo Byron Jainis i ka mea pena kiʻi mua ʻAmelika e hoʻopaʻa i nā moʻolelo ma Moscow me kahi orkestra Soviet, ua ʻike ʻia kēia nūhou e ka honua mele he ʻano manaʻo, akā he kūlohelohe ke ʻano. "Ke ʻōlelo nei ka poʻe akamai piano a pau ʻo kēia Jainis wale nō ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻAmelika i hana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa leo me nā Lūkini, a ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino i hana ʻia kāna mau leo ​​hou ma Moscow," kekahi o nā mea kākau o ke Komohana.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke kapa ʻia kahi kamaʻāina o McKeesfort, Pennsylvania, he ʻelele o ke kula piano Lūkini. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻohana o nā malihini mai Rūsia, nona ka inoa hope - Yankelevich - ua hoʻololi liʻiliʻi ʻia i Yanks, a laila i Junks, a loaʻa i kona ʻano i kēia manawa. ʻO ka ʻohana naʻe, ua mamao loa ia mai ke mele, a ua mamao loa ke kūlanakauhale mai nā kikowaena moʻomeheu, a ua hāʻawi ʻia nā haʻawina mua iā ia e ke kumu kula kindergarten ma ke xylophone. A laila ʻo ke kumu o ke keikikāne he kamaʻāina ʻo ia no Rūsia, ʻo ke kumu ʻo A. Litov, nāna i lawe i kāna haumāna i Pittsburgh e hoʻokani i mua o nā mea aloha mele kūloko. Ua kono ʻo Litov i kāna hoaaloha kahiko mai Moscow Conservatory, ka mea hoʻokani piano a me ke kumu ʻo Iosif Levin, i ka ʻahamele. A ua ʻike koke ʻo ia i ke kālena kupaianaha o Jainis, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kona mau mākua e hoʻouna iā ia i New York a hāʻawi i kahi leka kākoʻo i kāna kōkua a me kekahi o nā kumu maikaʻi loa o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻo Adele Marcus.

No kekahi mau makahiki, he haumāna ʻo Jainis o ke kula mele pilikino "Chetem Square", kahi i aʻo ai ʻo A. Markus; ʻO ke alakaʻi o ke kula, ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana ʻo S. Khottsinov, i lilo i kahu nona ma ʻaneʻi. A laila ua neʻe ke kanaka ʻōpio a me kāna kumu i Dallas. I ka makahiki 14, ua huki mua ʻo Jainis i ka manaʻo ma o ka hoʻokani ʻana me ka NBC Orchestra ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a F. Black, a loaʻa iā ia kahi kono e hoʻokani hou i nā manawa hou ma ka lekiō.

I ka makahiki 1944 ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hoʻomaka mua ʻoihana ma Pittsburgh, kahi āna i pāʻani ai i ka Concerto ʻElua ʻo Rachmaninoff. ʻO nā loiloi o ka poʻe paʻi he mea hoihoi, akā he mea ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka nui: ma waena o ka poʻe i hele ma ka ʻahamele ʻo Vladimir Horowitz, ka mea i makemake nui i ke talena o ka pianist ʻōpio a ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kūʻē i kāna mau lula. he haumana. "Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ʻoe iaʻu iaʻu i koʻu wā ʻōpio," wahi a Horowitz. ʻO nā makahiki o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka maestro i hoʻomaʻamaʻa hope i ke talena o ka mea pena, a i ka makahiki 1948 ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i mua o ka lehulehu o ka Carnegie Hall o New York ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo O. Downs, ka mea hoʻokae hanohano: "No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka mea kākau o kēia mau laina i ke talena i hui pū ʻia me ka mele, ka ikaika o ka manaʻo, ka naʻauao a me ke kaulike noʻeau e like me kēia pianist 20 makahiki. He ʻahamele ia na kahi ʻōpio nona nā hana kūikawā i hōʻailona ʻia e ke koʻikoʻi a me ka manawaleʻa.

