Glissando |

ʻO Glissando (Italian glissando, mai French glisser - to slide) he hana kūikawā o ka pāʻani ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana i kahi manamana lima ma nā kaula a i ʻole nā ​​kī o ke mele. mea paahana. ʻAʻole like me ka portamento, kahi mea e hōʻike ai. ʻO ka hana, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka mea haku mele ma ka notation mele a i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo G., ʻoiaʻiʻo ua paʻa ʻo G. i ka notation sweaty, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāpana o ka kikokikona mele. Ma fp. Loaʻa ka pāʻani a G. ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka nail phalanx o ka manamana nui a i ʻole ka manamana lima ʻekolu (maʻamau ma ka lima ʻākau) ma nā kī keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. I ka hana ʻana no nā mea kani kīpē ʻike mua ʻia ʻo G. ma Farani. haku mele ʻo JB Moreau i kāna ʻohi. "ʻO ka puke mua o nā ʻāpana no ka harpsichord" ("Premier livre pièces de clavecin", 3). ʻenehana kūikawā. hōʻike ʻia nā pilikia e ka hoʻokō ma ka fp. ʻO G. o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā memo pālua (ʻekolu, ʻeono, octaves) me ka lima hoʻokahi (me kona kūlana paʻa paʻa), e koi ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe like ʻana o nā manamana lima ʻelua ma nā kī (hana ʻia kēia ʻano G. me nā lima ʻelua) .

Hoʻokani maʻalahi ʻia ʻo G. ma ka piano. nā hoʻolālā kahiko me kā lākou ʻoi aku ka pliable, i kapa ʻia. Mechanics Viennese. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i hoʻohana mua ʻia ai ʻo G. ma ke ʻano ʻeono e WA Mozart (nā ʻano like ʻole o "Lison dormant"). Loaʻa nā unahi Octave ma L. Beethoven (Concerto in C Major, Sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concertpiece", op. 79), G. ma nā hapakolu a me nā hapahā ma M. Ravel ("Mirror") a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Inā ma luna o nā mea kani kīpē me kā lākou ʻōnaehana huhū, me ke kōkua o G., e unuhi ʻia kahi unahi me kahi pitch, a laila ma nā mea kani kūlou, nona ka ʻōnaehana manuahi, ma o G., unuhi ʻia ka chromatic. ʻO ke kaʻina o nā leo, me kahi pūʻulu, ʻaʻole pono ka hana pololei o nā semitones (ʻaʻole pono e hui pū ʻia ka ʻenehana manamana lima me g. ma nā mea kani kūlou - ka hana ʻana o kahi unahi chromatic ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka manamana lima). No laila, ʻo ka waiwai o g. ke hookani i na mea kani kulou Ch. arr. i ka hopena kala. ʻO ka hana a G. i kekahi mau paukū ma nā mea kani, koe wale nō ka chromatic. scale, hiki ke pāʻani wale me ka harmonics. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona mua loa o G. ma nā mea kani kūlou ma ka ʻōlelo Italia. mea haku mele K. Farina (ma "An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, no skr. solo), me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā G. ma ke ʻano he kūlohelohe. ka loaa ana o ke kani. I loko o ka Classic G. aneane 'aʻole loaʻa i loko o ka mele no ke kulou ana mea kani (kahi rare hihia o G. piʻi chromatic sequence e octaves i loko o ke code o ka 1st hapa o ka concerto no A. Dvorak). Ma ke ʻano o ka pāʻani virtuoso maikaʻi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka guerilla i nā hana i kākau ʻia e nā violinists Romantic a me nā cellists. nā kuhikuhi (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, a me nā mea'ē aʻe). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo G. ma ke ʻano he kala kala i ke mele. palapala no ke kenekulia 20 no na mea kani a me ke kala kala. ka hookipa ana i ka orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo mai ka 1st concerto no ka violin; K. Shimanovsky - concertos a me na apana no ka violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" no ka violin; Z. Kodaly - G. chords i ka sonata no ka solo, G. . violins a me nā kī pālua ma "Spanish Rhapsody" na Ravel). ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa o G. vlch. aia ma ka hapa 2 o ka sonata no VC. a me fp. DD Shostakovich. ʻO kahi ʻenehana kūikawā ʻo G. flageolets, no ka laʻana. cellos na NA Rimsky-Korsakov (“The Night Before Christmas”), VV Shcherbachev (2nd symphony), Ravel (“Daphnis and Chloe”), viola a me nā poʻe kahiko. MO Steinberg ("Metamorphoses") a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO G. kahi ʻenehana ākea i ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka harp pedal, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi hoʻohana kūikawā loa (ma nā hana a nā haku mele o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 1, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Italia sdrucciolando). Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Apfic G. ma luna o nā leo o nā leo ʻehiku (me nā mea i hoʻemi ʻia; emi pinepine ma nā leo o nā leo ʻole). I ka hookani ana o G., na kaula a pau o ka lira, me ke kokua ana i ka hooponopono hou ana i ka otd. nā kani, hāʻawi i ke kani o kēlā mau memo i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi chord i hāʻawi ʻia. Me ka neʻe ʻana i lalo, hoʻokō ʻia ka G. ma ka lira me ka piʻi iki ʻana o ka manamana lima mua, me ka piʻi ʻana - me ka lua (hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lima i ka neʻe ʻana o nā lima i ka converging, diverging and crossing movement). Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo G. i kekahi manawa ma nā kaʻina like-gamma.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo G. i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā ʻuhane keleawe. nā mea kani - ma ka trombone me ke kōkua o ka neʻe ʻana i hope (no ka laʻana, ka trombone solo ma "Pulcinella" na IF Stravinsky), ka pū, ma nā mea kani (no ka laʻana, G. pedal timpani ma "Music no nā mea kani, percussion and celesta” B . Bartok).

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo G. i ka folk instr. kau ʻia. (Kaila Verbunkosh), rum. a me ka poni. mele, me ka jazz. Ma ka palapala mele a G., ʻo nā leo mua a me nā leo hope wale nō o ka pauku e ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia, hoʻololi ʻia nā leo waena e kahi kaha kaha a i ʻole ka laina nalu.