ʻO Vladimir Horowitz (Vladimir Horowitz) |
ʻO Vladimir Horowitz
ʻO kahi ʻaha mele na Vladimir Horowitz he hanana mau, he manaʻo mau. ʻAʻole wale i kēia manawa, i ka wā o kāna mau ʻahamele he mea kakaʻikahi i hiki i kekahi ke lilo i hope, akā i ka manawa hoʻi o ka hoʻomaka. Pela mau. Mai kēlā pūnāwai mua o 1922, i ka wā i ʻike mua ʻia ai kahi piano ʻōpio loa ma nā kahua o Petrograd a me Moscow. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua mālama ʻia kāna mau ʻaha mele mua loa ma nā kapikala ʻelua ma nā keʻena hapa hapa - ʻaʻole i haʻi iki ka inoa o ka mea hoʻomaka i ka lehulehu. He kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe akamai a me nā loea i lohe e pili ana i kēia kanaka ʻōpio kupanaha i puka mai ka Kyiv Conservatory ma 1921, kahi o kāna mau kumu ʻo V. Pukhalsky, S. Tarnovsky a me F. Blumenfeld. A i ka lā aʻe ma hope o kāna mau hana, ua hoʻolaha lōkahi nā nūpepa iā Vladimir Horowitz ma ke ʻano he hōkū e piʻi ana ma ka pae piano.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i nā huakaʻi ʻaha mele a puni ka ʻāina, ua haʻalele ʻo Horowitz i ka makahiki 1925 e "lanaʻi" iā ʻEulopa. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻomau ka moʻolelo iā ia iho: i kāna mau hana mua ma ka hapa nui o nā kūlanakauhale - Berlin, Paris, Hamburg - he kakaikahi ka poʻe hoʻolohe, no ka mea aʻe - ua lawe ʻia nā tiketi mai ka hakakā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, liʻiliʻi ka hopena o kēia i nā uku: he liʻiliʻi lākou. Ua waiho ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hanohano walaʻau - e like me ka hana pinepine - e kahi pōʻino hauʻoli. Ma Hamburg hoʻokahi, holo ka ʻoihana hanu ʻole i kona lumi hōkele a hāʻawi ʻia e pani i ka soloist maʻi ma Tchaikovsky's First Concerto. Pono wau e ʻōlelo i ka hapalua hola. I ka inu ʻana i ke kīʻaha waiu, holo wikiwiki ʻo Horowitz i loko o ke keʻena, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka alakaʻi ʻelemakule ʻo E. Pabst ka manawa e haʻi iā ia: "E nānā i kaʻu lāʻau, a makemake ke Akua, ʻaʻohe mea weliweli e hiki mai." Ma hope o kekahi mau kaola, ua nānā ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka pāʻani soloist, a i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻahamele, kūʻai aku ka poʻe i nā tiketi no kāna hana solo i hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa. ʻO kēia ke ʻano i komo lanakila ai ʻo Vladimir Horowitz i ke ola mele o ʻEulopa. Ma Palika, ma hope o kona hoʻomaka ʻana, ua kākau ka magazine Revue Musical: "I kekahi manawa, akā naʻe, aia kekahi mea akamai no ka unuhi ʻana - Liszt, Rubinstein, Paderevsky, Kreisler, Casals, Cortot ... ʻO Vladimir Horowitz no kēia ʻāpana o ka mea pena- nā mōʻī.
