Ottorino Respighi (Ottorino Respighi) |

Ottorino Respighi

I ka moʻolelo o nā mele Italia i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua komo ʻo Respighi ma ke ʻano he mea kākau o nā hana symphonic program bright (poems "Roman Fountains", "Pins of Rome").

Ua hānau ʻia ka mea haku mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana i loko o ka ʻohana mele. ʻO kona kupuna kāne he mea hoʻokani ʻoka, ʻo kona makuakāne he pianist, loaʻa iā ia ʻo Respighi a lawe i kāna mau haʻawina piano mua. I ka makahiki 1891-99. Ke aʻo nei ʻo Respighi ma ka Music Lyceum ma Bologna: hoʻokani i ka violin me F. Sarti, counterpoint a fugue me Dall Olio, haku mele me L. Torqua a me J. Martucci. Mai ka makahiki 1899 ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā ʻahamele ma ke ʻano he violinist. I ka makahiki 1900, ua kākau ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau haku mele mua - "Symphonic Variations" no ka hoʻokani pila.

I ka makahiki 1901, ma ke ano he violinist ma ka orkestra, ua hele mai o Respighi i St. Eia kahi hui nui me N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Ua aloha anuanu ka haku mele Lūkini hanohano i ka malihini kamaʻāina, akā ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i kāna helu, ua hoihoi ʻo ia a ʻae ʻo ia e aʻo me ka ʻōpio Italia. He 5 mahina ka loihi o na papa. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Rimsky-Korsakov, ua kākau ʻo Respighi iā Prelude, Chorale a me Fugue no ka hoʻokani pila. Ua lilo kēia ʻatikala i kāna hana puka ma Bologna Lyceum, a ua ʻōlelo kāna kumu ʻo Martucci: "ʻAʻole ʻo Respighi he haumāna, akā he haku." ʻOiai naʻe, hoʻomau ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka haku mele: i ka makahiki 1902 ua lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina haku mele mai M. Bruch ma Berlin. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, kipa hou ʻo Respighi iā Rūsia me ka hui opera, e noho ana ma St. Petersburg a me Moscow. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Lūkini, ua kamaʻāina ʻo ia i ke ola noʻeau o kēia mau kūlanakauhale me ka hoihoi, mahalo nui ʻia i nā hana opera Moscow a me nā ballet me nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā lole a K. Korovin lāua ʻo L. Bakst. ʻAʻole pau ka pilina me Rūsia ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. Ua aʻo ʻo A. Lunacharsky ma ke Kulanui o Bologna, nāna i hōʻike i ka makemake e hele hou mai ʻo Respighi i Rusia.

ʻO Respighi kekahi o nā haku mele Italia mua i ʻike hou i nā ʻaoʻao hapa poina o nā mele Italia. I ka makahiki 1900, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi mele hou o "Ariadne's Lament" na C. Monteverdi, a ua hana maikaʻi ʻia ka haku mele ma Berlin Philharmonic.

I ka makahiki 1914, ʻo Respighi ka mea kākau o nā opera ʻekolu, akā ʻo ka hana ma kēia wahi ʻaʻole ia e holomua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka symphonic poem The Fountains of Rome (1917) i hoʻonoho i ka mea haku mele i mua o nā mea mele Italia. ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana mua o kahi ʻano symphonic trilogy: The Fountains of Rome, The Pines of Rome (1924) and The Feasts of Rome (1928). Ua ʻōlelo ʻo G. Puccini, ka mea i ʻike pono i ka haku mele a he hoaaloha pū me ia: “Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo wai ka mea mua i aʻo i nā helu a Respighi? I. Mai ka hale paʻi puke ʻo Ricordi e loaʻa iaʻu ke kope mua o kēlā me kēia helu hou a mahalo nui aʻe i kāna ʻano mea kani.

ʻO ka launa pū me I. Stravinsky, S. Diaghilev, M. Fokin a me V. Nijinsky he mea nui loa ia no ka hana a Respighi. I ka makahiki 1919, ua hoʻokani ka hui ʻo Diaghilev ma Lākana i kāna ballet ʻo The Miracle Shop, ma muli o ke mele o nā ʻāpana piano a G. Rossini.

Mai ka makahiki 1921, ua hana pinepine ʻo Respighi ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, e hana ana i kāna mau mele ponoʻī, e huakaʻi ana ma ke ʻano he pianist ma ʻEulopa, USA, a me Brazil. Mai 1913 a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola, ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui o Santa Cecilia ma Roma, a ma 1924-26. ʻo ia kona alakaʻi.

Hoʻohui kūʻokoʻa ka hana symphonic a Respighi i nā ʻenehana kākau hou, hoʻokani kala (ka symphonic trilogy i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, "Brazilian Impressions"), a me ka makemake i ke mele kahiko, nā ʻano kahiko, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea o ka neoclassicism. Ua kākau ʻia kekahi mau hana a ka mea haku mele ma nā kumuhana o ke mele Gregorian (“Gregorian Concerto” no ka violin, “Concerto in Mixolydian mode” a me 3 preludes ma nā mele Gregorian no ka piano, “Doria Quartet”). Loaʻa iā Respighi nā hoʻonohonoho manuahi o nā keaka "The Servant-Madam" na G. Pergolesi, "Female Tricks" na D. Cimarosa, "Orpheus" na C. Monteverdi a me nā hana ʻē aʻe a nā haku haku Italia kahiko, orchestration o ʻelima "Etudes-Paintings" na S. Rachmaninov, he organ passacaglia ma C minor JS Bach.

V. Ilyeva

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