Max Reger |

Max Reger

ʻO Reger kahi hōʻailona o kahi au, kahi alahaka ma waena o nā kenekulia. E. Otto

ʻO ke ola pōkole pōkole o ka mea hoʻokani mele Kelemānia koʻikoʻi - haku mele, pianist, conductor, organist, kumu a me theorist - M. Reger i hana ʻia ma ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano hana e like me ka romanticism hope, ʻoi loa ma lalo o ka mana o ke ʻano Wagnerian, ʻike ʻo Reger mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe - ma mua o ka hoʻoilina o JS Bach. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka manaʻo aloha me ka hilinaʻi ikaika i ka mea kūkulu, maopopo, naʻauao ke kumu o ka hana a Reger, kona kūlana kiʻi holomua, kokoke i nā mea mele o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "The German Neoclassicist" ʻo ka haku mele e kāna mea mahalo nui, ʻo ka mea hoʻokalakupua Lūkini kaulana ʻo V. Karatygin, me ka ʻike ʻana "He keiki ʻo Reger o ka wā hou, ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻehaʻeha a me nā wiwo ʻole."

Sensitively pane ana i ka hoʻomau 'ana i ka nohona hanana, ka nohona injustice, Reger i kona ola ana, ua pili ka'ōnaehana o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana me ka lāhui kuʻuna - ko lakou kiʻekiʻe ethos, ka cult o ka 'oihana hana, hoihoi i loko o ke kinona, keena mea kani a me ka choral mele. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o kona makua kāne, he kumu kula ma ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Bavarian ʻo Weiden, i aʻo ai iā ia, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke aʻo ʻana o ka mea hoʻokalakupua o ka halepule ʻo Weiden ʻo A. Lindner a me ke theorist Kelemania nui loa ʻo G. Riemann, nāna i hoʻokomo i loko o Reger i ke aloha no nā mele Kelemania. Ma o Riemann, ua komo mau ke mele a I. Brahms i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ka haku mele ʻōpio, ma kāna hana i ʻike mua ʻia ai ka synthesis o ka classical a me ke aloha. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole ʻo ia i hoʻoholo ai ʻo Reger e hoʻouna i kāna hana koʻikoʻi mua - ʻo ka hui organ "In Memory of Bach" (1895). Ua manaʻo ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio i ka pane i loaʻa ma mua koke o ka make ʻana o Brahms ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaikaʻi, he ʻōlelo hoʻokaʻawale mai ka haku nui, nona nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo noʻeau āna i mālama pono ai i kona ola.

Ua loaʻa iā Reger kāna mau mele mele mua loa mai kona mau mākua mai (ua aʻo kona makuakāne iā ia i ke kumumanaʻo, hoʻokani i ka okana, violin a me cello, hoʻokani kona makuahine i ka piano). ʻO nā hiki i hōʻike mua ʻia ua hiki i ke keikikāne ke pani i kāna kumu ʻo Lindner i ka hale pule no 13 mau makahiki, ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi i hoʻomaka ai e haku. I ka makahiki 1890-93. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Reger i kāna mau haku mele a me ka hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Riemann. A laila, ma Wiesbaden, hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana aʻo, i mau i kona ola a pau, ma ka Royal Academy of Music ma Munich (1905-06), ma ka Leipzig Conservatory (1907-16). Ma Leipzig, ʻo Reger hoʻi ke alakaʻi mele o ke kulanui. Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna he nui nā mea mele kaulana - I. Khas, O. Shek, E. Tokh, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ua hāʻawi nui ʻo Reger i ka hana hoʻokani, hoʻokani pinepine ma ke ʻano he piano a me ka mea hoʻokani pila. I ka makahiki 1911 – 14 makahiki. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hale pule symphony court o ke Duke o Meiningen, i hana ʻia mai ia mea he mea hoʻokani pila kupanaha i lanakila ai ʻo Kelemania a pau me kona akamai.

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike koke ʻia ka hana haku mele a Reger ma kona ʻāina hānau. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa nā premieres mua, a ma hope o ka pilikia nui, i ka makahiki 1898, ʻike hou ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka lewa maikaʻi o kona home makua, ua komo ka mea haku mele i kahi manawa o ka pōmaikaʻi. No nā makahiki 3, hana ʻo ia i nā hana he nui - op. 20-59; Aia ma waena o lākou nā hui keʻena, nā ʻāpana piano, nā leo leo, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hana okana - 7 mau manaʻo noʻonoʻo ma nā kumu mele, Fantasia a me fugue ma ke kumuhana o BACH (1900). Hiki mai ka maturity iā Reger, kona ʻike honua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā manaʻo no ke kiʻi. ʻAʻole i hāʻule i ka dogmatism, ua hahai ʻo Reger i ka huaʻōlelo i kona ola a pau: "ʻAʻohe kuʻikahi i ke mele!" Ua ʻike nui ʻia ka manaʻo o ka haku mele ma Munich, kahi i hoʻouka ʻia ai ʻo ia e kona mau hoa paio mele.

Nui ka helu (146 opuses), ʻokoʻa loa ka hoʻoilina o Reger - ʻelua ma ke ʻano (ʻaʻole lākou he pae wale nō), a ma nā kumu stylistic - mai ka wā ma mua o Bahov a hiki i Schumann, Wagner, Brahms. Akā, ua loaʻa i ka haku mele kona mau makemake kūikawā. He mau hui keʻena kēia (70 opuses no nā mele like ʻole) a me nā mele ʻokena (ma kahi o 200 haku mele). ʻAʻole ia he coincidence ma kēia wahi i ʻike nui ʻia ai ka pilina o Reger me Bach, kona hoihoi i ka polyphony, i nā ʻano mea kani kahiko. ʻO ka haʻi ʻōlelo a ka haku mele he ʻano ʻano: "Ke hana nei nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka fugues, hiki iaʻu ke noho i loko o lākou." ʻO ka monumentality o nā mele okana a Reger ka mea nui i loko o kāna mau mele mele a me ka piano, ma kahi o nā sonata maʻamau a me nā symphonies, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pōʻai hoʻololi polyphonic lōʻihi - nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā fugues ma nā kumuhana na J. Hiller a me WA ​​Mozart (1907). , 1914), Nā ʻokoʻa a me nā fugues no ka piano ma nā kumuhana na JS Bach, GF Telemann, L. Beethoven (1904, 1914, 1904). Akā, ua hoʻolohe ka mea haku mele i nā ʻano pili aloha (orchestral Four Poems after A. Becklin – 1913, Romantic Suite after J. Eichendorff – 1912; cycles of piano and vocal miniatures). Ua haʻalele ʻo ia i nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano mele - mai nā papa mele cappella a i nā cantatas a me nā mele nani 100 - 1909.

I ka hopena o kona ola, ua kaulana ʻo Reger, i ka makahiki 1910 ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻahaʻaina o kāna mele ma Dortmund. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāina mua i ʻike i ke talena o ka haku Kelemania ʻo Rūsia, kahi āna i hoʻokani maikaʻi ai i ka makahiki 1906 a kahi i hoʻokipa ʻia ai ʻo ia e ka hanauna ʻōpio o nā mea mele Lūkini i alakaʻi ʻia e N. Myaskovsky lāua ʻo S. Prokofiev.

G. Zhdanova