Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky |

Osip Kozlovsky

Ma ʻApelila 28, 1791, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu kaukani malihini i hele mai i ka hale aliʻi nani o Tauride o Prince Potemkin ma St. Petersburg. ʻO ka lehulehu metropolitan hanohano, i alakaʻi ʻia e Empress Catherine II ponoʻī, i ʻākoakoa ma ʻaneʻi i ka manawa o ka lanakila ʻana o ke alakaʻi nui ʻo A. Suvorov i ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish - ka hopu ʻana i ka pā kaua ʻo Izmail. Ua kono ʻia nā mea kālai kiʻi, nā mea pena, nā haku mele, nā mea hoʻokani pila e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻolauleʻa nui. Ua kākau ʻo G. Derzhavin kaulana, i kauoha ʻia e G. Potemkin, "nā mele no ka hīmeni ʻana i ka ʻahaʻaina." ʻO ka haku mele kaulana o ka ʻaha, ʻo Frenchman Le Pic, i hoʻokani i nā hula. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka haku mele a me ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka papa mele a me ka orkestra i kahi mea mele ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo O. Kozlovsky, he mea komo i ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish. "I ka manawa i makemake ai ka poʻe malihini kiʻekiʻe e noho ma nā noho i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no lākou, a laila, kani koke mai ka leo a me nā mea kani, ʻekolu haneri kānaka." Hīmeni ʻia kekahi hui mele nui a me ka hoʻokani pila i ka “Hekili o ka lanakila, kani mai.” He manaʻo ikaika ka Polonaise. Nui ka leʻaleʻa i hoʻāla ʻia ʻaʻole wale e nā pauku nani a Derzhavin, akā naʻe ma ke ʻano nui, nani, piha i nā mele hauʻoli hauʻoli, ka mea kākau o Osip Kozlovsky - kēlā luna ʻōpio, he Pole ma ka lāhui, i hōʻea i St. ka ukali o ke Keikialii Potemkina ponoi. Mai ia ahiahi, ua kaulana ka inoa o Kozlovsky ma ke kapikala, a ua lilo kāna polonaise "Hekili o ka lanakila, kani" i ka mele Lūkini no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO wai kēia haku mele akamai i loaʻa ka hale lua ma Rusia, ka mea kākau o nā polonaises nani, nā mele, nā mele keaka?

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Kozlovsky i loko o kahi ʻohana hanohano Polani. ʻAʻole mālama ka mōʻaukala i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka wā mua, Polani o kona ola. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo wai kona mau mākua. ʻAʻole i iho mai iā mākou nā inoa o kāna mau kumu mua, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i ke kula ʻoihana maikaʻi. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa a Kozlovsky ma ka Halepule o Warsaw o St. Jan, kahi i lawelawe ai ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani a me ke mele. I ka makahiki 1773, ua kono ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kumu mele no nā keiki a ka diplomat Polani ʻo Andrzej Ogiński. (Ua lilo kāna haumāna ʻo Michal Kleofas Oginsky i haku mele kaulana.) I ka makahiki 1786 ua komo ʻo Kozlovsky i ka pūʻali koa Lūkini. Ua ʻike ʻia ka luna ʻōpio e ke Aliʻi Potemkin. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hoʻokipa, kālena, leo ʻoluʻolu o Kozlovsky i hoʻowalewale i nā mea a puni iā ​​​​ia. I kēlā manawa, ʻo ka mea haku mele kaulana Italia ʻo J. Sarti, ka mea hoʻonohonoho i nā leʻaleʻa mele i aloha ʻia e ke aliʻi, aia ma ka lawelawe a Potemkin. Ua komo pū ʻo Kozlovsky iā lākou, e hoʻokani ana i kāna mau mele a me nā polonaises. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Potemkin, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kahu hou i loko o ke kanaka o St. Petersburg philanthropist ʻo Count L. Naryshkin, he mea aloha nui i ka ʻoihana. Noho ʻo Kozlovsky i kona hale ma Moika no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO nā poʻe kaulana mai ke kapikala i nā manawa a pau: nā haku mele ʻo G. Derzhavin lāua ʻo N. Lvov, nā mea hoʻokani mele ʻo I. Prach lāua ʻo V. Trutovsky (nā mea hōʻuluʻulu mua o nā hōʻiliʻili o nā mele mele Lūkini), Sarti, violinist I. Khandoshkin a me nā mea he nui.

Auwe! – ʻO ia ka Gehena Ma kahi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka ʻono hoʻonaninani Ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻia nā mea nānā a pau A ma lalo o ke mele ʻoluʻolu o nā muses i pio ai ʻo Kozlovsky e nā leo! —

i kākau ai, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā ahiahi mele ma Naryshkin, ka haku mele Derzhavin. I ka makahiki 1796, ua ho'omaha'o Kozlovsky, a mai ia manawa ua lilo ke mele i kāna 'oihana nui. Ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ia ma St. Petersburg. Hekili kona mau polonaise ma na pōpō pā hale; ma nā wahi a pau e hīmeni ana lākou i kāna "nā mele Lūkini" (ʻo ia ka inoa o nā mele i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā pauku a nā haku mele Lūkini). ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou, e like me "Makemake wau e lilo i manu", "He hopena ʻino", "Bee" (Art. Derzhavin), i kaulana loa. ʻO Kozlovsky kekahi o nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke aloha Lūkini (ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e nā contemporaries ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hana i kahi ʻano mele Lūkini hou). Ua ʻike i kēia mau mele a me M. Glinka. I ka makahiki 1823, i kona hōʻea ʻana i Novospasskoye, ua aʻo ʻo ia i kona kaikaina ʻo Lyudmila i ka mele Kozlovsky i kēia manawa "Golden bee, no ke aha ʻoe e haʻalulu nei". “… Ua hauʻoli loa ʻo ia i kaʻu hīmeni ʻana …” – L. Shestakova i hoʻomanaʻo ma hope.

