Grzegorz Fitelberg |
Grzegorz Fitelberg
Aia kēia mea pena i kekahi o nā wahi kaulana loa i ka moʻomeheu mele Polani o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua aie nui ka mele Polani ia Grzegorz Fitelberg no kona ike ana, kona komo ana i na kahua ahamele o ka honua holookoa.
ʻO ka makuakāne o ka mea pena i ka wā e hiki mai ana - ʻo Grzegorz Fitelberg Sr. - he alakaʻi pūʻali koa a, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi talena koʻikoʻi i kāna keiki, ua hoʻouna ʻo ia iā ia i ka Warsaw Music Institute i ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua. Ua puka 'o Fitelberg i ka makahiki 1896 ma ka papa violin o S. Bartsevich a ma ka papa haku mele o 3. Noskovsky, ua loaa ka makana I. Paderevsky no kona sonata violin. Ma hope o kēlā, lilo ʻo ia i haku mele no ka Warsaw Opera House Orchestra, a ma hope o ka Philharmonic. Me ka mea hope, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma 1904, a he mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hana alakaʻi maʻamau.
I kēia manawa, ua kaulana ʻo Fitelberg ma ke ʻano he haku mele hoihoi, ka mea kākau o ʻelua symphonies, symphonic poems (me nā mele e pili ana i ka Falcon na M. Gorky), ke keʻena a me nā haku mele. Me nā mea hoʻokani pila Polani holomua - M. Karlovich, K. Shimanovsky, L. Ruzhitsky, A. Sheluta -ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka hui'ōpio Polani, i manaʻo e hāpai i nā mele aupuni hou. A haʻalele koke ʻo Fitelberg i ka haku mele no ka lawelawe ʻana i kēia kumu me kāna hana alakaʻi.
Ma ka makahiki ʻelua o ko mākou kenekulia, ua ʻike ʻia ka conductor Fitelberg. Hana ʻo ia i kāna huakaʻi mua me ka Warsaw Philharmonic, alakaʻi ma ka Vienna Court Opera a ma nā ʻaha mele o ka Society of Friends of Music, hāʻawi i nā ʻaha mele ma ka ʻahaʻaina mua o nā mele Polani ma Krakow. Ua lōʻihi ka manawa o ka mea pena i Rusia - mai 1914 a 1921. Ua alakaʻiʻo ia i nā'ahamele ma ke kahua kaʻaahi Pavlovsky, alakaʻi i ka State Symphony Orchestra, alakaʻi i nā hana ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Mariinsky a me Bolshoi.
Ke hana nei ʻo Fitelberg me ka hoihoi a me ka ikaika mai kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau. I ka makahiki 1925-1934, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, a laila hoʻonohonoho i kāna hui ponoʻī - ka Polish Radio Orchestra, i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1927 i ka mekala gula ma ka World Exhibition ma Paris. Eia kekahi, hana mau ka mea pena i ka Warsaw Opera, hana i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hāʻawi wale i nā ʻahamele, akā alakaʻi pū i nā hana opera a me nā ballet. No laila, i ka makahiki 1924, ua kū ʻo ia ma ka podium o S. Diaghilev's Russian Ballet, a i ka makahiki 1922 ua paʻa ʻo ia i ka premiere o Stravinsky's Mavra ma ka Grand Opera ma Paris. Ua kipa pinepine ʻo Fitelberg i ka USSR, kahi i hauʻoli nui ai kāna kiʻi i ke aloha o ka poʻe hoʻolohe. "ʻO kēlā me kēia hui hou me ia e ʻoluʻolu i kahi ala hou. He haku keia o ke ano nui, aka nae i kaohiia, he mea hoonohonoho akamai i ka orkestra, hiki ke hoonoho malalo iho o kana papa hana noonoo a hohonu,” i kakau ai o A. Goldenweiser e pili ana iaia.
ʻO ka mea hoʻokani mua o ka hapa nui o nā mele a kona mau hoaaloha ma ka hui ʻōpio Polani, ua hāʻawi pū ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele ma waho, nā papahana i haku wale ʻia i nā hana a Szymanowski, Karlovich, Ruzhitsky, a me nā mea kākau ʻōpio - Wojtowicz, Maklakevich , Palester, Perkovsky, Kondratsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka kaulana kaulana o Szymanowski ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o kāna mele a Fitelberg. Ma ka manawa like, ua kaulana ʻo Fitelberg iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he unuhi unuhi maikaʻi loa i nā hana a nā mea haku mele nui loa o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX - Ravel, Roussel, Hindemith, Milhaud, Honegger a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma ka home a ma waho, hoʻokani mau ka mea alakaʻi i nā mele Lūkini, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Scriabin, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky; Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, ua hoʻokani mua ʻia ʻo D. Shostakovich's First Symphony ma Polani.
A hiki i ka hopena o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Fitelberg i kāna mau talena a pau i ka lawelawe ʻana i kāna hana ʻōiwi. I nā makahiki wale nō o ka noho Nazi, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele iā Polani a hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele ma Netherlands, ʻEnelani, Pokukala, ʻAmelika, a me ʻAmelika Hema. I ka hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau i ka makahiki 1947, ua alakaʻi ka mea pena kiʻi i ka Polish Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra ma Katowice, i aʻo ʻia ma ka Warsaw Conservatory, hana nui me nā hui mele amateur, a komo i nā hana lehulehu. Ua loaʻa iā Fitelberg nā makana kiʻekiʻe loa a me nā makana o ka Lepupalika Polani Polani.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
