Wolfgang Sawallisch |
Wolfgang Sawallisch
I ka makahiki 1956, ua kū ʻo Wolfgang Sawallisch no ka manawa mua ma ka podium o ka Vienna Symphony, kekahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa, e alakaʻi i kahi concerto mai ka Grand Symphony series. Ua ala mai ka "aloha i ka ike mua" ma waena o ka mea alakaʻi a me ka mea hoʻokani pila, a ua alakaʻi koke iā ia i ke kūlana o ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o kēia hui. Ua hoihoi ʻia ka poʻe mele iā Zawallish e kona ʻike maikaʻi ʻole i nā helu a me ka hōʻike maopopo ʻole o kāna mau makemake a me kāna mau koi. Ua mahalo lākou i kāna ʻano hana ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ikaika, akā ʻoi loa ka ʻoihana, me ka ʻole o nā frills, mannerisms. "He aha ke ʻano o Zawallish," i ʻōlelo ai ka papa o ka orchestra, "ʻo ia… ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua wehewehe ka mea pena kiʻi i kāna credo penei: "Makemake au e ʻike ʻole ʻia koʻu kanaka ponoʻī, i hiki iaʻu ke noʻonoʻo wale i ke mele a ka mea haku mele a hoʻāʻo e hoʻokani i ke kani e like me kāna hoʻolohe ʻana iā ia iho, i hiki ai i kekahi mele , inā ʻo Mozart, Beethoven, Wagner, Strauss a i ʻole Tchaikovsky - kani ʻia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻike mākou i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o kēlā mau au me ko mākou mau maka a lohe mākou me ko mākou mau pepeiao. Ke kānalua nei au hiki iā mākou ke ʻike a manaʻo e like me ka wā ma mua. E hoʻomau mau mākou mai ko mākou manawa a, no ka laʻana, ʻike a wehewehe i nā mele aloha e pili ana i ko mākou mau manaʻo i kēia manawa. Inā pili kēia manaʻo i ka manaʻo o Schubert a i ʻole Schumann, ʻaʻole mākou ʻike.
ʻO ka makua, ka ʻike a me ka mākaukau aʻo i hiki mai iā Zawallish i nā makahiki he ʻumikūmālua wale nō - kahi hana dizzying no kahi alakaʻi, akā i ka manawa like me ka nele o kekahi sensationalism. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Wolfgang Sawallisch ma Munich a mai kona wā kamaliʻi mai ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ke kālena mele. I ka makahiki ʻeono, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i mau hola ma ka piano a makemake ʻo ia e lilo i mea piano mua. Akā, i kona kipa 'ana i ka hale opera no ka manawa mua ma ka pā'ani "Hansel a me Gretel" na Humperdinck, ua mana'o mua 'o ia i ka makemake e alaka'i i ka orkestra.
He ʻumikūmāiwa makahiki puka o ke kula Zavallish i mua. Ua hoʻomaka hou kāna aʻo ʻana i ka makahiki 1946. Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Munich, ua lilo ʻo ia i haumāna no Josef Haas ma ke kumumanaʻo a me Hans Knappertsbusch ma ke alakaʻi. Hoʻoikaika ka mea hoʻokani pila e hoʻopau i ka manawa nalowale a haʻalele i kāna mau haʻawina i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope e lawe i kahi alakaʻi ma Augsburg. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka me ka operetta a R. Benatsky "The Enchanted Girls", akā naʻe, ua laki ʻo ia i ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi keaka - ʻo "Hansel lāua ʻo Gretel" hoʻokahi; ʻo ka moeʻuhane ʻōpio i hoʻokō ʻia.
Ua hana ʻo Zawallisch ma Augsburg no ʻehiku mau makahiki a ua aʻo nui. I loko o ia manawa, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pianist a ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka makana mua ma ka hoʻokūkū o nā sonata duets ma Geneva, me ka violinist G. Seitz. A laila, hele 'o ia e hana ma Aachen, 'o ia he "ho'okele mele", a alaka'i nui 'o ia ma ka opera a me nā 'aha mele ma 'ane'i, a ma hope aku ma Wiesbaden. A laila, i ka makahiki kanaono, me ka Vienna Symphonies, ua alakaʻi pū ʻo ia i ka Cologne Opera.
Hele liʻiliʻi ʻo Zawallish, makemake i kahi hana mau. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia manaʻo ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo ia: hana mau ka mea alakaʻi i nā ʻahaʻaina nui ma Lucerne, Edinburgh, Bayreuth a me nā kikowaena mele ʻEulopa.
ʻAʻohe mea haku mele punahele a Zawallish, nā ʻano, nā ʻano. "Ua ʻike au," wahi āna, "ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke alakaʻi i kahi keaka me ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka symphony, a ʻo ia hoʻi, i mea e ʻike ai i nā manaʻo hoʻokani mele o kahi ʻaha mele, pono ke keaka. Hāʻawi wau i ka wahi nui i kaʻu mau ʻahamele i nā mele kahiko a me ke aloha, ma ke ʻano ākea o ka ʻōlelo. A laila hele mai ka mele hou i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kāna mau mele kahiko i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kēia lā - e like me Hindemith, Stravinsky, Bartok a me Honegger. Ke haʻi aku nei au i kēia manawa ʻaʻole wau i hoihoi iki i nā mele ʻumikūmālua-leo. ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana kuʻuna a pau o nā mele kahiko, aloha a me nā mele hou aʻu e alakaʻi nei ma ka puʻuwai. ʻAʻole pono kēia e noʻonoʻo ʻia he "virtuosity" a i ʻole kahi hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha: Ke manaʻo nei au e pono ke ulu kokoke loa i ka hana i unuhi ʻia i ʻike pono ai i kona lole melodic, ka hoʻolālā, nā mele. Ma ke alakaʻi ʻana me ka puʻuwai, hiki ʻoe i kahi pilina hohonu a pololei me ka orchestra. Manaʻo koke ka orchestra i ka hāpai ʻia ʻana o nā pale.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
