Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova |

Nadezhda Obukhova

Laureate o ka Stalin Prize (1943), People's Artist of the USSR (1937).

No nā makahiki he nui, hoʻokani ka mea mele EK me Obukhova. Katulskaya. Eia kāna mea i ʻōlelo ai: "ʻO kēlā me kēia hana me ke komo ʻana o Nadezhda Andreevna me he mea lā a ʻoliʻoli a hauʻoli nui. Loaʻa i kahi leo hoʻokalakupua, ʻokoʻa i kona nani o ka timbre, ka haʻihaʻi kiʻi maʻalahi, ka ʻenehana leo maikaʻi a me ka hana kiʻi, ua hana ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna i kahi kiʻi holoʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi kahua o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola hohonu a me ka hoʻopiha piha.

Loaʻa iā Nadezhda Andreevna kahi mana kupaianaha o ka hoʻololi kiʻi, ua hiki iā Nadezhda Andreevna ke ʻimi i ke kala pono o ka intonation, nā nuances maʻalahi no ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi kahua, no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo like ʻole o ke kanaka. Ua hui mau ʻia ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka hana me ka nani o ke kani a me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova ma Malaki 6, 1886 ma Moscow, i loko o kahi ʻohana hanohano kahiko. Ua make koke kona makuahine mai ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO ka makuakāne, ʻo Andrei Trofimovich, he kanaka koa kaulana, paʻa i nā ʻoihana aupuni, hāʻawi i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki i kona kupuna kāne makuahine. Ua hānai ʻo Adrian Semenovich Mazaraki i kāna mau moʻopuna - ʻo Nadia, kona kaikuahine ʻo Anna a me kona kaikaina ʻo Yuri - ma kona kauhale, ma ka moku ʻo Tambov.

"He mea hoʻokani piano maikaʻi loa ʻo ke kupuna kāne, a ua hoʻolohe au iā Chopin lāua ʻo Beethoven i kāna hana no nā hola," wahi a Nadezhda Andreevna ma hope. Na ke kupuna kāne i hoʻolauna i ke kaikamahine i ka hoʻokani piano a me ka hīmeni ʻana. Ua kūleʻa nā papa: i ka makahiki 12, ua hoʻokani ʻo Nadya liʻiliʻi i ka pō ʻo Chopin a me nā symphonies a Hayd a me Mozart ma nā lima ʻehā me kona kupuna kāne, hoʻomanawanui, koʻikoʻi a koi.

Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna wahine a me kāna kaikamahine, ua makaʻu nui ʻo Adrian Semenovich ʻaʻole e maʻi kāna mau moʻopuna i ka maʻi maʻi, a no laila i ka makahiki 1899 ua lawe ʻo ia i kāna mau moʻopuna i Nice.

"Ma waho aʻe o kā mākou aʻo ʻana me Polofesa Ozerov," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ka mea mele, "hoʻomaka mākou e lawe i nā papa i ka palapala Farani a me ka mōʻaukala. ʻO kēia nā papa hana pilikino a Madame Vivodi. Ua hele mākou i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka French Revolution i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia kumuhana iā mākou e Vivodi ponoʻī, he wahine naʻauao loa i pili i ka poʻe akamai holomua holomua o Farani. Ua hoʻomau ke kupuna kāne i ka pāʻani mele me mākou.

Hele mākou i Nice no ʻehiku hoʻoilo (mai 1899 a 1906) a i ke kolu o ka makahiki, i ka makahiki 1901, hoʻomaka mākou e lawe i nā haʻawina hīmeni mai Eleanor Linman.

Ua makemake au i ka hīmeni ʻana mai koʻu wā kamaliʻi. A ʻo kaʻu moeʻuhane, ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i ka hīmeni. Ua haʻi aku au i koʻu mau manaʻo me koʻu kupuna kāne, ua pane maikaʻi ʻo ia i kēia a ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua noʻonoʻo mua ʻo ia. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e nīnau e pili ana i nā polopeka hīmeni, a ua haʻi ʻia ʻo Madame Lipman, he haumāna a Pauline Viardot kaulana, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kumu maikaʻi loa ma Nice. Ua hele māua me koʻu kupuna kāne iā ia, ua noho ʻo ia ma ka Boulevard Garnier, ma kona hale liʻiliʻi. Ua aloha aloha mai ʻo Madame Lipman iā mākou, a i ka haʻi ʻana mai o ke kupuna kāne iā ia i ke kumu o ko mākou hōʻea ʻana, ua hauʻoli loa ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana he poʻe Lūkini mākou.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, ʻike ʻo ia he leo maikaʻi ko mākou a ʻae ʻo ia e hana pū me mākou. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i ʻike koke i koʻu mezzo-soprano a ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma ke kaʻina hana e ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi ala e ulu ai koʻu leo ​​- i lalo a i luna.

