Lev Nikolayevich Revutsky |
Lev Revutsky
ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka moʻolelo o Ukrainian Soviet music e pili ana me ka inoa o L. Revutsky. He liʻiliʻi ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o ka mea haku mele – 2 symphonies, kahi piano concerto, kahi sonata a me nā ʻano mea liʻiliʻi no ka pianoforte, 2 cantatas ("Handkerchief" e pili ana i ka mele a T. Shevchenko "ʻAʻole wau i hele i ka Lāpule" a me ka leo-symphonic. poem “Ode to a Song” e pili ana i na pauku a M. Rylsky) , himeni, himeni a oi aku he 120 mau hoololi o na mele. He mea paʻakikī naʻe ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana i ka haʻawina o ka haku mele i ka moʻomeheu lāhui. ʻO kāna ʻaha mele ka hiʻohiʻona mua o kēia ʻano i nā mele ʻoihana Ukrainian, ua hoʻokumu ka Second Symphony i ke kumu o ka symphony Soviet Ukrainian. ʻO kāna mau hōʻiliʻili a me kāna mau hoʻololi ʻana i hoʻomohala nui i nā kuʻuna i waiho ʻia e nā poʻe loea e like me N. Lysenko, K. Stetsenko, Ya. Stepova. ʻO Revutsky ka mea nāna i hoʻomaka i ka hana o ka moʻolelo Soviet.
Ua hiki mai ka la nui o ka hana a ka haku mele i ka makahiki 20. a i hui pū ʻia me ka wā o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻike lāhui, ke aʻo ikaika ʻana i kāna mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu i hala. I kēia manawa, piʻi nui ka hoihoi i ka ʻoihana o ke kenekulia 1921, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻuhane o ka anti-serfdom. (ʻoi loa i ka hana a T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, L. Ukrainka), i nā kiʻi kanaka. I ka makahiki 1919, ua wehe ʻia kahi keʻena mele a me ka ethnographic ma Kyiv ma ka Academy of Science o ka Ukrainian SSR, nā hōʻiliʻili o nā mele a me nā haʻawina moʻomeheu e alakaʻi i nā loea moʻolelo K. Kvitka, G. Verevka, N. Leontovich, a ua paʻi ʻia nā puke mele. ua paʻi ʻia. Ua puka mai ka repubalika symphony orchestra mua (XNUMX), keena hui, ua weheia na hale keaka keaka mele aupuni. ʻO ia i loko o kēia mau makahiki i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā aesthetics o Revutsky, kokoke i kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa i ʻike ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻano kiʻi kanaka waiwai loa, ua komo ka mele a Revutsky i kāna mele ʻoiaʻiʻo kūikawā a me ka laulā epic, ka ʻōlinolino a me ka nani. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka harmonical classic, proportionality, bright optimistic mood.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Revutsky i loko o kahi ʻohana mele akamai. Ua mālama pinepine ʻia nā ʻaha mele ma ka home, kahi i kani ai nā mele a I, S. Bach, WA Mozart, F. Schubert. I ke kakahiaka nui, ua kamaaina ke keiki i ka mele. I ka makahiki 5, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Revutsky e aʻo i nā mele me kona makuahine, a laila me nā kumu kula panalāʻau. I ka makahiki 1903, ua komo ʻo ia i ke kula ʻo Kyiv of Music and Drama, kahi o kāna kumu piano ʻo N. Lysenko, he haku mele koʻikoʻi a hoʻokumu i nā mele ʻoihana Ukrainian. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i kaupalenaʻia ka makemake o Revutsky i kona wā'ōpiopio i nā mele wale nō, a ma 1908. ua komoʻo ia i ka Faculty of Physics and Mathematics a me ka Faculty of Law of Kyiv University. Ma ke ʻano like, hele ka mea haku mele e hiki mai ana i nā haʻiʻōlelo ma ke kula mele RMO. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, aia kahi hui opera ikaika ma Kyiv, nāna i hoʻokani i nā mele mele Lūkini a me Western European; Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻaha mele symphonic a me ke keʻena, e like me S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, V. Landovskaya, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov. Me ka mālie, ke ola mele o ke kūlanakauhale captivates Revutsky, a, e hoomau ana i kana mau haʻawina ma ke kulanui, ua komo i ka conservatory i wehe ma ke kumu o ke kula ma ka papa o R. Gliere (1913). Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kaua a me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao āpau i pili pū me ia i hoʻopau i nā haʻawina ʻōnaehana. I ka makahiki 1916, ua puka 'o Revutsky mai ke kulanui a me ka conservatory ma ka wikiwiki (ua hō'ike 'ia 'elua hapa o ka First Symphony a me kekahi mau 'āpana piano ma ke 'ano he hana thesis). Ma 2, hoʻopau ʻo ia ma ke alo o Riga. Ma hope wale nō o ka Great October Socialist Revolution, i ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home i Irzhavets, ua komo ka haku mele i ka hana hoʻomohala - ua kākau ʻo ia i nā mele aloha, nā mele kaulana, nā mele, a me kekahi o kāna mau mele maikaʻi loa, ʻo ka cantata The Handkerchief (1917).
