Philadelphia Orchestra |

Philadelphia Orchestra

ʻO kekahi o nā mele symphony poʻokela ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1900 e ka mea alakaʻi ʻo F. Schel ma ke kumu o nā hui semi-professional a me amateur i noho ma Philadelphia mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18. ʻO ka ʻaha mele mua o ka Philadelphia Orchestra i mālama ʻia ma Nowemapa 16, 1900 ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Schel me ke komo ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo O. Gabrilovich, nāna i hoʻokani ʻo Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto me Orchestra.

I ka wā mua, he 80 mau mea hoʻokani pila ka Philadelphia Orchestra, hāʻawi ka hui i 6 mau ʻahamele i ka makahiki; i nā kau e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻonui ka orchestra i 100 mau mea hoʻokani pila, ua piʻi ka helu o nā ʻaha mele i 44 i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Ma ka hapaha 1 o ke kenekulia 20, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka Philadelphia Orchestra e F. Weingartner, SV Rachmaninov, R. Strauss, E. d'Albert, I. Hoffmann, M. Sembrich, SV Rachmaninov, K. Sen -Sans, E . Isai, F. Kreisler, J. Thibaut a me na mea e ae. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Shel (1907), ua alakaʻi ʻia ka Philadelphia Orchestra e K. Polig.

ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki o nā mākau hoʻokani o ka orchestra e pili ana me ka inoa ʻo L. Stokowski, nāna i alakaʻi iā ia mai 1912. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Stokowski i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka repertoire a hoʻoikaika ikaika i nā mele hou. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, nui nā hana i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika no ka manawa mua, me ka Scriabin's 3rd Symphony (1915). 8th - Mahler (1918), Alpine - R. Strauss (1916), 5th, 6th and 7th symphonies of Sibelius (1926), 1st - Shostakovich (1928), he mau hana a IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov.

Ua lilo ka Philadelphia Orchestra i kekahi o nā pūʻulu alakaʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Mai ka makahiki 1931 mai ka makahiki 1936, ua ho'okani 'o Y. Ormandy me ka Philadelphia Orchestra, i ka makahiki 1938, ua lilo 'o ia i alaka'i mau, a i ka makahiki 39/XNUMX ua pani 'o ia ia Stokowski ma ke 'ano he alaka'i alaka'i.

Ma hope o ka 2nd World War 1939-45 ua loaʻa i ka Philadelphia Orchestra ka inoa o kekahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa ma ka honua. I ka makahiki 1950, ua huaka'i ka hui i Beritania Nui, i ka makahiki 1955 i kaapuni nui i Europa, i ka makahiki 1958, ua haawi ia i 12 mau mele ma ka USSR (Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv), a ukaliia e na huakai he nui ma na aina he nui o ka honua.

ʻO ka ʻike ākea o ka Philadelphia Orchestra i lawe mai i ka maikaʻi o ka pāʻani o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻokani, ensemble coherence, ka laulā ākea ākea. ʻO nā alakaʻi alakaʻi nui a me nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka honua, me nā mea hoʻokani pila Soviet, i hui pū me ka orchestra: EG Gilels a me DF Oistrakh i hana i kā lākou mau hoʻomaka me ia ma USA, LB Kogan, Yu. Kh. Hana pinepine ʻo Temirkanov.

Hāʻawi ka Philadelphia Orchestra ma kahi o 130 mau ʻahamele i ka makahiki; i ka wā hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia lākou i loko o ke keʻena o ka Academy of Music (3000 noho), i ke kauwela - i ka amphitheater waho "Robin Hood Dell".

MM Yakovlev

Nā alakaʻi mele:

• Fritz Scheel (1900—1907)
• Karl Polig (1908-1912)
• Leopold Stokowski (1912-1938)
• Eugene Ormandy (1936-1980, ʻelua makahiki mua me Stokowski)
• Riccardo Muti (1980-1992)
• Wolfgang Sawallisch (1993-2003)
• Christoph Eschenbach (2003-2008)
• Charles Dutoit (2008—2010)
• Yannick Neze-Seguin (mai ka makahiki 2010)

Kiʻi ʻia: Philadelphia Orchestra i alakaʻi ʻia e Yannick Nézet-Séguin (Ryan Donnell)