Ua huhū loa au i ka ʻike ʻana o Madame Lipman he soprano kaʻu, a huāhuā i koʻu kaikuahine no ka mea ua ʻike ʻo Madame Lipman iā ia he mezzo-soprano. Ua maopopo iaʻu he mezzo-soprano kaʻu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kani haʻahaʻa iaʻu.

He mea hoihoi na haawina a Madame Lipman, a hele aku au ia lakou me ka hauoli. Ua hele pū ʻo Madame Lipman iā mākou a hōʻike iā mākou pehea e hīmeni ai. I ka pau ʻana o ka haʻawina, hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna hana noʻeau, hīmeni ʻo ia i nā ʻano aria like ʻole mai nā opera; no ka laʻana, ka contralto hapa o Fidesz mai Meyerbeer ka opera The Prophet, ka aria no ka dramatic soprano Rachel mai Halevy ka opera Zhidovka, ka coloratura aria o Marguerite me Momi mai Gounod's opera Faust. Ua hoʻolohe mākou me ka hoihoi, kāhāhā i kona akamai, ʻenehana a me ka laulā o kona leo, ʻoiai ʻo ka leo ponoʻī he leo ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ʻoʻoleʻa, a hāmama ʻo ia i kona waha ākea a ʻino. Ua hele pū ʻo ia iā ia iho. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi koʻu ʻike i ka hana noʻeau, akā ua kāhāhā kona akamai. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻa mau kaʻu mau haʻawina, no ka mea, ua ʻeha pinepine au a ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hīmeni.

Ma hope o ka make ʻana o ko lāua kupuna kāne, ua hoʻi ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna lāua ʻo Anna Andreevna i ko lāua ʻāina hānau. ʻO ka ʻanakala o Nadezhda, ʻo Sergei Trofimovich Obukhov, i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he luna keaka. Ua huki ʻo ia i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka leo o Nadezhda Andreevna a me kona makemake i ka hale keaka. Ua kōkua ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1907 Nadezhda i komo i ka Conservatory Moscow.

"ʻO ka papa o ke kaukaʻi kaulana ʻo Umberto Mazetti ma ka Conservatory Moscow i lilo, me he mea lā, ʻo ia kona home lua," i kākau ai ʻo GA Polyanovsky. - Me ka ikaika, e poina ana i ka hiamoe a me ka hoʻomaha, ua aʻo ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna, e hopu ana, e like me ka mea iā ia, nalowale. Akā ua hoʻomau ka nawaliwali o ke olakino, ua hikiwawe ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau. Pono ke kino i ka mālama akahele - ua pilikia nā maʻi i ka wā kamaliʻi, a ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoilina. I ka makahiki 1908, hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ia mau haʻawina kūleʻa, pono wau e hoʻopau i kaʻu mau haʻawina ma ka conservatory no kekahi manawa a hoʻi i Italia no ka mālama ʻana. Ua lilo ʻo ia i 1909 ma Sorrento, ma Naples, ma Capri.

… I ka wā i ikaika ai ke olakino o Nadezhda Andreevna, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻomākaukau no ka huakaʻi hoʻi.

Mai 1910 - hou Moscow, conservatory, papa o Umberto Mazetti. Ke hana nui nei ʻo ia, hoʻomaopopo a koho i nā mea waiwai āpau i ka ʻōnaehana Mazetti. He kumu aʻoaʻo maikaʻi a naʻauao i kōkua i ka haumāna e aʻo e lohe iā ia iho, e hoʻohui i ke kahe kūlohelohe o kona leo.

Ke hoʻomau nei i ke aʻo ʻana ma ka conservatory, hele ʻo Obukhova i ka makahiki 1912 e hoʻāʻo ma St. Petersburg, ma ka Mariinsky Theatre. Maanei ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma lalo o ka pseudonym Andreeva. I ke kakahiaka aʻe, ua heluhelu ka mea mele ʻōpio i ka nūpepa ʻekolu wale nō mau mele i kū i ka hoʻokolokolo ma ka hale keaka ʻo Mariinsky: Okuneva, kahi soprano dramatic, ʻaʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo, a ʻo Andreeva, kahi mezzo-soprano mai Moscow.

I kona hoʻi ʻana i Moscow, i ka lā 23 ʻApelila 1912, ua holo ʻo Obukhova i ka hoʻokolokolo ma ka papa hīmeni.

Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Obukhova:

“Ua hana maikaʻi loa au i kēia hoʻokolohua a ua koho ʻia au e hīmeni ma ka ʻaha mele makahiki ma ka Hale Nui o ka Conservatory i ka lā 6 o Mei, 1912. Ua hīmeni au i ka aria o Chimene. Ua piha ke keʻena, ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia au a kāhea ʻia i nā manawa he nui. I ka pau ʻana o ka ʻahamele, nui ka poʻe i hele mai i oʻu nei, a hoʻomaikaʻi mai iaʻu i koʻu kūleʻa a me ka puka ʻana mai ka conservatory, a makemake lākou iaʻu i nā lanakila nui ma koʻu ala noʻeau e hiki mai ana.