ʻO ka paʻi hou ʻana i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Horowitz ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, i hana ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1928. Ma hope o ka hoʻokani mua ʻana i ka Tchaikovsky Concerto a laila ka papahana solo, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia, e like me ka nūpepa ʻo The Times, "ʻo ka hālāwai ʻino loa i hiki i ka mea hoʻokani pila ke hilinaʻi. .” I nā makahiki aʻe, ʻoiai e noho ana ma US, Paris a me Switzerland, ua mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Horowitz a hoʻopaʻa paʻa loa. ʻO ka helu o kāna mau ʻahamele i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli, a ma ke ʻano o ka nui o nā moʻolelo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ʻoi koke ʻo ia ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā piano piano hou. He laulā a he ʻano like ʻole kāna repertoire; ʻO ke kumu ke mele o nā mea aloha, ʻoi aku ka Liszt a me nā haku mele Lūkini - Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Scriabin. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke kiʻi hoʻokani a Horowitz o kēlā wā ma mua o ke kaua i hōʻike ʻia i kāna hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā Liszt's Sonata ma B minor, i hana ʻia ma 1932. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻohauʻoli wale me kāna puahiohio loea, ka ikaika o ka pāʻani, akā me ka hohonu o ka manaʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo Liszt scale, a me ka hoʻomaha o nā kikoʻī. ʻO Liszt's rhapsody, Schubert's impromptu, Tchaikovsky's concertos (No. 1), Brahms (No. 2), Rachmaninov (No. 3) a me nā mea hou aku i hōʻailona ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona like. Akā me nā pono, ʻike pono ka poʻe hoʻohewa i ka hana superficiality o Horowitz, kahi makemake i nā hopena o waho, no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea hoʻolohe me nā escapades ʻenehana. Eia ka manaʻo o ka haku mele kaulana ʻAmelika ʻo W. Thomson: “ʻAʻole au e ʻōlelo he wahaheʻe a pololei ʻole nā wehewehe ʻana a Horowitz: i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole lākou. Akā, ʻo ka mea i hoʻolohe ʻole i nā hana āna i hana ai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi he mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Bach e like me L. Stokowski, ʻo Brahms kahi ʻano palaka, ʻo Gershwin e hana ana i ka pō, a ʻo Chopin he violinist gypsy. ʻO kēia mau ʻōlelo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoʻoleʻa loa, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā manaʻo. ʻO Horowitz kekahi manawa i hoʻopiʻi, pale iā ia iho. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻO ka pāʻani piano ʻo ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau, ka puʻuwai a me nā ʻano loea. Pono e hoʻomohala like ʻia nā mea a pau: me ka ʻole o ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau e hāʻule ʻoe, me ka ʻole o ka ʻenehana he kamaʻāina ʻoe, me ka puʻuwai ʻole ʻoe he mīkini. No laila, piha ka ʻoihana i nā pōʻino. Akā, i ka makahiki 1936, ma muli o ka hana appendicitis a me nā pilikia ma hope mai, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻopau i kāna hana ʻaha mele, ua manaʻo koke ʻo ia ʻaʻole kumu ʻole ka nui o nā ʻōlelo hōʻino.
ʻO ka hoʻomaha i koi iā ia e nānā hou iā ia iho, me he mea lā mai waho, e noʻonoʻo hou i kāna pilina me ke mele. "Manaʻo wau ua ulu wau ma ke ʻano he mea pena i kēia mau lā hoʻomaha. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, ua ʻike au i nā mea hou he nui i kaʻu mele," wahi a ka mea hoʻokani piano. Hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia mau ʻōlelo ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o 1936 a ma hope o 1939, i ka manawa i hoʻi ai ʻo Horowitz, ma ke koi ʻana o kāna hoaaloha ʻo Rachmaninov lāua ʻo Toscanini (nāna kāna kaikamahine i male ai), i ka mea kani.
I kēia lua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki he 14, hoʻonui nui ʻo Horowitz i kāna ʻano. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia mai nā makahiki he 40; hoʻokani mau a ʻoi pinepine i nā sonata a Beethoven a me nā pōʻai a Schumann, nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā hana nui a Chopin, e hoʻāʻo ana e ʻimi i kahi wehewehe ʻokoʻa o ka mele a nā haku haku mele; ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻonui ia i nā polokalamu hou me nā mele hou. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope o ke kaua, ʻo ia ka mea mua i pāʻani i nā sonata 6, 7 a me 8 o Prokofiev, nā sonata 2 a me 3 a Kabalevsky ma ʻAmelika, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua pāʻani ʻo ia me ka nani kupaianaha. Hāʻawi ʻo Horowitz i ke ola i kekahi o nā hana a nā mea kākau ʻAmelika, me ka Barber Sonata, a ma ka manawa like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana a Clementi a me Czerny, i manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana wale nō o ka repertoire pedagogical. ʻO ka hana a ka mea pena i kēlā manawa e lilo i mea ikaika loa. Me he mea lā i ka poʻe he nui, aia ʻo ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o kona hiki ke hana. Akā, i ka wā i hoʻokau hou ai ka "mīkini ʻaha mele" o ʻAmelika iā ia, ua hoʻomaka ke lohe ʻia nā leo o ke kānalua, a me ka hoʻohenehene pinepine. Ua kapa kekahi i ka mea hoʻokani piano he "magician", he "rat-catcher"; Ke kamaʻilio hou nei lākou e pili ana i kāna hana hoʻomohala, e pili ana i ka mālama ʻole i ke mele. Hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike mua ma ke kahua, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohālike ʻo Horowitz – hoʻolako maikaʻi ʻia i ka ʻenehana, akā ʻaʻole i loko, ʻōpio "ʻenehana". ʻAʻohe haumāna a Horowitz, me kekahi mau mea ʻokoʻa: Graffman, Jainis. A, i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā haʻawina, koi mau ʻo ia "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kāu mau hewa ponoʻī ma mua o ke kope ʻana i nā hewa o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe." Akā ʻaʻole makemake ka poʻe nāna i kope iā Horowitz e hahai i kēia kumumanaʻo: e pili ana lākou i ke kāleka kūpono.