I ka makahiki 50, ua kaulana ʻo Jainis ʻaʻole wale ma USA, akā ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻEulopa. Inā i nā makahiki mua o kāna pāʻani i manaʻo ʻia he kope wale nō ia o ka pāʻani o kāna kumu ʻo Horowitz, a laila loaʻa ka mea pena kiʻi i ke kūʻokoʻa, ʻano pilikino, nā hiʻohiʻona o ia mea he hui pū ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka "Horowitzian" me ka lyrical. ke komo ʻana a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo, ka manaʻo aloha me ka hohonu o ka naʻauao. Ua mahalo nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano o ka mea pena kiʻi i kāna huakaʻi i ka USSR ma 1960 a me 1962. Ua kipa ʻo ia i nā kūlanakauhale he nui, i hana ʻia i nā ʻaha mele a me nā symphony. ʻO kāna mau papahana nā sonatas na Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Copland, Pictures at an Exhibition na Mussorgsky a me Sonatine Ravel, nā mea pāʻani e Schubert a me Schumann, Liszt a me Debussy, Mendelssohn a me Scriabin, nā concerto na Schumann, Rachmaninoff, Prokofiev, Gershwin. A i ka manawa i komo ai ʻo Jainis i kahi ahiahi jazz: ua hui ʻo ia ma 1962 ma Leningrad me ka orchestra a B. Goodman, hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue me kēia hui me ka lanakila nui.

Ua ʻae ka poʻe Soviet iā Dzhaynis me ka ʻoluʻolu loa: ma nā wahi a pau ua piha nā keʻena a ʻaʻohe hopena o ka pāʻani. No nā kumu o ia kūleʻa, kākau ʻo Grigory Ginzburg: "He mea maikaʻi ke hālāwai ʻana ma Jainis ʻaʻole he virtuoso anu (ʻo ia ka mea i kaulana i kekahi mau wahi ma ke Komohana), akā he mea hoʻokani pila i ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o nā hana aesthetic. e alo ana iaia. ʻO kēia ʻano o ke kiʻi hoʻohālike o ka mea hoʻokani i hoʻokipa maikaʻi iā ia mai ko mākou anaina. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hōʻike mele, ka maopopo o ka wehewehe ʻana, ka naʻau i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia (e like me ka wā o nā hana a Van Cliburn, i aloha nui ʻia iā mākou) i ka hopena maikaʻi o ke kula ʻo Russian pianism, a me ka mea akamai o Rachmaninov, i loaʻa i ka mea akamai loa. pianists.

ʻO ka holomua o Jainis i ka USSR he mea nui i kona ʻāina hānau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i pili i nā "kūlana kūikawā" o ka hoʻokūkū i hui pū me nā lanakila o Cliburn. "Inā hiki i ke mele ke lilo i mea nui i ka politika, a laila hiki iā Mr. Jainis ke noʻonoʻo iā ia iho he ʻelele kūleʻa o ka hoaloha e kōkua ana e wāwahi i nā pale o ke Kaua Cold," i kākau ai ka New York Times i kēlā manawa.

Ua hoʻonui nui kēia huakaʻi i ka kaulana o Jainis a puni ka honua. I ka hapa mua o nā makahiki 60, ua huakaʻi nui ʻo ia a me ka lanakila mau, ua hoʻolako ʻia nā keʻena nui loa no kāna mau hana - ma Buenos Aires, ka Colon Theatre, ma Milan - La Scala, ma Paris - ka Champs Elysees Theatre, ma Lākana. – Hale Hōʻikeʻike Aliʻi. Ma waena o nā moʻolelo he nui āna i hoʻopaʻa ai i kēia manawa, kū i waho nā concerto na Tchaikovsky (No. 1), Rachmaninoff (No. 2), Prokofiev (No. 3), Schumann, Liszt (No. 1 a me No. 2), a mai nā hana solo, ka Sonata Lua o D. Kabalevsky. Ma hope mai naʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana o ka piano no kekahi manawa ma muli o ka maʻi, akā i ka makahiki 1977 ua hoʻomaka hou ʻo ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole me ka ikaika like, ʻaʻole hiki i ke olakino maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻae iā ia e hoʻokani ma ka palena o kona hiki virtuoso. Akā, i kēia lā, noho mau ʻo ia i kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani piano maikaʻi loa o kāna hanauna. ʻO nā hōʻike hou o kēia i lawe ʻia e kāna huakaʻi ʻaha mele lanakila ma ʻEulopa (1979), a ma ia manawa āna i hana ai me ka nani o nā hana a Chopin (me nā waltzes ʻelua, nā ʻano ʻike ʻole āna i ʻike ai ma ka waihona a paʻi ʻia), a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. na Rachmaninoff, na apana na L M. Gottschalk, A. Copland Sonata.

Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Byron Janis i kāna lawelawe i ka lehulehu. Ua hoʻopau koke ʻo ia i kahi puke autobiographical, aʻo ma ke kula ʻo Manhattan School of Music, hāʻawi i nā papa haku, a komo ikaika i ka hana a ka jure o nā hoʻokūkū mele.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990