ʻO ke aʻo 1

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kumu o ka manaʻo mele a me ka haku mele mele, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ke kani. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kani ke kumu o ke mele, inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke mele.

Eia kekahi, pono ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi manaʻo e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana note-octave. Pili pololei kēia i nā waiwai o ke kani.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, i ka haʻawina mua he papahana nui kā mākou e kali nei iā mākou, a maopopo mākou e hoʻokō ʻoe! No laila e hoʻomaka kākou.

ʻAno kino o ke kani

ʻO ka mea mua, e aʻo kākou i nā waiwai o ke kani mai ka manaʻo o ka physics.

hookani - He ʻano kino kēia, ʻo ia ka hawewe hawewe mechanical e hoʻolaha ana ma kahi ʻano, ʻoi loa i ka lewa.

He mau waiwai kino ko ka leo: pitch, strength (loudness), sound spectrum (timbre).

Nā waiwai kino kumu o ke kani:

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "overtone" mai nā huaʻōlelo Pelekane ʻelua: over - "ma luna", leo - "tone". Mai kā lākou hoʻohui ʻana, loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo overtone a i ʻole "overtone". Hiki i ka lohe kanaka ke ʻike i nā kani me ke alapine o 16-20 hertz (Hz) a me ka nui o 000-10 dB.

I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokele ʻana, e ʻōlelo kākou he rustle ka 10 dB, a ʻo 130 dB ka leo o ka mokulele e haʻalele ana inā lohe ʻoe i kahi kokoke. ʻO 120-130 dB ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paepae ʻeha, inā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka ke lohe i ke kani.

Ma ke ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka laulā mai 30 Hz a ma kahi o 4000 Hz i manaʻo ʻia he ʻoluʻolu. E hoʻi mākou i kēia kumuhana ke kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana mele a me ka paona. I kēia manawa he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ka pitch a me ka leo nui o nā mea ʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā waiwai o ke kani mele.

Na Waiwai Mele

Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ke kani mele mai kekahi? He leo kēia me nā oscillations hawewe like a me ka hana like (ʻo ia hoʻi ka manawa). ʻAʻole pili ka leo me ka wā ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i pili i ka mele mele. ʻO kēia ka walaʻau, ʻōwīwī, ʻuwē, ʻūhū, ʻuā, ʻuwē a me nā leo ʻē aʻe he nui.

Ma nā hua'ōlelo, Ua like nā mea like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi he pitch, leo nui, timbre, akā ʻo kahi hui pū ʻana o kēia mau waiwai e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kani ma ke ʻano he mele. He aha nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma waho aʻe o ka periodicity, nā mea pili i ke kani mele?

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ke mele holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, a mākou e kūkākūkā nui ai ma hope. ʻO ka lua, no ke kani mele, he mea nui kona lōʻihi. ʻO kēia a i ʻole kēlā lōʻihi o ke kani i kahi kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoikaika i ke mele a i ʻole, waiho i ke kani maʻalahi. ʻO kahi kani pōkole ma ka hopena e hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻokomo i kahi kiko'ī i loko o kahi mele, a me kahi lōʻihi - e waiho i kahi manaʻo haʻahaʻa i ka poʻe hoʻolohe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili ka lōʻihi o ke kani i ka lōʻihi o nā oscillations nalu. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā haʻalulu nalu, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kani ʻana. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka lōʻihi o ke kani mele a me kona mau ʻano ʻē aʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻano e like me ke kumu o ke kani mele.

Nā kumu o ke kani mele

Inā hoʻopuka ʻia ke kani e kahi mea kani, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi kona mau ʻano kino kumu i ka lōʻihi o ke kani. E hele pololei ana ka leo ma ka pitch i makemake ʻia e like me kou paʻa ʻana i ke kī makemake o ka synthesizer. E hoʻomau ka leo ma ka leo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a hiki i kou hoʻemi ʻana a hoʻonui paha i ka leo ma ka synthesizer a i ʻole ka mea hoʻokani leo huikau uila.

Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi leo hīmeni, a laila ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā waiwai o ke kani mele. I ka manawa hea ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kani i ke kiʻekiʻe kūpono me ka nalowale ʻole o kona mana? A laila, i ka wā e huki ai ʻoe i ke kani no ka manawa lōʻihi a i ʻole i ka manawa e pono ai ʻoe e hāʻawi maoli no kekona? No ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi kani mele no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka nalowale ʻole o ka maikaʻi o ke kani, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe a me kona ikaika he kiʻi kūikawā. Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻimi i kahi leo nani a aʻo i ka hīmeni ʻana, paipai mākou iā ʻoe e aʻo i kā mākou papa pūnaewele "Voice and Speech Development".