Ua ʻike ʻeha ka mea pena i nā hōʻailona o ka pilikia. A i kēia manawa, ua pāʻani ʻo ia i ka ʻaha mele ma Pepeluali 1953 i ka manawa o ka 25th anniversary o kāna hana mua ma Carnegie Hall, haʻalele hou ʻo ia i ke kahua. ʻO kēia manawa no ka manawa lōʻihi, no 12 makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka piha o ka noho ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. A laila, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaka hou ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ma ka home, kahi i hoʻolako ai ʻo RCA i kahi studio holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻopuka hou ʻia nā moʻolelo i kēlā me kēia - sonatas na Beethoven, Scriabin, Scarlatti, Clementi, Liszt's rhapsodies, hana na Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Rachmaninoff, Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, nā kope ponoʻī o ka huakaʻi a F. Sousa "Stars and Stripes" , "Wedding March" Mendelssohn-Liszt, he fantasy mai" Carmen "... I ka makahiki 1962, ua haʻi ka mea pena me ka RCA hui, me kaʻoluʻoluʻole i ka hāʻawiʻana i ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻolahaʻana, a hoʻomakaʻo ia e hui pū me ka hui Columbia. ʻO kēlā me kēia moʻolelo hou o kāna hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole e nalowale ka mea hoʻokani piano i kona ʻano phenomenal virtuosity, akā lilo ia i mea unuhi maʻalahi a hohonu.
"ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi, ka mea i koi ʻia e kū mau he alo a he alo me ka lehulehu, lilo ia i mea pōʻino me ka ʻike ʻole. Hāʻawi mau ʻo ia me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka uku. ʻO nā makahiki o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ākea ua kōkua iaʻu e ʻike iaʻu iho a me koʻu mau manaʻo ponoʻī. I loko o nā makahiki pupule o nā ʻaha mele - ma laila, ma ʻaneʻi a ma nā wahi a pau - ua manaʻo wau ua lilo wau i mea ʻino - ma ka ʻuhane a me ke akamai, "e ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma hope.
Ua manaʻo ka poʻe mahalo o ka mea pena e hui pū me ia "he alo a he alo". ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ka lā 9 o Mei, 1965, hoʻomaka hou ʻo Horowitz i kāna hana ʻahamele me kahi hana ma Carnegie Hall. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hoihoi i kāna ʻaha mele, kūʻai ʻia nā tiketi i loko o nā hola. ʻO kahi hapa nui o ka lehulehu he poʻe ʻōpio i ʻike ʻole iā ia ma mua, nā poʻe nona ka moʻolelo. "Ua like kona like me ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi he 12 mau makahiki i hala aku nei," wahi a G. Schonberg. - ʻO nā poʻohiwi kiʻekiʻe, ʻaneʻane neʻe ke kino, pili iki i nā kī; ʻo nā lima a me nā manamana lima wale nō i hana. No nā poʻe ʻōpio he nui i ka lehulehu, ua like lākou me ke pāʻani ʻana iā Liszt a i ʻole ʻo Rachmaninov, ka mea hoʻokani piano kaulana e kamaʻilio nei a pau akā ʻaʻohe mea i lohe. " Akā ʻoi aku ka mea nui ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻole o waho o Horowitz ʻo ia ka hoʻololi hohonu o loko o kāna pāʻani. "ʻAʻole i pau ka manawa no Horowitz i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālua mai kona ʻike ʻana i ka lehulehu," i kākau ai ka mea loiloi ʻo New York Herald Tribune ʻo Alan Rich. - ʻO ka nani o kāna ʻenehana, ka mana kupaianaha a me ka ikaika o ka hana, ka noʻonoʻo a me ka palette kala - ua mālama ʻia kēia mau mea āpau. Akā i ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano hou i kāna pāʻani. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kona haʻalele ʻana i ke kahua ʻaha mele i ka makahiki 48, ua hana ʻo ia i mea pena kiʻi piha. Akā i kēia manawa ua hele mai kahi unuhi ʻōlelo hohonu i Carnegie Hall, a hiki ke kapa ʻia kahi "dimension" hou i kāna pāʻani. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike mākou i ka galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā pianists ʻōpio e hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā mākou e hiki iā lākou ke pāʻani wikiwiki a hilinaʻi. A ʻo ka hoʻoholo ʻana a Horowitz e hoʻi i ke kahua ʻahamele i kēia manawa ma muli o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana aia kekahi mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia e ka poʻe akamai loa o kēia poʻe ʻōpio. I loko o ka ʻaha mele, ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā haʻawina waiwai nui. He haʻawina ia i ka unuhi ʻana i nā kala ʻālohilohi; He haʻawina ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka rubato me ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma nā hana a Chopin, he haʻawina maikaʻi loa ia i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kikoʻī a me nā mea āpau i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa (ʻoi loa me Schumann). Ua ʻae ʻo Horowitz "ʻike mākou i nā kānalua i hoʻopilikia iā ia i kēia mau makahiki i kona noʻonoʻo ʻana i kona hoʻi ʻana i ka hale ʻaha mele. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka makana makamae i loaʻa iā ia i kēia manawa.
