Kathleen Ferrier (Ferrier) |

Kathleen Ferrier

Ua kākau ʻo VV Timokhin: “Ua loaʻa iā Kathleen Ferrier kekahi o nā leo maikaʻi loa o kā mākou kenekulia. He contralto maoli kona, i ʻike ʻia e kahi leo pumehana a me ka velvety ma ka papa inoa haʻahaʻa. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, kani ka leo o ka mea mele. I loko o kona timbre, ma ke ʻano o ka leo, aia kekahi mau "kumu" elegiac a me ka pāʻani i loko. I kekahi manawa ua lawa kekahi mau huaʻōlelo i mele ʻia e ka mea mele i mea e hana ai i ka mea hoʻolohe i kahi manaʻo o kahi kiʻi piha i ka nani kanikau a me ka maʻalahi. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i loko o kēia leo naʻau i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka nui o nā mea hana nani a ka mea mele.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Kathleen Mary Ferrier ma ʻApelila 22, 1912 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Haiger Walton (Lancashire), ma ka ʻākau o ʻEnelani. Ua hīmeni kona mau mākua i ka papa mele a mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai i hoʻokumu i ke kaikamahine i ke aloha i ke mele. Ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo Blackburn, kahi i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia ai ʻo Kathleen, ua aʻo pū ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani piano, hīmeni ma ka papa himeni, a loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike o nā aʻo mele kumu. Ua kōkua kēia iā ia e lanakila i ka hoʻokūkū no nā mea mele ʻōpio, i mālama ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale kokoke. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ua loaʻa iā ia ʻelua makana mua i ka manawa hoʻokahi - ma ka hīmeni a me ka piano.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kūlana kālā maikaʻi ʻole o kona mau mākua ua alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo no kekahi mau makahiki i hana ʻo Kathleen ma ke ʻano he kelepona. I ka makahiki iwakāluakūmāwalu wale nō (!) Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e lawe i nā haʻawina hīmeni ma Blackburn. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomaka ke Kaua Honua II. No laila, aia nā hana mua a ka mea mele ma nā hale hana a me nā halemai, ma kahi o nā pūʻali koa.

Ua hoʻokani ʻo Kathleen me nā mele ʻōlelo Pelekane, a me ka lanakila nui. Ua aloha koke lākou iā ia: ʻo ka nani o kona leo a me ke ʻano hana noʻeau i hoʻohauʻoli i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. I kekahi manawa ua kono ʻia kahi mele mele i nā ʻaha mele maoli, me ke komo ʻana o nā mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hana i ʻike ʻia e ke alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Malcolm Sargent. Ua paipai ʻo ia i ka mea mele ʻōpio i ke alakaʻi o ka hui ʻaha mele ʻo London.

I Dekemaba 1942, ua puka mai ʻo Ferrier ma Lākana, kahi i aʻo ai ʻo ia me ke kumu mele kaulana a me ke kumu ʻo Roy Henderson. Ma hope koke iho, hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna mau hana. Ua hīmeni ʻo Kathleen i nā mele mele ʻelua a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hīmeni Pelekane. Me ka hope, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā oratorio na Handel a me Mendelssohn, na Bach. I ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Ferrière ma ke ʻano he mele ʻoihana ma Handel's Messiah.

I ka makahiki 1946, hui ka mea mele me ka haku mele ʻo Benjamin Britten, nona ka inoa ma nā lehelehe o nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka ʻāina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna opera Peter Grimes. Ke hana nei ʻo Britten i kahi opera hou, The Lamentation of Lucretia, a ua hoʻopuka mua i ka hoʻolei. ʻO ka pāʻina wale nō o ka heroine - Lucretia, keʻano o ka maʻemaʻe, ka palupalu a me ka palekana o kaʻuhane wahine, no ka manawa lōʻihi,ʻaʻole iʻaʻa e hāʻawi i kekahi. ʻO ka hope, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Britten iā Ferrière, ka mea mele contralto āna i lohe ai i hoʻokahi makahiki i hala.

Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ka Lament of Lucretia ma Iulai 12, 1946, ma ka Glyndebourne Festival ma hope o ke kaua. Ua holomua ka opera. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokani ka hui o ka Glyndebourne Festival, i komo pū me Kathleen Ferrier, i ʻoi aku ma mua o kanaono mau manawa ma nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole o ka ʻāina. No laila ua kaulana ka inoa o ka mea mele ma waena o ka poʻe hoʻolohe Pelekane.