Pūnaehana mele a me ka unahi

No ka ʻike hohonu ʻana i nā waiwai o ke kani mele, pono mākou i kekahi mau manaʻo. E like me ka ʻōnaehana mele a me ka pālākiō:

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana mele hou he 88 mau leo ​​o nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ma ke ʻano piʻi a i ʻole ka iho ʻana. ʻO ka hōʻike maopopo loa o ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana mele a me ka unahi ʻo ka piano piano.

ʻO nā kī piano 88 (36 ʻeleʻele a me 52 keʻokeʻo - e wehewehe mākou i ke kumu ma hope) uhi i nā kani mai 27,5 Hz a i 4186 Hz. Ua lawa ia mau leo ​​kani e hoʻokani i nā mele i ʻoluʻolu i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā kani ma waho o kēia ʻano i nā mele hou.

Kūkulu ʻia ka pālākiō ma luna o kekahi mau mea maʻamau. Ua ʻike ʻia e ka pepeiao ke ʻano like nā kani i ʻokoʻa ke alapine i 2 mau manawa (2 manawa kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha). I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokele ʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā manaʻo e like me ka pae unahi, octave, leo a me ka semitone i loko o ke kumumanaʻo o ke mele.

Nā ʻanuʻu unahi, octave, leo a me ka semitone

Kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia leo mele o ka unahi he ʻanuʻu. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kani like (nā ʻanuʻu unahi) i ʻokoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe ma 2 mau manawa i kapa ʻia he octave. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kani pili (ʻanuʻu) he semitone. Ua like nā Semitones i loko o kahi octave (e hoʻomanaʻo, he mea nui kēia). Hana ʻelua semitone i kahi leo.

Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā inoa i nā ʻanuʻu nui o ka paona. ʻO kēia nā "do", "re", "mi", "fa", "sol", "la", "si". E like me kou hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ʻo ia nā memo 7 a mākou i ʻike ai mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ma ke kī piano, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kaomi ʻana kī keʻokeʻo:

Mai nānā i nā helu a me nā leka Latin. E nānā i ka papa keyboard a me nā ʻanuʻu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka unahi, he mau memo nō hoʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike aia he 52 mau kī keʻokeʻo, a he 7 mau inoa o nā ʻanuʻu. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻanuʻu i loaʻa ke kani like ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā manawa 2 i hāʻawi ʻia i nā inoa like.

Inā mākou e paʻi i nā kī piano 7 i ka lālani, e kapa ʻia ke kī 8 e like me ka mea a mākou i kaomi mua ai. A, no laila, e hoʻopuka i kahi kani like, akā ma ka pālua o ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe, e pili ana i ke ala a mākou e neʻe ai. Hiki ke loaʻa nā alapine hoʻokani pololei o ka piano ma kahi papaʻaina kūikawā.

Pono ʻia kahi wehewehe hou o nā ʻōlelo ma aneʻi. ʻAʻole pili wale ka octave i ka mamao ma waena o nā kani like (nā ʻanuʻu kaulike), ʻokoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe ma 2 mau manawa, akā he 12 semitones mai ka memo "i".

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā wehewehe ʻē aʻe o ka huaʻōlelo "octave" i hoʻohana ʻia i ka manaʻo mele. Akā, no ka mea, ʻo ke kumu o kā mākou papa e hāʻawi i nā kumu o ka heluhelu mele, ʻaʻole mākou e hele hohonu i ke kumumanaʻo, akā e kaupalena iā mākou iho i ka ʻike kūpono e pono ai ʻoe e aʻo i nā mele a me nā leo.

No ka akaka a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā manaʻo i hoʻohana ʻia o ka huaʻōlelo, e hoʻohana hou mākou i ka piano piano a ʻike i ka octave he 7 mau kī keʻokeʻo a me 5 mau kī ʻeleʻele.

No ke aha ʻoe e makemake ai i nā kī ʻeleʻele ma ka piano

Eia mākou, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo mua ʻia, e wehewehe i ke kumu o ka piano he 52 mau kī keʻokeʻo a he 36 mau kī ʻeleʻele wale nō. E kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā ʻanuʻu o ka unahi a me nā semitones. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa nā mamao o nā semitones ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu nui o ka unahi. No ka laʻana, ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu (memo) "to" a me "re", "re" a me "mi" ʻike mākou i 2 semitones, ʻo ia hoʻi he kī ʻeleʻele ma waena o nā kī keʻokeʻo ʻelua, a ma waena o "mi" a me "fa" he 1 wale nō. semitone, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā kī keʻokeʻo ke ʻano. Pēlā nō, he 1 semitone wale nō ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu "si" a me "do".

