Josef Hofmann |

Joseph Hofmann

ʻO ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻAmelika a me ka haku mele no Polani. Hānau ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o nā mea hoʻokani: ʻo kona makuakāne, ʻo Kazimir Hoffman, he pianist, hīmeni kona makuahine i ka operetta Krakow. I ka makahiki ʻekolu, ua loaʻa iā Joseph kāna mau haʻawina mele mua mai kona makuakāne, a ma hope o kona hōʻike ʻana i ke talena nui, ua hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e hana ma ke ʻano he pianist a me ka haku mele (ua loaʻa iā ia nā mana maikaʻi i ka makemakika, mechanics a me nā ʻepekema pololei ʻē aʻe). .

Ma hope o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana iā ʻEulopa, ua hana ʻo Hoffmann i kāna hoʻomaka mua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma Nowemapa 29, 1887 me kahi ʻahamele ma ka Metropolitan Opera House, kahi āna i hoʻokani nani ai i ka Beethoven's First Concerto, a ua hoʻoponopono pū ʻia i nā kumumanaʻo i manaʻo ʻia e ka lehulehu.

Mahalo ʻia e ke akamai o ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻōpio, ua hāʻawi aku ka mōneka aniani ʻAmelika ʻo Alfred Clark iā ia i kanalima kaukani kālā, i hiki ai i ka ʻohana ke hoʻi i ʻEulopa, kahi e hiki ai iā Hoffmann ke hoʻomau i kāna mau haʻawina me ka maluhia. No kekahi manawa, ʻo Moritz Moszkowski kāna kumu, akā ua lilo ʻo Hoffmann i ka haumāna pilikino wale nō o Anton Rubinstein (ka mea i noho i ia manawa ma Dresden), ka mea i hoʻoikaika nui i kāna mau manaʻo noʻonoʻo.

Mai ka makahiki 1894, ua hoʻomaka hou ʻo Hoffmann e hoʻokani i ka lehulehu, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he kamaliʻi prodigy, akā ma ke ʻano he mea pena kanaka makua. Ma hope o kāna hana ʻana i ka ʻEhā Concerto a Rubinstein ma Hamburg ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka mea kākau, ua ʻōlelo ka hope ʻaʻohe mea e aʻo hou iā ia, a ua hoʻōki i ke aʻo ʻana me ia.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia, ʻo Hoffmann kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani piano kaulana loa a i ʻimi ʻia ma ka honua: ua mālama ʻia kāna mau ʻahamele me ka lanakila nui ma Great Britain, Russia, USA, ʻAmelika Hema, ma nā wahi āpau me kahi hale piha. Ma kekahi o nā ʻaha mele ma St. Petersburg, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻo ia i ka lehulehu ma ka pāʻani ʻana ma mua o ʻelua haneli a me kanalima mau ʻāpana like ʻole i nā hana he ʻumi. I ka makahiki 1903 a me 1904, ua hoʻokani ʻo Hoffmann ma St. Petersburg me Kubelik, no laila, e like me nā memo o O. Mandelstam, "i loko o ka manaʻo o ka Petersburger i kēlā manawa, ua hui lākou i hoʻokahi kiʻi. E like me nā māhoe, ua like ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kala like. Ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe awelika, aneane pōkole, ʻeleʻele ka lauoho ma mua o ka ʻēheu koraka. He haʻahaʻa loa ko lāua lae a me nā lima liʻiliʻi loa. Ua like nā mea ʻelua iaʻu e like me nā mea mua o ka hui Lilliputian.

I ka makahiki 1914, ua neʻe ʻo Hoffmann i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi i lilo koke ai ʻo ia i kamaʻāina a hoʻomau i ka hana. I ka makahiki 1924, ua ʻae ʻo ia i ka manaʻo e poʻo i ka Curtis Institute of Music i Philadelphia, a alakaʻi iā ia a hiki i 1938. I ka wā o kona alakaʻi ʻana, ua hele ka institute i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, lilo i kula maikaʻi loa no nā mea mele kaulana e hiki mai ana.

Ua hoʻomau nā hana ikaika a Hoffmann a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1940, ua mālama ʻia kāna ʻaha mele hope loa ma New York i ka makahiki 1946. I nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻo Hoffmann i nā hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahua o ka hoʻopaʻa leo leo a me nā mīkini: nona nā ʻumi kakini no nā ʻano like ʻole. ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mīkini piano, a me ka hana ʻana i nā "wipers" a me nā puna wai no ke kaʻa a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hoffmann kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani piano nui loa o ke kenekulia 1887. ʻO ka ʻenehana akamai, i hui pū ʻia me kahi noʻonoʻo rhythmic ʻē aʻe, ua ʻae iā ia e pāʻani me ka mana elemental a me ka ikaika, a mahalo i kāna hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hopohopo e pili ana i ka "hoʻihoʻi" i kahi hana i hoʻokani ʻia ma mua o ka ʻaha mele aʻe. He haiki loa ka repertoire a ka mea piano: ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo ia i ka hoʻoilina o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX - mai Beethoven a Liszt, akā aneane ʻaʻole i hoʻokani i ke mele o kāna mau haku haku o kēia wā. ʻOiai ʻo Sergei Rachmaninov's Third Piano Concerto i hoʻolaʻa iā Hoffmann, nona ka hana a Rachmaninoff i mahalo nui ʻia, ʻaʻole ia he ʻokoʻa. ʻO Hoffmann kekahi o nā mea mele mua i ka mōʻaukala e hoʻopaʻa i kāna hana ma XNUMX ma kahi phonograph, akā ma hope i hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia i ka studio. Ua hana ʻia ma nā ʻaha mele he heluna nui o nā mele mele a Hoffmann i ola a hiki i kēia lā.

ʻO Hoffmann ka mea kākau o kahi haneli haneli (i paʻi ʻia ma lalo o ka pseudonym Michel Dvorsky), ʻelua mau puke e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokani piano: "Aʻoaʻo i nā Young Pianists" a me "Piano Playing".