I ka makahiki 1798, ua hana ʻo Kozlovsky i kahi mele mele nui - Requiem, i hana ʻia ma ka lā 25 Pepeluali ma ka hale pule Katolika St.

I ka makahiki 1799, ua loaʻa iā Kozlovsky ke kūlana o ka mea nānā, a laila, mai ka makahiki 1803, ke alakaʻi o nā mele no nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni imperial. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano hana noʻeau, me nā mea kākau keaka Lūkini, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka haku mele keaka. Ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo ia e ke ʻano hanohano o ka pōʻino Lūkini i noho aliʻi ma ke kahua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 8. Maanei hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i kāna kālena koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā mele a Kozlovsky, piha i nā ala wiwoʻole, ua hoʻoikaika i nā manaʻo o nā koa weliweli. ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi i loko o nā pōʻino no ka orchestra. ʻO nā helu symphonic maʻemaʻe (overtures, intermissions), me nā papa mele, i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka hoʻokani pila. Ua hana ʻo Kozlovsky i nā mele no nā pōʻino "heroic-sensitive" o V. Ozerov ("Oedipus in Athens" a me "Fingal"), Y. Knyazhnin ("Vladisan"), A. Shakhovsky ("Deborah") a me A. Gruzintsev (" Oedipus Rex "), i ka pōʻino o ka mea pāʻani Farani J. Racine (ma ka unuhi Lūkini e P. Katenin) "Esther". ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa a Kozlovsky i kēia ʻano ʻo ia ke mele no ka pōʻino o Ozerov "Fingal". ʻO ka mea pāʻani a me ka mea haku mele ma nā ʻano he nui i manaʻo mua i nā ʻano o ka pāʻani aloha e hiki mai ana i loko. ʻO ke kala koʻikoʻi o ka Middle Ages, nā kiʻi o ka epic Scottish kahiko (ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pōʻino ma ke ʻano o nā mele o ka moʻolelo Celtic bard Ossian e pili ana i ke koa koa Fingal) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e Kozlovsky i nā ʻano mele like ʻole - overture, nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana, nā mele, nā hiʻohiʻona ballet, melodrama. ʻO ka mua o ka pōʻino "Fingal" i hana ʻia ma Dekemaba 1805, XNUMX ma St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre. Ua hoʻopio ka hana i ka lehulehu me ka nani o ka hoʻokani, nā mele maikaʻi a Ozerov. ʻO nā mea hoʻokani pōʻino maikaʻi loa i pāʻani i loko.

Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka lawelawe ʻana o Kozlovsky i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni imperial a hiki i 1819, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka mea haku mele, i loaʻa i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi. Ma hope o 1815, me D. Bortnyansky a me nā mea hoʻokani mele nui ʻē aʻe o ia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Kozlovsky i lālā hanohano o ka St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā makahiki hope o ke ola o ka mea hoʻokani pila. Ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1822-23. Ua kipa aku ʻo ia iā Polani me kāna kaikamahine, akā ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e noho ma laila: ua lōʻihi ka lilo ʻana o Petersburg i ʻāina hānau nona. "Ua pili ka inoa o Kozlovsky me nā hoʻomanaʻo he nui, ʻoluʻolu no ka puʻuwai Lūkini," i kākau ai ka mea kākau o ka obituary ma Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti. "Ua lohe mua ʻia nā leo o nā mele i haku ʻia e Kozlovsky i loko o nā hale aliʻi, i loko o nā keʻena o nā aliʻi a me nā hale o ke kūlana maʻamau. ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike ʻole, ʻaʻole i lohe i ka polonaise nani me ka papa himeni: "Ka hekili o ka lanakila, kani mai" ... ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻomanaʻo ʻole i ka polonaise i haku ʻia e Kozlovsky no ka poni ʻana o Emperor Alexander Pavlovich "Ke lele nei ka lono me nā pua Lūkini ma nā ʻēheu gula”… Ua hīmeni ka hanauna holoʻokoʻa a hīmeni i nā mele he nui ʻo Kozlovsky, i haku ʻia e ia i nā huaʻōlelo a Y. Neledinsky-Meletsky. ʻAʻohe ona hoa paio. Ma waho aʻe o Count Oginsky, i nā mele o nā polonaises a me nā mele mele, ua loaʻa iā Kozlovsky ka ʻae ʻia o nā connoisseurs a me nā mele kiʻekiʻe. … ʻO Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky he kanaka lokomaikaʻi, noho mālie, hoʻomau i ka pilina aloha, a waiho i kahi hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi. E lilo kona inoa i wahi hanohano ma ka moʻolelo o nā mele Lūkini. He kakaikahi ka poe haku haku mele o Rusia ma ke ano nui, a o OA Kozlovsky ke ku nei ma ka lalani mua mawaena o lakou.

A. Sokolova