ʻO ka huina, 5 mau ʻanuʻu (memo) loaʻa nā mamao o 2 semitones, a ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu (notes) loaʻa ka mamao o 1 semitone. ʻIke ʻia ka helu helu penei:

No laila, loaʻa iā mākou he 12 semitones i ka octave. Aia i ka piano piano he 7 octaves piha a me 4 mau semitones hou aku: 3 ma ka hema (kahi o na leo haahaa) a me 1 ma ka akau (leo kiekie). Helu mākou i nā mea a pau semitones a me nā kīkuleana no lakou:

No laila ua loaʻa iā mākou ka huina o nā kī piano. Hoʻomaopopo hou mākou. Ua aʻo mua mākou he 7 mau kī keʻokeʻo a me 5 mau kī ʻeleʻele i kēlā me kēia octave. Ma waho aʻe o ka 7 octaves, loaʻa iā mākou he 3 mau kī keʻokeʻo a me 1 ʻeleʻele. Helu mua mākou kī keʻokeʻo:

I kēia manawa helu mākou kī ʻeleʻele:

Eia kā mākou mau kī ʻeleʻele 36 a me nā kī keʻokeʻo 52.

Me he mea lā ua noʻonoʻo ʻoe i nā ʻanuʻu o ka unahi, nā octaves, nā leo a me nā semitones. E hoʻomanaʻo i kēia ʻike, no ka mea e hiki mai ana ia i ka haʻawina aʻe, ke neʻe mākou i kahi noiʻi kikoʻī o ka notation mele. A pono kēia ʻike ma ka haʻawina hope, ke aʻo mākou i ka hoʻokani piano.

E wehewehe hou kākou i hoʻokahi manaʻo. ʻO nā hana maʻamau o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi unahi like nō ia no nā leo mele a pau, inā i unuhi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka piano, guitar a i ʻole leo hīmeni. Ua hoʻohana mākou i ka piano piano no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea wale nō ma muli o ka ʻoi aku o ka maopopo.

Ma ke ala like, e hoʻohana mākou i ka piano e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōnaehana note-octave i nā kikoʻī hou aku. Pono e hana ʻia kēia ma ka haʻawina o kēia lā, no ka mea. ma ka mea aʻe e neʻe mākou i ka notation mele a me ka notation o nā memo ma ka stave.

Pūnaehana note-octave

Ma keʻano laulā, uhi ʻia ka laulā o nā leo i hiki ke lohe ʻia i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka ma kahi o 11 octaves. No ka mea, pili ko mākou papa i ka heluhelu mele, makemake wale mākou i nā kani mele, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 9 octaves. I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā octaves a me ko lākou mau pae pitch pili, paipai mākou e hele mai luna a lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka pae o luna a i lalo. E hōʻike ʻia ka pitch ma hertz no kēlā me kēia octave ma ka ʻōnaehana binary no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomanaʻo.

Nā ʻoka (inoa) a me nā pae:

ʻAʻole kūpono ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā octave ʻē aʻe i ka pōʻaiapili o nā leo mele. No laila, ʻo ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa no nā kāne ʻo F sharp o ka 5th octave (5989 Hz), a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia moʻolelo e Amirhossein Molai ma Iulai 31, 2019 ma Tehran (Iran) [Guinness World Records, 2019]. Hiki i ka mea mele ʻo Dimash mai Kazakhstan i ka memo "re" i ka 5th octave (4698 Hz). A ʻo nā kani me ke kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o 16 Hz ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka pepeiao kanaka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka papaʻaina piha o nā leka o nā memo i nā alapine a me nā octaves ma keia kii:

Hōʻike ʻia ka memo mua o ka octave mua i ka poni, ʻo ia hoʻi ka memo "do", a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo - memo "la" o ka octave mua. Aia ma luna ona, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka alapine o 1 Hz, ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua hoʻokomo mua ʻia nā tuner a pau no ke ana ʻana i ka pitch.

Nā memo ma octave: koho koho

I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hōʻike i ke ʻano o kahi memo (pitch) i nā octaves like ʻole. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi ke kākau i nā inoa o nā memo e like me: "do", "re", "mi", "fa", "sol", "la", "si".

