Enrico Tamberlik (Enrico Tamberlik) |

Enrico Tamberlik

ʻO Tamberlik kekahi o nā mele Italia nui loa o ke kenekulia 16. He leo nani kona, mehana pumehana, me ka mana kupaianaha, me ka papa inoa oioi o luna (ua lawe oia i ka umauma ki'eki'e). Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Enrico Tamberlic ma Malaki 1820, XNUMX ma Roma. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ka hīmeni ma Roma, me K. Zerilli. Ma hope mai, hoʻomau ʻo Enrico i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana me G. Guglielmi ma Naples, a laila hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna mau akamai me P. de Abella.

I ka makahiki 1837, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Tamberlic i kāna ʻaha mele ma Roma - ma kahi quartet mai ka opera "Puritanes" na Bellini, ma ke kahua o ka hale keaka "Argentina". I ka makahiki aʻe, ua komo ʻo Enrico i nā hana o ka Rome Philharmonic Academy ma ka Apollo Theatre, kahi āna i hana ai ma William Tell (Rossini) a me Lucrezia Borgia (Donizetti).

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Tamberlik i kāna ʻoihana hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1841. Ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Neapolitan "Del Fondo" ma lalo o ka inoa o kona makuahine ʻo Danieli, hīmeni ʻo ia ma ka opera a Bellini "Montagues and Capulets". Ma laila, ma Naples, i nā makahiki 1841-1844, hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana ma ke keaka "San Carlo". Mai ka makahiki 1845, hoʻomaka ʻo Tamberlik e huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻO kāna mau hana ma Madrid, Barcelona, ​​​​London (Covent Garden), Buenos Aires, Paris (Italian Opera), ma nā kūlanakauhale o Pokukala a me ʻAmelika e mālama ʻia me ka kūleʻa nui.

I ka makahiki 1850, hīmeni ʻo Tamberlik no ka manawa mua ma ka ʻOpera Italia ma St. Petersburg. Haʻalele i ka makahiki 1856, ua hoʻi ka mea mele i Rusia i ʻekolu makahiki ma hope a hoʻomau i ka hana a hiki i 1864. Ua hele pū ʻo Tamberlik i Russia ma hope, akā ua hīmeni ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele.

Ua kākau ʻo AA Gozenpud: "He mea mele koʻikoʻi, he mea hana akamai, ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana o ka hopena hiki ʻole i ka lehulehu. Nui ka poʻe i mahalo, ʻaʻole naʻe i ke kālena o kahi mea pena kiʻi kupaianaha, akā ʻo kāna mau memo kiʻekiʻe - ʻoi aku ka kupanaha o ka ikaika a me ka ikaika "C-sharp" o ka octave luna; Ua hele kūikawā kekahi i ka hale keaka i mea e lohe ai i kona lawe ʻana i kāna mea kaulana. Akā me kēlā mau "connoisseurs" aia nā mea hoʻolohe i mahalo i ka hohonu a me ke keaka o kāna hana. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka mana o Tamberlik ma nā ʻāpana heroic e ke kūlana civic o ka mea pena.

Wahi a Cui, "i ka wā ma William Tell ... ua hoʻōho ikaika ʻo ia" cercar la liberta ", koi mau ka lehulehu iā ia e hana hou i kēia ʻōlelo - he hōʻike hala ʻole o ka liberalism o nā makahiki 60."

Ua lilo ʻo Tamberlik i ka nalu hana hou. He unuhi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi ʻo ia no Verdi. Eia naʻe, me ka lanakila like, hīmeni ʻo ia i nā keaka ʻo Rossini lāua ʻo Bellini, ʻoiai ua ʻike nā mea pā o ke kula kahiko ua overdramatized ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana lyrical. Ma nā opera a Rossini, me Arnold, ua lanakila ʻo Tamberlik i ka lanakila kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻāpana paʻakikī loa o Othello. Wahi a ka manaʻo nui, ma ke ʻano he mele ua hopu ʻo ia iā Rubini i loko, a ma ke ʻano he mea keaka i ʻoi aku ma mua o ia.