I kekahi lā aʻe, heluhelu au i ka loiloi a Yu.S. Sakhnovsky, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai: "Mrs. Ua haʻalele ʻo Obukhova (ka papa ʻo Polofesa Mazetti) i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi loa me ka hana a Chimene's aria mai "Cid" na Massenet. Ma kāna hīmeni ʻana, ma waho aʻe o kona leo maikaʻi loa a me kona mākaukau maikaʻi loa i ka haku ʻana, hiki i kekahi ke lohe i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka pumehana ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona kānalua ʻole o kahi kālena kahua nui.

Ma hope koke iho o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory, ua mare 'o Obukhova iā Pavel Sergeevich Arkhipov, he limahana o ka Hale Keaka Bolshoi: 'o ia ka luna o ka 'oihana hana a me ka ho'oponopono.

A hiki i ka makahiki 1916, i ka manawa i komo ai ka mea mele i ka Bolshoi Theatre, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻahamele he nui ma ka ʻāina. I Pepeluali, hoʻomaka ʻo Obukhova i kāna hana mua ma ke ʻano he Polina ma The Queen of Spades ma ka Bolshoi Theatre.

“Hōʻike mua! He aha ka hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka ʻuhane o kahi mea pena e hoʻohālikelike me ka hoʻomanaʻo o kēia lā? Ua piha au i nā manaʻolana ʻālohilohi, ua piʻi au i ke kahua o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Bolshoi, i ke komo ʻana o kekahi i kona home ponoʻī. He hale no'u keia hale keaka a oi aku mamua o kanakolu makahiki o ka'u hana ana. Ua hala ka hapa nui o koʻu ola ma ʻaneʻi, pili koʻu hauʻoli a me ka pōmaikaʻi me kēia hale keaka. Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā makahiki a pau o kaʻu hana noʻeau, ʻaʻole au i hana ma ke kahua o kekahi hale keaka ʻē aʻe.

ʻApelila 12, 1916 Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna i ka pāʻani "Sadko". Mai nā hana mua, hiki i ka mea mele ke hōʻike i ka mahanahana a me ke kanaka o ke kiʻi - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna talena.

Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo NN Ozerov, nāna i hana pū me Obukhova i ka pāʻani: "ʻO NA Obukhova, nāna i hīmeni i ka lā o ka hana mua i mea nui iaʻu, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi kiʻi kupaianaha piha a nani o kahi wahine Lūkini kūpaʻa, aloha, ʻo "Novgorod. Penelope” – Lyubava. ʻO ka leo velvety, kupaianaha no ka nani o ka timbre, ke kūʻokoʻa a ka mea mele i hoʻokuʻu ai iā ia, ka mana hoʻohiwahiwa o nā manaʻo i ka hīmeni ʻana i nā hana a NA Obukhova ".

No laila ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia - i ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hīmeni koʻikoʻi, nā alakaʻi, nā alakaʻi o ke kahua Lūkini. A laila lilo ʻo Obukhova ponoʻī i kekahi o kēia mau kukui. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma mua o iwakāluakūmālima mau pāʻina ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre, a ʻo kēlā me kēia o lākou he momi o ka leo leo a me ke kahua kiʻi Lūkini.

Ua kākau ʻo EK Katulskaya:

"ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomanaʻo wau iā Obukhova - Lyubasha ("The Tsar's Bride") - makemake nui, impulsive a hoʻoholo. ʻO nā mea a pau e hakakā nei no kona hauʻoli, no ka kūpaʻa i ka hoaloha, no kāna aloha, me ka ʻole o ia mea ʻaʻole hiki ke ola. Me ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka mahanahana a me ka manaʻo hohonu, hīmeni ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna i ke mele "E hoʻolako koke iā ia, e ka makuahine aloha ..."; Ua kani kēia mele maikaʻi i ka nalu ākea, e hoʻopio i ka mea hoʻolohe ...

Hana ʻia e Nadezhda Andreevna ma ka opera "Khovanshchina", ʻo ke kiʻi o Martha, kahi makemake ʻole a me kahi ʻuhane hoihoi, no nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka mea mele. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana i ka hana noʻeau, hōʻike maoli ʻo ia i ka manaʻo hoʻomana i loaʻa i loko o kāna heroine, e hāʻawi ana i ke ala i ke aloha wela a me ke aloha a hiki i ke kumu o ka hoʻolaʻa ponoʻī iā Prince Andrei. ʻO ka mele Lūkini mele maikaʻi ʻo "The Baby Came Out", e like me kā Martha kilokilo, ʻo ia kekahi o nā haku mele o ka hana leo.