ʻO ka koho ʻelua ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Helmholtz notation". Hoʻopili kēia ʻano i ka koho ʻana i nā memo ma nā leka Latin, a no ka octave - i nā helu. E hoʻomaka kākou me nā memo.

Helmholtz pepa mele:

He mea nui nō hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka memo "si" i kekahi manawa e ka leka B, akā ma ka leka H. ʻO ka leka H he kuʻuna no nā mele kahiko, ʻoiai ʻo ka leka B i manaʻo ʻia he koho hou aku. Ma kā mākou papa, e ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻano like ʻelua, no laila e hoʻomanaʻo ʻo B a me H ke kū nei no "si".

I kēia manawa i nā octaves. Ua kākau ʻia nā memo ma ka mua a hiki i ka lima octave ma nā leka Latin liʻiliʻi a hōʻike ʻia e nā helu mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 5. Aia nā memo o kahi octave liʻiliʻi ma nā leka Latin liʻiliʻi me ka helu ʻole. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka hui: liʻiliʻi octave - nā leka liʻiliʻi. Ua kākau ʻia nā memo o kahi octave nui ma nā leka Latin nui. E hoʻomanaʻo: nui octave - nā leka nui. Ua kākau ʻia nā memo o ka contra-octave a me ka sub-contra-octave i nā hua nui a me nā helu 1 a me 2.

Nā memo ma octaves e like me Helmholtz:

Inā haʻohaʻo kekahi i ke kumu i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ai ka leka mua o ka octave e ka leka mua o ka alphabet Latin, e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i kekahi manawa i hoʻomaka ka helu helu me ka memo "la", ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka inoa A. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo lākou e hoʻomaka i ka helu octave mai ka memo "to" , i hāʻawi mua ʻia i ka inoa C. I mea e pale ai i ka huikau i nā ʻōlelo mele, ua hoʻoholo mākou e mālama i nā inoa leka o nā memo e like me lākou.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i ka notation a Helmholtz a me nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe i kāna hana, i loaʻa ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa "The Doctrine of auditory sensations as a physiological basis for the theory of music" [G. Helmholtz, 2013].

A ʻo ka hope, ʻo ka notation ʻepekema, i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka American Acoustic Society ma 1939 a pili pū i kēia lā. Hōʻike ʻia nā memo e nā leka Latin nui, a no ka octave - e nā helu mai 0 a 8.

Notation ʻepekema:

E ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole i kūlike nā helu me nā inoa o nā octave mai ka mua a i ka lima. Hoʻopunipuni pinepine kēia kūlana i nā mea hana i nā papahana kūikawā no nā mea mele. No laila, inā kānalua, e nānā mau i ke kani a me ke kani o ka memo me ka tuner. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻoiho i ka polokalamu kelepona Pano Tuner a ʻae iā ia e komo i ka microphone.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻohui ʻana no ka manawa mua i paʻi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana o ka palapala ʻepekema ma ka pukana Iulai o The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America) [The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1939] .

I kēia manawa, e hōʻuluʻulu mākou i nā ʻōnaehana notation note i ʻae ʻia i kēia manawa no kēlā me kēia octave. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hana hou mākou i ke kiʻi i kamaʻāina iā ʻoe me ka piano piano a me nā koho o nā ʻanuʻu o ka pālākiō (memo), akā me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hoʻolohe. ka helu a me ka pī'āpā inoa:

A ʻo ka mea hope loa, no ka ʻike piha loa i ka ʻike kumu o ka manaʻo mele, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano o nā leo a me nā semitones.

Nā ʻano leo a me nā semitones

E ʻōlelo koke kākou, mai kahi manaʻo i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻaʻole pono kēia ʻike iā ʻoe no ka pāʻani ʻana i nā mea kani a i ʻole ke aʻo ʻana i nā leo. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa nā huaʻōlelo e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano leo a me nā semitones i loko o nā palapala kūikawā. No laila, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana iā lākou i ʻole e noʻonoʻo i nā manawa hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka palapala a i ʻole ke aʻo hohonu ʻana i nā mea mele.

Leo (ʻano):

Halftone (ʻano):

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻōlelo hou ʻia nā inoa, no laila ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻomanaʻo. No laila, e noʻonoʻo kākou!

