Ashug |

leka aloha ahi turk - in love

ʻO ka poʻe haku mele a me ka mele ma waena o Azerbaijanis, Armenians a me nā poʻe e pili ana i ka USSR a me nā ʻāina ʻē. He synthetic ka lole o A.. Hana ʻo ia i nā melodies, poems, epic. nā moʻolelo (dastans), hīmeni, hele pū me ia ma saz (Azerbaijan), tar a i ʻole kemancha (Armenia). Ma ka hana ʻana o A. aia kekahi mau mea hana keaka. nā koi (nā hiʻohiʻona helehelena, nā hana, a me nā mea'ē aʻe). He poe hana keaka wale no kekahi A. ʻO nā mea mua o A. ma Azerbaijan he ozans (nā inoa ʻē aʻe - Shuara, Dede, Yangshag, etc.); ma ʻAmenia – gusans (mtrup-gusans, tagerku).

Aia ka ʻike mua loa e pili ana iā A. ma ka lima. nā mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Movses Khorenatsi, Pavstos Buzand, Yeghishe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma Azerbaijan. moʻolelo "Kitabi-Dede Korkud" (10-11 mau kenekulia).

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hana a A. he mau mele. Hoʻohewa nā mele ashug prerevolutionary i nā ʻaoʻao pouli o ka hakakā. ola, himeni heroic. e hakakā me ka hoʻomāinoino, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka poʻe aloha i ka ʻāina makuahine. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Soviet, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka mana o ke mele a A. me nā ʻike hou e pili ana i nā loli nui i loko o ke kaiāulu. ke ano o ka noho ana, me ka pilikanaka. kūkulu hale.

ʻO nā mele Ashug maʻamau o kahi ākea ākea a hōʻike ʻia i kahi papa inoa kiʻekiʻe. Melodich. maʻalahi ka neʻe ʻana; ʻo nā lele liʻiliʻi (ma ke kolu, ʻehā) e ukali ʻia e ko lākou hoʻopiha ʻana. ʻO ka hana hou maʻamau, ka ʻokoʻa o nā oli a me nā hana holoʻokoʻa, metro-rhythm. waiwai. I kekahi manawa, hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā mele mele, no ka laʻana:

I kekahi manawa ʻokoʻa lākou i ka recitative-improvisation. kūʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻia ca. ʻO 80 mau mele maʻamau i haku i ka repertoire mau o A. Hoʻoholo ʻia ko lākou mau inoa e ka poetic. nā puka ("gerayly", "sofa", "mukhammes", a me nā mea'ē aʻe), nā wahi i maʻa mau loa lākou ("Goyche gulu"), dastans, kahi i hoʻokomoʻia ("Keremi", "Ker-ogly") etc. . ʻO kēia mau mele, me ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou mau mele. koʻokoʻo intonation, hoʻonui mau ʻia me ka mele a me ka puʻupuʻu. Hoʻokani ʻia nā mele like ʻole i ka mele hoʻokahi. mau kikokikona mele. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mele Ashug. He kuleana nui ka Instr iā lākou. interludes. Aia i loko o ke mele o A. nā mea o ka harmonica. polyphony - quarto-lima, terts-quarte, a me nā consonances ʻē aʻe (ma saz).

Nui Azerbaijan. ʻO nā mea kālaihonua o ka wā kahiko ʻo Gurbani, Abbas Tufarganly (16th century), Dilgam, Valekh, Shikeste Shirin (18th century), a me Alesker (19th century). A. o ko mākou manawa - Asad Rzayev, Mirza Bayramov, Islam Yusifov, Avak, Gara Movlayev, Talyb Mammadov, Shamshir Gojayev, Akper Jafarov, Adalet (virtuoso performer on saz); Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo I. Yusifov i kahi mele o nā ashugs mai 25-30 mau mele a me nā mea hoʻokani balaman.

ʻO ka lima kaulana loa. A. o ka wā i hala - Sayat-Nova, Jivani, Sheram, Nagash Ovnatan, Shirin, Miskin Burji, A. hou - Grigor, Huseyn, Seron, Avasi, Ashot a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka mele A. i loaʻa i ka hoʻokō ʻana ma kekahi helu o Op. prof. haku mele, laʻana. ma ka opera "Almast" na Spendiarov, "Shakhsenem" na Gliere, "Kor-oglu" na Gadzhibekov, "Veten" na Karaev a me Gadzhiev, ma ka suite "Azerbaijan" na Amirov, ma ke Third Symphony na Karaev.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Poetry of Armenia mai ka wā kahiko a hiki i kēia lā, ed. a me ke komo. ʻatikala a me nā memo. V. ʻAe. Bryusova. Moscow, 1916. Torjyan X., Armenian folk singers-ashugs, "SM", 1937, No 7; Krivoosov V., Ashugs o Azerbaijan, "SM", 1938, No 4; Anthology of Azerbaijani poetry, M., 1939; Anthology of Armenian poetry, M., 1940; Eldarova E., Kekahi mau ninau o ka ashug art, ma ka ohi: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. I, Baku, 1949; ʻo ia, ʻO kekahi mau nīnau o ka haku mele o nā ashugs, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: mele Azerbaijan, M., 1961; nona iho, The Art of the Ashugs of Azerbaijan (historical essay), ma ka ohi: The Art of Azerbaijan, vol. VIII, Baku, 1962 (i Azeri); nona iho, Musical and poetic terminological dictionary of Azerbaijani ashugs, in collection: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. XII, Baku, 1968; Seyidov M., Sayat-Nova, Baki, 1954; Kushnarev XS, Nā nīnau o ka mōʻaukala a me ke kumumanaʻo o nā mele monodic Armenian, L., 1958; Belyaev V., Essays on the history of music of the people of the USSR, vol. 2, M., 1963.

E. Abasova