Ma ka opera Koschei the Immortal, ua hana ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna i kahi kiʻi kupaianaha o Koshcheevna. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano maoli o ka "nani maikaʻi ʻole" i kēia kiʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomāinoino weliweli a me ke aloha ʻole i kani ʻia i ka leo o ka mea mele, me ka manaʻo hohonu o ke aloha nui iā Ivan Korolevich a me ka lili ʻeha i ke aliʻi wahine.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻo NA i nā kala kala ʻulaʻula a me nā leo hoʻohālikelike. ʻO Obukhov ke kiʻi puʻupuʻu o Spring i ka moʻolelo mele "The Snow Maiden". ʻO ka hanohano a me ka ʻuhane, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka lā, ka mahanahana a me ke aloha me kona leo hoʻohiwahiwa a me nā ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lanakila ʻo Vesna-Obukhova i ka lehulehu me kāna cantilena nani, kahi i piha ai kēia ʻāpana.

ʻO kāna Marina haʻaheo, ʻo ka hoa paio aloha ʻole o Aida Amneris, ʻo Carmen aloha kūʻokoʻa, ka mele mele ʻo Ganna lāua ʻo Polina, ʻo Delilah pōloli mana, wiwo ʻole a hoʻopunipuni - ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻaoʻao i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano, kahi i hiki ai iā Nadezhda Andreevna ke hana. e hōʻike i nā aka maʻalahi o nā manaʻo, ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kiʻi mele a me nā kiʻi keaka. ʻOiai ma kahi liʻiliʻi o Lyubava (Sadko), hana ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna i kahi kiʻi poina ʻole o kahi wahine Lūkini - he wahine aloha a kūpaʻa.

Ua pumehana ʻia kāna mau hana a pau e ka manaʻo hohonu o ke kanaka a me ka naʻau o ka naʻau. ʻO ka hanu mele ʻana ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻike noʻeau i kahe ʻia i loko o ke kahawai ʻoluʻolu, mālie a mālie, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano e hana ai ka mea mele e hoʻonani i ke kani. Ua paʻa ka leo ma nā papa inoa a pau, me ka maikaʻi, me ka nani. ʻO ka piano nani, forte me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, nā memo "velvet" o kāna ʻano ʻokoʻa, "Obukhov's" timbre, expressiveness o ka huaʻōlelo - nā mea āpau e kuhikuhi ana i ka manaʻo o ka hana, nā mele a me nā ʻano noʻonoʻo.

Ua lanakila 'o Nadezhda Andreevna i ka kaulana like ma ke kahua opera ma ke 'ano he mele mele. Ke hoʻokani nei i nā ʻano mele like ʻole - mai nā mele kahiko a me nā mele kahiko (ua hana ʻo ia me ke akamai hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia) a i nā arias kahiko a me nā mele a nā haku mele Lūkini a me Western - Nadezhda Andreevna i hōʻike, e like me ka hoʻokani opera, ke ʻano maʻalahi o ke ʻano a me kahi ʻokoʻa. hiki ke hoʻololi kiʻi. Ma ka hana ʻana i nā keʻena ʻaha mele he nui, ua hoʻopio ʻo ia i ka lehulehu me ka nani o kāna hana kiʻi, e hana ana i ka kamaʻilio ʻuhane me lākou. ʻO ka mea i lohe iā Nadezhda Andreevna i ka hoʻokani opera a i ʻole ka ʻahamele, ua lilo ia i mea mahalo nui i kāna hana ʻālohilohi no ke koena o kona ola. ʻO ia ka mana o ke kālena.

'Oia'i'o, ua ha'alele 'o Obukhova i ka hana opera i ka makahiki 1943 me ka lanakila like 'ole. Ua ikaika loa ʻo ia i nā makahiki 40 a me 50.

He pōkole ka makahiki o ka mea kani leo. Eia naʻe, ʻo Nadezhda Andreevna, ʻoiai i kona mau makahiki he kanahikukumamālima, e hoʻokani ana i nā ʻahamele keʻena, ua kāhāhā ka poʻe i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻuhane o ka timbre kūʻokoʻa o kāna mezzo-soprano.

Ma ka lā 3 o Iune, 1961, ua mālama'ia kahi'ahamele o Nadezhda Andreevna ma ka Hale Actor, a ma ka lā 26 o Iune, ua hīmeni'o ia i kahi māhele holo'oko'a o ka'ahamele ma laila. Ua lilo kēia ʻaha mele i mele swan a Nadezhda Andreevna. Ma hope o kona hele ʻana e hoʻomaha ma Feodosia, ua make koke ʻo ia ma laila ma ʻAukake 14.