Ma ka loiloi a Rostislav, heluhelu mākou: "ʻO Othello ka hana maikaʻi loa a Tamberlik… Ma nā hana ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona nani, nā manawa hoʻohiwahiwa, akā ma ʻaneʻi nā ʻanuʻu a pau, nā neʻe a pau, nā leo a pau a ua kaumaha ʻia kekahi mau hopena no ka laulā. holoʻokoʻa noʻeau. ʻO Garcia lāua ʻo Donzelli (ʻaʻole mākou e haʻi iā Rubini, nāna i hīmeni maikaʻi i kēia ʻāpana, akā hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻole) ua hōʻike ʻo Otello ma ke ʻano he ʻano paladin medieval, me nā ʻano aliʻi, a hiki i ka manawa o ka pōʻino, i ka manawa i hoʻololi koke ʻia ʻo Othello i holoholona koko. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Tamberlik i ke ʻano o ka hana ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa loa: ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi Moor hapa-wild, i kau ʻia ma ke poʻo o ka pūʻali koa Venetian, koi ʻia e nā hanohano, akā nāna i mālama i ka hilinaʻi, ka hūnā a me ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka poʻe. o kona ohana. Ua koi ʻia nā noʻonoʻo nui i mea e mālama ai i kahi hanohano maikaʻi no ka Moor, i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia e nā kūlana, a i ka manawa like e hōʻike i nā aka o kahi ʻano kuʻuna, ʻano ʻino. ʻO kēia ka hana a i ʻole ka pahuhopu a Tamberlik i hoʻoikaika ai a hiki i ka manawa a Othello, i hoʻopunipuni ʻia e ka ʻōlelo hōʻino maalea o Iago, e hoʻolei aku i ke ʻano o ka hanohano Hikina a hoʻokomo i loko o ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka manaʻo ʻino ʻole. ʻO ka leo kaulana: si dopo lei toro! ʻO ia ke kumu e haʻalulu ai ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ka hohonu o ka ʻuhane, ʻo ia ka poha mai loko mai o ka umauma e like me ka uē ʻana o ka puʻuwai ʻeha ... Ua manaʻo mākou ʻo ke kumu nui o ka manaʻo i hana ʻia ma kēia kuleana no ka mea akamai. ka hoʻomaopopo a me ke akamai i ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ko Shakespeare meʻe.

Ma ka wehewehe ʻana a Tamberlik, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka manaʻo nui loa e nā lyrical a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona aloha, akā na ka invocative heroic, pathetic. ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia no ka poʻe mele o kahi hale kūʻai aristocratic.

ʻO ka mea haku mele Lūkia a me ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻo AN Serov, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka helu o nā mea mahalo i kā Tamberlik talent. ʻAʻole naʻe ia e pale iā ia (ʻaʻole paha i kona makemake) mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka pono o ka mea mele Italia. Eia nā ʻāpana mai kāna loiloi ʻana iā Meyerbeer's Guelphs and Ghibellines ma ka Bolshoi Theatre. Ma ʻaneʻi, hana ʻo Tamberlik i ka hana a Raul, e like me Serov, ʻaʻole kūpono iā ia: "Mr. ʻO Tamberlik i ka hana mua (e hui pū ana i nā hana 1 a me 2 o ka helu kumu) me he mea lā ʻaʻole i kūpono. Ua hala ke aloha me ka pila viola me ke kala ʻole. Ma kahi i nana aku ai na malihini o Nevers ma ka pukaaniani e ike i ka lede i hele mai e ike ia Nevers, aole i malama pono o Mr. Tamberlik i ka pono o na opera a Meyerbeer e koi ana i na hana hookanikani mau ma ia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻohe mea i hāʻawi ʻia i ka leo. koe na'e ka olelo pokole. ʻO kahi mea hoʻokani i komo ʻole i ke kūlana o ka mea āna i hōʻike ai, ʻo ia, ma ke ʻano Italia, e kali wale ana no kāna aria a i ʻole kahi solo nui ma morceaux densemble, mamao loa ia mai nā koi o ka mele a Meyerbeer. Ua puka ʻoi aku ka hewa like ma ke ʻano hope o ka hana. ʻO ka hoʻomaha ʻana me Valentina i mua o kona makuakāne, i mua o ke aliʻi wahine a me ka ʻaha holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hauʻoli nui loa, nā ʻeha a pau o ke aloha i hōʻeha ʻia i loko o Raul, a ua noho ʻo Mr. Tamberlik me he mea lā he mea hōʻike waho i nā mea āpau. ua hanaia a puni ia.

