Arrigo Boito (Arrigo Boito) |

ʻO Arrigo Boito

Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Boito ma ke ʻano he librettist – kākau pū i nā keaka hou a Verdi, a ʻo ka lua wale nō ma ke ʻano he haku mele. ʻAʻole i lilo i mea pani no Verdi a i mea hoʻohālike paha iā Wagner, i mahalo nui ʻia e ia, ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻo Boito i ka verismo e kū nei ma Italia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX me kona hoihoi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā a me ke ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ka lōʻihi o kāna ala hana, ʻaʻole wale ʻo ia i noho ma ka mōʻaukala o ke mele ma ke ʻano he mea kākau o ka opera wale nō, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻopau i ka lua.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Arrigo Boito i ka lā 24 o Pepeluali, 1842 ma Padua, i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi miniaturist, akā ua hānai ʻia e kona makuahine, he countess Polani, i haʻalele i kāna kāne i kēlā manawa. Ma muli o kona makemake mua i ka mele, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Conservatory ʻo Milan i ka makahiki ʻumikūmākahi, kahi āna i aʻo ai no ʻewalu mau makahiki i ka papa haku mele ʻo Alberto Mazukato. I kēia mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia kāna mau talena pālua: ma ka cantata a me nā mea pohihihi i kākau ʻia e Boito, i kākau ʻia ma ka conservatory, nona ka kikokikona a me ka hapa o ka mele. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i nā mele Kelemania, ʻaʻole maʻamau ma Italia: ʻo Beethoven mua, a ma hope ʻo Wagner, lilo ʻo ia i mea pale a hoʻolaha. Ua puka ʻo Boito mai ka Conservatory me ka mekala a me ka makana kālā, a ua lilo ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi. Ua kipa ʻo ia i Farani, Kelemānia a me ka ʻāina hānau o kona makuahine ʻo Polani. Ma Palika, ua hana ʻia ka hui mua me Verdi: ʻo Boito ka mea nāna i kākau i ka kikokikona o kāna National Anthem, i hana ʻia no kahi hōʻikeʻike ma Lākana. I ka hoʻi ʻana i Milan i ka hopena o 1862, ua komo ʻo Boito i ka hana palapala. I ka hapa mua o nā makahiki 1860, ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau mele, nā ʻatikala e pili ana i ke mele a me ke keaka, a me nā moʻolelo ma hope. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā mea kākau ʻōpio i kapa iā lākou iho "Disheveled". Hoʻopiha ʻia kā lākou hana me nā manaʻo ʻinoʻino, nā manaʻo o ka ʻeha, ka nele, nā manaʻo luku, ka lanakila o ka ʻino a me ka ʻino, a laila i ʻike ʻia ma nā keaka ʻelua a Boito. ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo o ka honua i pale iā ia i ka makahiki 1866 mai ke komo ʻana i ke kaua a Garibaldi, nāna i hakakā no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka hui ʻana o Italia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i komo i nā kaua.

ʻO ka milestone nui loa i ke ola o Boito ʻo 1868, i ka wā i hana ʻia ai ka mua o kāna opera Mephistopheles ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni La Scala ma Milan. Ua hana like ʻo Boito ma ke ʻano he haku mele, freettist a me ke alakaʻi - a ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hemahema. No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mea i hana ʻia, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka librettism: ua kākau ʻo ia i ka libretto o Gioconda no Ponchielli, ka mea i lilo i ke mele mele maikaʻi loa a ka haku mele, i unuhi ʻia i ka Italian Gluck's Armida, Weber's The Free Gunner, Glinka's Ruslan a me Lyudmila. Hoʻoikaika nui ʻo ia iā Wagner: unuhi ʻo ia iā Rienzi a me Tristan und Isolde, nā mele i nā huaʻōlelo a Matilda Wesendonck, a e pili ana i ka premiere o Lohengrin ma Bologna (1871) kākau i kahi leka wehe i ka mea hoʻoponopono Kelemania. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka makemake nui iā Wagner a me ka hōʻole ʻana i ka opera Italia hou e like me ke kuʻuna a me ka hana maʻamau e ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano maoli o Verdi, ka mea i huli i ka hana like ʻana a me ka pilina i mau a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola o ka maestro kaulana (1901). ). Ua hoʻolako ʻia kēia e ka mea hoʻopuka kaulana ʻo Milanese Ricordi, nāna i hōʻike iā Verdi Boito ʻo ia ka mea manuahi maikaʻi loa. Ma ka manaʻo o Ricordi, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1870, ua hoʻopau ʻo Boito i ka libretto a Nero no Verdi. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻōki me Aida, ua hōʻole ka mea haku mele, a mai 1879 ʻo Boito i hoʻomaka i ka hana ma Nero, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻōki i ka hana pū me Verdi: i ka makahiki 1880 ua hana hou ʻo ia i ka libretto a Simon Boccanegra, a laila hana ʻo ia i ʻelua librettos e pili ana iā Shakespeare - Iago " , kahi i kākau ai ʻo Verdi i kāna keaka maikaʻi loa ʻo Othello, a me Falstaff. Na Verdi i paipai iā Boito i Mei 1891 e lawe hou iā Nero, i hoʻopanee ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Boito i kāna libretto, he hanana nui ia i ke ola moʻokalaleo o Italia. I ka makahiki 1901 hoʻokahi, ua lanakila ʻo Boito ma ke ʻano he haku mele: kahi hana hou o Mephistopheles me Chaliapin ma ke poʻo inoa, alakaʻi ʻia e Toscanini, i hana ʻia ma La Scala, ma hope o ka holo ʻana o ka opera a puni ka honua. Ua hana ka mea haku mele ma "Nero" a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola, i ka makahiki 1912 ua lawe ʻo ia i ka Act V, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ke kuleana nui iā Caruso, nāna i mele ʻo Faust i ka mua mua o Milan o "Mephistopheles", akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopau i ka opera.

Ua make ʻo Boito i ka lā 10 o Iune, 1918 ma Milan.

A. Koenigsberg