ʻO ka pūʻali koa keleawe: he lanakila o ka lokahi a me ka ikaika

No kekahi mau kenekulia, ua hoʻokumu nā pūʻali keleawe koa i kahi lewa kūikawā i nā hoʻolauleʻa, nā hana koʻikoʻi aupuni a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻO nā mele i hoʻokani ʻia e ia ʻano hoʻokani pila, hiki ke hoʻonanea i kēlā me kēia kanaka me kona ʻano hoʻolauleʻa kūikawā.

ʻO ka pūʻali koa keleawe he mea hoʻokani pila maʻamau o kahi pūʻali koa, he hui o nā mea hoʻokani e hoʻokani ana i nā mea kani a me nā mea kani. ʻO ka papa mele mele pūʻali koa, ʻaʻole wale: ke hoʻokō ʻia e ia mele, nā mele mele, nā mele, a me nā leo jazz maikaʻi loa! ʻAʻole hoʻokani kēia orchestra i nā parades wale nō, nā hanana, nā hana koa, a i ka wā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa pūʻali koa, akā i nā ʻaha mele a ma nā kūlana i manaʻo ʻole ʻia (no ka laʻana, ma kahi paka).

Mai ka moʻolelo o ka pūʻali koa keleawe

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūʻali koa keleawe mua i ka wā waena. Ma Rusia, noho nā mele koa i kahi kūikawā. Ua hoʻomaka ka mōʻaukala waiwai i ka makahiki 1547, ma ke kauoha a Tsar Ivan the Terrible, ua ʻike ʻia ka pūʻali koa keleawe mua ma Rusia.

Ma ʻEulopa, ua hōʻea nā pūʻali koa keleawe i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o Napoleona, akā ʻo Bonaparte ponoʻī i ʻae he ʻelua mau ʻenemi Lūkini iā ​​ia - hau a me nā mele pūʻali koa Lūkini. Hōʻike hou kēia mau huaʻōlelo he mea kū hoʻokahi ke mele pūʻali koa Lūkini.

He aloha kūikawā ko Peter I i nā mea kani makani. Ua kauoha ʻo ia i nā kumu maikaʻi loa mai Kelemania e aʻo i nā koa i ka hoʻokani pila.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 70, ua loaʻa iā Rūsia ka nui o nā pūʻali koa keleawe, a ma lalo o ke aupuni Soviet ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomohala ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Ua kaulana loa lākou i nā makahiki XNUMX. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka repertoire, a ua paʻi ʻia ka nui o nā palapala methodological.

Repertoire

Ua pilikia nā pūʻali koa keleawe o ke kenekulia 18 i ka lawa ʻole o nā mele. No ka mea, ʻaʻole i kākau ka poʻe haku mele i ia manawa no nā hui makani, pono lākou e hana i nā kope o nā hana symphonic.

I ka makahiki 1909, ua kākau ʻia nā mele no nā pūʻulu keleawe e G. Berlioz, A. Schoenberg, A. Roussel a me nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe. A i ka makahiki XNUMX, ua hoʻomaka nā mea haku mele e kākau i nā mele no nā hui makani. I ka XNUMX, ua kākau ka mea haku mele Pelekane ʻo Gustav Holst i ka hana mua no ka pūʻali koa keleawe.

Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi pūʻali koa keleawe o kēia wā

Hiki i nā pūʻali keleawe koa ke komo wale i nā mea keleawe a me nā mea kani (a laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he homogeneous), akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokomo pū i nā woodwinds (a laila ua kapa ʻia lākou i hui ʻia). He kakaikahi loa ka mana mua o ka haku mele; ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka lua o ka haku mele ʻana i nā mea kani.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻekolu mau ʻano hui keleawe hui: liʻiliʻi, waena a me ka nui. He 20 ka nui o na mea hookani pila ma kekahi ohe mele liilii, a he 30 ka awelika, a he 42 a oi aku ka nui o na mea hookani pila.

ʻO nā mea kani Woodwind i ka orchestra, ʻo ia nā ʻohe, nā oboes (koe naʻe ka alto), nā ʻano clarinets āpau, saxophones a me nā bassoons.

Eia kekahi, hana ʻia ka ʻono kūikawā o ka orchestra e nā mea kani keleawe e like me nā pū, tuba, pū, trombones, altos, tenor trumpets a me baritones. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā altos a me nā tenors (nā ʻano saxhorn), a me nā baritones (nā ʻano tuba) wale nō i nā pū keleawe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea kani i nā symphony orchestras.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka pūʻali koa keleawe ke hana me ka ʻole o nā mea kani e like me nā pahu liʻiliʻi a nui, timpani, kimebala, huinakolu, pahu pahu a me ka pahu.

ʻO ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi pūʻali koa he hanohano kūikawā

ʻO kahi orkestra pūʻali koa, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻomalu ʻia e kahi alakaʻi. Makemake wau e huki i ka manaʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka wahi o ke alakaʻi e pili ana i nā lālā orkestra hiki ke ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, inā hana ʻia kahi hana ma kahi paka, a laila lawe ka mea alakaʻi i kahi kuʻuna - e kū pono ana i ka orchestra a me kona kua i ka lehulehu. Akā inā hoʻokani ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ka parade, a laila hele ka mea alakaʻi i mua o nā lālā okestra a paʻa i kona mau lima i kahi ʻano e pono ai kēlā me kēia alakaʻi koa - he pahu pahu. ʻO ka mea alakaʻi alakaʻi i nā mea hoʻokani pila i kapa ʻia he pahu nui.