Ma ka lua o ka hana (ke kolu o ka hana kumu) ma ka septet kane kaulana, ua alohilohi ka hapa o Raoul me ka leo leo maikai loa ma na memo kiekie loa. No ia mau ʻōlelo hoʻōho, he kanaka koa ʻo Mr. Tamberlik a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i ka lehulehu holoʻokoʻa. Ua koi koke lākou i ka hana hou ʻana i kēia hopena kaʻawale, ʻoiai ʻo kona pilina pili ʻole me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano ...

… Ua hoʻokō pū ʻia ka duet nui me Valentina e Mr. Tamberlik me ka ʻoliʻoli a ua hala maikaʻi loa, ʻo ke kanalua mau a me ke kani ʻana o ka leo o Mr. Tamberlik, ʻaʻole i kūlike me ka manaʻo o Meyerbeer. Mai kēia ʻano o kā mākou tenore di forza e haʻalulu mau ana i kona leo, aia nā wahi kahi i hui pū ʻia ai nā mele mele a pau i kākau ʻia e ka haku mele i kekahi ʻano leo ākea a pau ʻole.

… I ka quintet o ka hana mua, ua ʻike ʻia ka meʻe o ka pāʻani ma ke kahua - ʻo ka ataman o ka pūʻali powa Fra Diavolo ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka mea ʻoniʻoni ʻo Marquis San Marco. Hiki i kekahi ke minamina iā Mr. Tamberlik ma kēia kuleana. ʻAʻole ʻike kā mākou Othello, e ka poʻe ʻilihune, pehea e hoʻokō ai i kahi ʻāpana i kākau ʻia ma kahi papa inoa hiki ʻole i kahi mele Italia.

… Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Fra Diavolo i nā kuleana o ka hoʻokani tenor (spiel-tenor). ʻO Mr. Tamberlik, ma ke ʻano he virtuoso Italia, no nā tenor pāʻani ʻole, a ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao leo o kāna ʻāpana i kēia ʻāpana he mea kūpono ʻole iā ia, ʻaʻohe ona wahi e hōʻike ai iā ia iho ma ʻaneʻi.

Akā ʻo nā kuleana e like me Raul he ʻokoʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Tamberlik e ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana leo, ka hōʻike hohonu hohonu. ʻOiai i ka emi ʻana o kona mau makahiki, i ka wā i hoʻopilikia ai ka mana hoʻopōʻino o ka manawa i kona leo, me ka mālama ʻana i nā piko wale nō, kāhāhā ʻo Tamberlik i ke komo ʻana o kāna hana. Ma waena o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa ʻo Otello i ka opera a Rossini o ka inoa like, ʻo Arnold ma William Tell, ke Duke ma Rigoletto, ʻo John i The Prophet, Raul i The Huguenots, Masaniello i The Mute of Portici, Manrico ma Il trovatore, Ernani i ka opera a Verdi. o ka inoa hookahi, o Faust.

He kanaka ʻo Tamberlik me nā manaʻo kālaiʻāina holomua. Iā ia ma Madrid i ka makahiki 1868, ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ke kipi i hoʻomaka ʻia a me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i kona ola, ua hana ʻo ia i ka Marseillaise i mua o ka poʻe mōʻī. Ma hope o ka huakaʻi ʻana i Sepania i ka makahiki 1881-1882, haʻalele ka mea mele i ke kahua.

Ua kākau ʻo W. Chechott i ka makahiki 1884: “Ma mua o ka wā ma mua, a me kēlā me kēia, hīmeni ʻo Tamberlik me kona ʻuhane, ʻaʻole me kona leo wale nō. ʻO kona ʻuhane ka mea e haʻalulu ai i kēlā me kēia leo, e haʻalulu ai ka naʻau o ka poʻe hoʻolohe, e komo i loko o ko lākou ʻuhane me kāna mau ʻōlelo.

Ua make ʻo Tamberlic ma Malaki 13, 1889 ma Paris.