Igor Borisovich Markevich |

Igor Markevitch

ʻO ka mea alakaʻi Farani a me ka haku mele o ka kumu Lūkini. "ʻAʻole hiki ke pāʻani ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea kākau i kākau ai" - ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo a Igor Markevich, he alakaʻi alakaʻi a me ke kumu, kahi i kamaʻāina maikaʻi ai nā mea mele Soviet a me nā mea aloha mele. Hāʻawi kēia a hoʻomau i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi poʻe hoʻolohe i ke kumu e hōʻino ai iā Markevich no kāna ʻano ponoʻī ʻole i haʻi ʻia, no ka nele o ka originality ma ke kahua, no ka exessive objectivism. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o kāna hana kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana hana o ko mākou mau lā. Ua ʻike pololei ʻia kēia e G. Neuhaus, nāna i kākau: “Me he mea lā noʻu ia ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi o kēia wā nona ka hana a me kāna mau mea hoʻokani, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe hoʻokani pila a me nā lālā hoʻokani pila, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua ona. ʻO ia ke kauā o ka noʻeau, ʻaʻole ke aliʻi, ka dictator. He ʻano hou kēia ʻano. ʻO ka manawa i ʻae ʻia e nā titans o ka mea alakaʻi o ka wā i hala, mai ke ʻano o ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao ("pono ​​ka mea mua e hana pololei"), i kekahi manawa ua ʻae lākou iā lākou iho i ke kūʻokoʻa - ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa lākou i ka mea haku mele i ko lākou makemake hoʻomohala - kēlā manawa. ua hala ... No laila, hoʻonoho wau iā Markevich i waena o kēlā mau mea hoʻokani e ʻimi ʻole nei e hoʻonani iā ​​​​lākou iho, akā manaʻo lākou iā lākou iho he "mua i waena o nā mea like" i ka orchestra. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻuhane i nā poʻe he nui - a ʻike maoli ʻo Markevich i kēia kiʻi - he hōʻoia mau ia o ka moʻomeheu maikaʻi, kālena a me ka naʻauao.

I nā manawa he nui i ka makahiki 60, hana ka mea pena i ka USSR, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo mau iā mākou i ka versatility a me ke ao holoʻokoʻa o kāna hana. "He mea pena kiʻi nui ʻo Markevich. Ua hoʻolohe mākou i hoʻokahi papahana ʻahamele i hana ʻia e ia, akā he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo piha i ka manaʻo o ka mea alakaʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo: he aha lā, ʻo wai ke ʻano kokoke loa i ka mea pena? ʻO nā mele Viennese a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea aloha, nā mea hoʻokani Farani a i ʻole nā ​​mele hou? ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka pane ʻana i kēia mau nīnau. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i mua o mākou ma ke ʻano he unuhi unuhi maikaʻi loa o Beethoven no nā makahiki he nui, ua waiho ʻo ia i kahi manaʻo indelible me kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka Brahms' Fourth Symphony, piha i ke aloha a me ka pōʻino. A e poina anei kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, kahi i hoʻopiha ʻia ai nā mea a pau i nā wai ola o ke ʻano ala ala, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka mana elemental a me ka huhū o nā hula hoʻomana pagan i ko lākou nani hihiu? Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ʻo Markevich kēlā mea hoʻokani pila e hoʻokokoke ana i kēlā me kēia helu me he mea lā ʻo kāna mele punahele ponoʻī, hoʻokomo i kona ʻuhane holoʻokoʻa, kāna mau talena āpau i loko. ʻO kēia keʻano o ka mea hōʻinoʻo V. Timokhin i wehewehe i ke kiʻi o Markevich.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Markevich ma Kyiv i loko o kahi ʻohana Lūkini e pili kokoke ana i nā mele no nā hanauna. He mau hoaaloha kona mau kūpuna no Glinka, a ua hana ka haku mele nui ma ko lākou waiwai ma ka hana ʻelua o Ivan Susanin. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ma hope, ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻohana i Paris i ka makahiki 1914, a mai laila mai i Switzerland, ua hānai ʻia ka mea hoʻokani mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka ʻuhane o ka mahalo i ka moʻomeheu o kona ʻāina hānau.

I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua make kona makuakāne, a ua pilikia ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka makuahine ka manawa kūpono e hāʻawi i kāna keiki, nāna i hōʻike mua i ke talena, kahi hoʻonaʻauao mele. Akā ʻo ka mea hoʻokani piano kaulana ʻo Alfred Cortot i lohe ʻole i kekahi o kāna mau haku mele mua a kōkua i kona makuahine e hoʻouna iā Igor i Paris, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i kumu kumu piano. Ua aʻo ʻo Markevich i ka haku mele me Nadia Boulanger. A laila ua huki ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o Diaghilev, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i nā hana he nui, me kahi concerto piano, i hana ʻia ma 1929.

I ka makahiki 1933 wale nō, i ka lawe 'ana i kekahi mau ha'awina mai Herman Scherchen, ua ho'oholo hope 'o Markevich i kona kāhea 'ana ma ke 'ano he alaka'i ma kāna 'ōlelo a'o: ma mua o ia mea, ua alaka'i 'o ia i kāna mau hana pono'ī. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻokani mau ʻo ia me nā ʻahamele a neʻe koke i nā kūlana o nā alakaʻi nui loa o ka honua. I loko o nā makahiki kaua, ua haʻalele ka mea pena i kāna hana punahele e komo i ke kaua kū'ē i ka fascism ma nā kūlana o ka Farani a me ka Italian Resistance. I ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, hiki i kāna hana hana i kona piko. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i nā orkestra nui loa ma ʻEnelani, Kanada, Kelemānia, Switzerland a ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo Farani, kahi āna e hana mau ai.

I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Markevich i kāna ʻoihana aʻo, e alakaʻi ana i nā papa like ʻole a me nā seminar no nā alakaʻi ʻōpio; ma 1963 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi seminar like ma Moscow. I ka makahiki 1960, ua hāʻawi ke aupuni Farani iā ​​​​Markevich, a laila ke poʻo o ka Lamoureux Concerts orchestra, ke poʻo inoa o "Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters". No laila, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea pena kiʻi mua ʻaʻole Farani i loaʻa kēia makana; ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lilo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi wale nō o nā makana he nui i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea pena luhi.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969