I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua wehe hou ʻia ka Glyndebourne Festival me kahi hana opera e hōʻike ana iā Ferrière, i kēia manawa me Gluck's Orpheus a me Eurydice.

ʻO nā ʻāpana o Lucretia a me Orpheus i kaupalena i ka ʻoihana opera a Ferrier. ʻO ka ʻāpana o Orpheus wale nō ka hana a ka mea pena i hele pū me ia i kona ola pōkole pōkole. "I kāna hana, ua lawe mai ka mea mele i nā hiʻohiʻona hōʻike," wahi a VV Timokhin. – ʻAlohilohi ka leo o ka mea pena me nā waihoʻoluʻu he nui – matte, palupalu, aniani, mānoanoa. ʻO kāna hele ʻana i ka aria kaulana "Ua nalowale wau iā Eurydice" (ʻekolu hana) he mea hōʻike. No kekahi poʻe mele (ua lawa ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana ma kēia pili i ka unuhi ʻōlelo kupaianaha o ke kuleana o Orpheus ma ke kahua Kelemania, ʻo Margaret Klose), ua like kēia aria me ke kanikau, hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Largo. Hāʻawi ʻo Ferrier iā ia i ka impulsiveness, dramatic impetuousness, a me ka aria ponoʻī ke ʻano ʻokoʻa loa - ʻaʻole pastorally elegiac, akā makemake nui ... ".

Ma hope o kekahi o nā hana, i ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o kahi mea mahalo i kāna talena, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ferrier: "ʻAe, kokoke loa kēia kuleana iaʻu. No ka hāʻawiʻana i nā mea a pau āu e hakakā ai no kou aloha - ma keʻano he kanaka a he mea pena, ke manaʻo nei au i ka mākaukau mau no kēia hana.

Akā ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o ka mea mele i ke kahua ʻahamele. I ka makahiki 1947, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Edinburgh, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka mele mele o ka Honua a Mahler. Na Bruno Walter i alakaʻi. Ua lilo ka hana o ka symphony i mea leʻaleʻa i ka ʻahaʻaina.

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana a Ferrier i nā hana a Mahler he ʻaoʻao kupaianaha i ka mōʻaukala o nā kiʻi leo hou. Kākau ʻo VV e pili ana i kēia me ka ʻike a me ka waihoʻoluʻu. ʻo Timokina:

"Me he mea lā ua loaʻa i ke kaumaha o Mahler, ke aloha i kāna mau koa i kahi pane kūikawā i ka puʻuwai o ka mea mele ...

Manaʻo ʻo Ferrier i ka hoʻomaka kiʻi a me ke kiʻi kiʻi o ka mele a Mahler. Akā, ʻaʻole nani wale kāna pena leo, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e kahi ʻano wela o ke komo ʻana, aloha kanaka. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka hana a ka mea mele ma kahi hoʻolālā muffled, chamber-intimate plan, hopu ʻia me ka hauʻoli lyrical, poetic enlightenment.

Mai ia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Walter lāua ʻo Ferrier i mau hoaaloha maikaʻi a hoʻokani pinepine pū. Ua noʻonoʻo ka mea alakaʻi iā Ferrière "kekahi o nā mele nui loa o kā mākou hanauna". Me Walter ma ke ʻano he pianist-accompanist, ua hāʻawi ka mea pena i kahi mele mele ma ka 1949 Edinburgh Festival, hīmeni ma ka Salzburg Festival o ia makahiki hoʻokahi, a hoʻokani ma ka 1950 Edinburgh Festival ma Brahms 'Rhapsody no Mezzo-Soprano.

Me kēia alakaʻi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Ferrier i kāna hana mua ma Ianuali 1948 ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ma ka symphony like "Song of the Earth". Ma hope o ka ʻaha mele ma New York, ua pane ka poʻe loea mele maikaʻi loa ma ʻAmelika i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea pena me nā loiloi hoihoi.