ʻO kēlā ʻaha mele poina ʻole, ka mea i hōʻike i ke ola hou ʻana a me ka hānau hou ʻana o Horowitz, ua ukali ʻia e nā makahiki ʻehā o ka hoʻokani mele pinepine ʻana (ʻaʻole hoʻokani ʻo Horowitz me ka orchestra mai 1953). “Ua luhi au i ka pāʻani ʻana i mua o kahi microphone. Ua makemake au e pāʻani no nā kānaka. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana he luhi hoʻi, "i ʻōlelo ai ka mea pena. I ka makahiki 1968, ua hana ʻo ia i kāna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni mua loa i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūikawā no ka poʻe ʻōpio, kahi āna i hana ai i nā pōhaku he nui o kāna repertoire. A laila - kahi hoʻomaha 5 makahiki hou, a ma kahi o nā ʻaha mele - nā leo hoʻopaʻa nani hou: Rachmaninoff, Scriabin, Chopin. A ma ka pō o kona lā hānau 70, ua hoʻi hou ka haku kupaianaha i ka lehulehu no ke kolu o ka manawa. Mai ia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokani pinepine, a i ke ao wale nō, akā, ʻo kāna mau ʻahamele he mea ʻono. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau ʻaha mele a pau, a ʻo nā moʻolelo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma hope o ia mea e hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano pianistic kupaianaha i mālama ʻia e ka mea pena ma ka makahiki 75, he aha ka hohonu a me ka naʻauao i loaʻa iā ia; e ʻae i kekahi hapa e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka "Horowitz hope". ʻO kekahi hapa "no ka mea, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe hoʻohewa ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole loaʻa i kēia mea pena i ʻelua mau wehewehe like. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻano ʻokoʻa a maopopo ke ʻano o Horowitz i hiki i kekahi mea hoʻolohe ʻoi aʻe a liʻiliʻi paha ke ʻike iā ia i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO kahi ana hoʻokahi o kāna mau wehewehe ʻana ma ka piano hiki ke wehewehe i kēia ʻano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā huaʻōlelo. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa - he ʻano kala like ʻole, ke kaulike lapidary o kāna ʻenehana maikaʻi, kahi kani kani nui, a me ka rubato i kūkulu nui ʻia a me nā ʻano like ʻole, nā kūʻē kūʻē kupaianaha ma ka lima hema.
ʻO ia ʻo Horowitz i kēia lā, ʻo Horowitz, kamaʻāina i nā miliona o ka poʻe mai nā moʻolelo a me nā tausani mai nā ʻahamele. ʻAʻole hiki ke wānana i nā mea kupanaha ʻē aʻe āna e hoʻomākaukau nei no ka poʻe hoʻolohe. ʻO kēlā me kēia hālāwai me ia he hanana mau, he lā hoʻomaha. ʻO nā ʻaha mele ma nā kūlanakauhale nui o ʻAmelika, kahi i hoʻolauleʻa ai ka mea pena kiʻi i ka makahiki 50 o kāna hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAmelika, ua lilo ia i mau lā hoʻomaha no kāna mau mea mahalo. ʻO kekahi o lākou, ma Ianuali 8, 1978, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e like me ka hana mua a ka mea pena me kahi orkestra i ka hapahā o ke kenekulia: Ua hana ʻia ʻo Rachmaninov's Third Concerto, alakaʻi ʻia ʻo Y. Ormandy. I kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai, ua mālama ʻia ke ahiahi Chopin mua a Horowitz ma Carnegie Hall, a ma hope ua lilo i album o ʻehā mau moʻolelo. A laila - nā ahiahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no kāna lā hānau 75 ... A i kēlā me kēia manawa, e hele ana i ke kahua, hōʻike ʻo Horowitz no ka mea hana maoli, ʻaʻole pili ka makahiki. "Ua maopopo iaʻu ke ulu nei au ma ke ʻano he piano," wahi āna. “E ʻoi aku ka mālie a me ke kanaka makua i ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki. Inā manaʻo wau ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke pāʻani, ʻaʻole wau e ʻaʻa e kū ma ke kahua "...