Semitone diatonic (ʻano):

ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona āu e ʻike ai ma ke kiʻi:

Semitone Chromatic (ʻano):

Leo diatonic (ʻano):

Leo Chromatic (ʻano):

E wehewehe mākou ua lawe ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona mai ka puke a Varfolomey Vakhromeev "Elementary Theory of Music" a hōʻike ʻia ma ka piano piano no ka maopopo, no ka mea. e aʻo mākou i ke koʻokoʻo ma ka haʻawina e hiki mai ana, a pono mākou i nā manaʻo o ka leo a me ka semitone i kēia manawa [V. Vakhromeev, 1961]. Ma keʻano laulā, e kamaʻilio pinepine mākou i nā hana a kēia kumu aʻo Lūkini nui a me ka mea hoʻokani mele i loko o kā mākou papa.

Ma ke ala, i ka makahiki 1984, he mau mahina ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Varfolomey Vakhromeev i ka Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir o ka 2nd degree no ka "Textbook of Church Singing" āna i hōʻuluʻulu ai no nā kula theological. o ka Ekalesia Orthodox o Rusia. Ua paʻi hou ʻia ka puke ma hope o kona make ʻana [V. Vakhromeev, 2013].

Hōʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o 2 semitones e ka ʻoi ʻelua a i ʻole ka ʻoi ʻelua, ʻo ka emi ʻana o 2 semitones e hōʻike ʻia e ka palahalaha pālua a i ʻole pālua pālua. No ka ʻoi ʻelua he kiʻi kūikawā, e like me ke keʻa, akā, no ka mea paʻakikī ke kiʻi ʻia ma ka papa keyboard, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka notation ♯♯ a i ʻole ʻelua mau hōʻailona paona ##. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi me nā papa pālua, kākau lākou i nā hōʻailona 2 ♭♭ a i ʻole nā ​​leka Latin bb.

A ʻo ka mea hope loa e pono ai ʻoe e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kumuhana "Properties of sound" ʻo ia ka anharmonicity o nā kani. Ua aʻo mua ʻoe he like nā semitones i loko o kahi octave. No laila, ʻo ke kani i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e ka semitone e pili ana i ka ʻanuʻu nui e like nō ia ma ka pitch me kahi kani i hoʻāla ʻia e ka semitone pili i ka ʻanuʻu ʻelua semitones haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo A-flat (A♭) a me G-sharp (G♯‎) o ka leo octave like like. Pēlā nō, i loko o kahi octave, G-flat (G♭) a me F-sharp (F♯‎), E-flat (E♭) a me D-sharp (D♯‎), D-flat (D♭) a hiki i -sharp (С♯‎), etc. ʻO ke ʻano o nā leo o ke kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi he mau inoa ʻokoʻa a hōʻike ʻia e nā hōʻailona like ʻole i kapa ʻia he anharmonicity o nā leo.

No ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike, ua hōʻike mākou i kēia ʻano ma ka laʻana o nā ʻanuʻu (memo), ma waena o 2 semitones. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, inā he 1 semitone wale nō ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu nui, ʻaʻole maopopo kēia. No ka laʻana, ʻo F-flat (F♭) maʻemaʻe E (E), a ʻo E-koi (E♯‎) maʻemaʻe F (F). Eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā puke kūikawā e pili ana i ka manaʻo mele, hiki ke loaʻa nā inoa e like me F-flat (F♭) a me E-sharp (E♯‎). Ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o lākou.

I kēia lā ua aʻo ʻoe i nā waiwai kino o ke kani ma ke ʻano nui a me nā waiwai o ke kani mele. Ua hana ʻoe i ka ʻōnaehana mele a me ka unahi, nā ʻanuʻu unahi, nā octaves, nā leo a me nā semitones. Ua hoʻomaopopo pū ʻoe i ka ʻōnaehana note-octave a ua mākaukau ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i nā mea o ka haʻawina, kahi i hoʻokomo ai mākou i nā nīnau koʻikoʻi mai kahi ʻike kūpono.

Hoʻāʻo ʻike haʻawina

Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i kou ʻike ma ke kumuhana o kēia haʻawina, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kahi hoʻokolohua pōkole me nā nīnau he nui. 1 wale nō koho hiki ke pololei no kēlā me kēia nīnau. Ma hope o kou koho ʻana i kekahi o nā koho, neʻe aunoa ka ʻōnaehana i ka nīnau aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia nā helu i loaʻa iā ʻoe e ka pololei o kāu mau pane a me ka manawa i hala. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo he ʻokoʻa nā nīnau i kēlā me kēia manawa, a ua shuffle nā ​​koho.

A i kēia manawa, huli mākou i ka nānā ʻana i ka notation mele.