Ua kipa ʻelua ka mea pena kiʻi i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ka huakaʻi. I Malaki 1949, ua mālama ʻia kāna ʻaha mele mua ma New York. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, hana ʻo Ferrier ma Kanada a me Cuba. Hoʻokani pinepine ka mea mele ma nā ʻāina Scandinavian. ʻO kāna mau ʻahamele ma Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm he lanakila nui loa ia.

Hoʻokani pinepine ʻo Ferrier ma ka Hōʻikeʻike Mele Dutch. I ka ʻahaʻaina mua, i ka makahiki 1948, hīmeni ʻo ia i ka "The Song of the Earth", a ma nā ʻahaʻaina o 1949 a me 1951 ua hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Orpheus, i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka hoihoi nui mai ka lehulehu a me ka paʻi. Ma Holland, i Iulai 1949, me ke komo ʻana o ka mea mele, ua mālama ʻia ka honua mua o Britten's "Spring Symphony". I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 40, ua ʻike ʻia nā moʻolelo mua a Ferrier. I loko o ka discography o ka mea mele, he wahi ko'iko'i ka noho 'ana e ka ho'opa'a 'ana i nā mele po'e Pelekāne, ke aloha āna i mālama ai i kona ola a pau.

I Iune 1950, ua komo ka mea mele i ka International Bach Festival ma Vienna. ʻO ka hana mua a Ferrière ma mua o kahi anaina kūloko ma Matthew Passion ma ka Musikverein ma Vienna.

"ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano noʻeau a Ferrier - ka hanohano kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻalahi naʻauao - he mea kupanaha loa i kāna wehewehe ʻana Bach, piha i ka hohonu hohonu a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana," wahi a VV Timokhin. - Manaʻo maikaʻi ʻo Ferrier i ka monumentality o nā mele a Bach, kona manaʻo noʻonoʻo a me ka nani hanohano. Me ka momona o ka papa kala o kona leo, kala ʻo ia i ka laina leo o Bach, hāʻawi iā ia i kahi "multicolor" kupaianaha a, ʻo ka mea nui loa, "voluminousness". Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻōlelo a pau a Ferrier e ka manaʻo ikaika - ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻano o kahi ʻōlelo aloha ākea. Kāohi mau ʻia ka ʻōlelo a ka mea mele, akā aia kekahi ʻano maikaʻi i loko ona - ka waiwai o nā nuances psychological, kahi mea koʻikoʻi no ka mele a Bach. Ke haʻi aku ʻo Ferrier i ke ʻano o ke kaumaha ma kona leo, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka mea hoʻolohe i ka manaʻo e ʻō ana ka hua o kahi hakakā koʻikoʻi i loko o kona ʻōpū. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka manaʻo ʻālohilohi, hauʻoli, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia o ka mea mele i kona "spectrum" ponoʻī - haʻalulu hopohopo, agitation, impulsiveness.

I ka makahiki 1952, ua hoʻokipa ke kapikala o ʻAsuria iā Ferrier ma hope o ka hana maikaʻi ʻana o ka māhele mezzo-soprano i ka Song of the Earth. I kēlā manawa, ua ʻike mua ka mea mele ua maʻi ʻo ia, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka ikaika o kāna hana noʻeau.

I Pepeluali 1953, ua loaʻa i ka mea mele ka ikaika e hoʻi i ke kahua o ka Covent Garden Theatre, kahi i hoʻokani ʻia ai kāna aloha ʻo Orpheus. Ua hana ʻo ia i ʻelua mau hana ma waho o nā papa ʻehā i hoʻolālā ʻia, akā, me kona maʻi, ua nani ʻo ia e like me nā manawa a pau.

No ka laʻana, kākau ʻo Critic Winton Dean ma ka nūpepa ʻOpera e pili ana i ka hana mua ma Pepeluali 3, 1953: "ʻO ka nani kupaianaha o kona leo, ke mele kiʻekiʻe a me ka makemake nui i hiki ai i ka mea mele ke hoʻokomo i ke kumu nui o ka moʻolelo o Orpheus. ke kaumaha o ke kanaka a me ka mana lanakila o ke mele. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kahua o Ferrier, me ka hōʻike mau ʻana, he mea kupanaha loa i kēia manawa. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka hana o ka nani hoʻohiwahiwa a me ka hoʻopā ʻana i uhi piha ʻo ia i kāna mau hoa hana.

Auwe, ma ka la 8 o Okatoba, 1953, ua make o Ferrier.