I ka makahiki 1924, ua neʻe ʻo Revutsky i Kyiv a hoʻomaka i ke aʻo ʻana ma ka Music and Drama Institute, a ma hope o kona māhele ʻana i ke kula kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka conservatory, ua neʻe ʻo ia i ka ʻoihana haku mele ma ka conservatory, kahi, ma luna o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana, he holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hui o nā haku mele Ukrainian akamai i haʻalele i kāna papa - P a me G. Mayboroda, A. Filippenko, G. Zhukovsky, V. Kireyko, A. Kolomiets. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manaʻo noʻeau o ka haku mele ma muli o ka laulā a me ka maʻalahi. Akā ʻo ke kikowaena i loko o ia mau mea no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mele ʻōiwi - ka moʻolelo a me ka mōʻaukala, nā mele a me ka hoʻomana. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o nā pōʻai "The Sun, Galician Songs" a me ka hōʻiliʻili "Cossack Songs", kahi i noho ai i kahi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoilina o ka haku mele. ʻO ka hohonu o ka moʻolelo kuʻuna o ka ʻōlelo i loko o ka hui ʻokoʻa me nā kuʻuna noʻeau o nā mele ʻoihana hou, ʻo ke akaka o ke mele kokoke i nā mele, a me nā mele i lilo i mea hōʻailona o ka kākau lima a Revutsky. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻoi loa o ka noʻonoʻo hou ʻana i ka moʻolelo ʻo ia ka Second Symphony (1927), ka Piano Concerto (1936) a me nā ʻano like ʻole o Cossack.
I ka makahiki 30. Na ka mea haku mele i kākau i nā mele keiki, nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā hana keaka, nā mele mele ("Ballad" no cello, "Moldavian lullaby" no ka oboe a me ka string orchestra). Mai ka makahiki 1936 a hiki i ka makahiki 1955, hana ʻo Revutsky i ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe o kāna kumu - ʻo N. Lysenko's opera "Taras Bulba". Me ka puka ʻana o ke kaua, neʻe ʻo Revutsky i Tashkent a hana ma ka conservatory. ʻO ke kūlana alakaʻi o kāna hana i kēia manawa ua noho ʻia e kahi mele aloha ʻāina.
I ka makahiki 1944, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Revutsky i Kiev. Pono ka mea haku mele i ka ikaika a me ka manawa e hoʻihoʻi i nā helu o nā symphonies ʻelua a me ka concerto i nalowale i ke kaua - kākau ʻo ia iā lākou mai ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, e hana ana i nā loli. Ma waena o nā hana hou ʻo "Ode to a Song" a me "Song of the Party", i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi cantata hui. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua alakaʻi ʻo Revutsky i ka Union of Composers o ka Ukrainian SSR, a ua hana i ka nui o ka hana hoʻoponopono i nā hana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a Lysenko. A hiki i nā lā hope o kona ola ʻana, hana ʻo Revutsky ma ke ʻano he kumu, hoʻopuka i nā ʻatikala, a hana ma ke ʻano he hoa paio i ka pale ʻana i nā dissertation.
… I kekahi manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lunakahiko o nā mele Ukrainian, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Lev Nikolayevich e loiloi i kāna ala hana noʻonoʻo a ua huhū ʻo ia i ka liʻiliʻi o nā opuses ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻana o nā haku mele i hoʻopau ʻia. He aha ke kumu o kona hoʻomau pinepine ʻana i ka mea āna i kākau ai? ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana no ka hemolele, no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka nani, ka pololei a me ke ʻano kuʻuna ʻole i ka loiloi ʻana i kāna hana ponoʻī. Ua hoʻoholo mau kēia i ka manaʻo hoʻokumu o Revutsky, a i ka hopena, i kona ola a pau.
O. Dashevskaya
