Moʻolelo Piano

He inoa maʻamau ka piano no nā mea kani me ka hana hāmare. ʻO ka hiki ke pāʻani he hōʻailona ia o ka ʻono maikaʻi. ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi mea hoʻokani pila akamai o ke kenekulia e hele pū me kēlā me kēia piano. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he mea hana kēia no ka elite, ʻoiai ʻo ka haku ʻana i ka pāʻani ma luna o ia mea he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kēlā me kēia hoʻonaʻauao mele.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke ʻano a me nā kikoʻī o nā hana o ka wā i hala.

Moolelo o ka piano

ʻOi aku ka moʻolelo o ka piano ma mua o ʻelua mau kenekulia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hana ʻia ka piano mua i ka manawa like ma ʻAmelika (J. Hawkins i ka hopena o 1800) a me Austria (M. Müller i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1801). I ka wā lōʻihi, ua loaʻa i ka mea hoʻomohala nā pedals. ʻO ke ʻano maoli me ka pahu hao, nā kaula keʻa, a me kahi hoʻonohonoho multi-level o nā damper i kūkulu ʻia i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau he "piano noho lima". Loaʻa iā lākou ka nui o ke kino maʻamau o 1400 × 1200 mm, kahi ākea o 7 octaves, kahi mīkini pedal i kau ʻia ma ka papahele haʻahaʻa, kahi console kūpaʻa e pili ana i ka wāwae piano a me ka beam. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka mōʻaukala o ka hana ʻana i ka piano ma mua o ka manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia ʻano mea kani.

ʻO ka mea mua o ka piano ka monochord

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kani a pau i ʻekolu pūʻulu ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana leo. ʻO kēia nā mea kani, nā mea kani a me nā mea kani. ʻO nā mea kani e like me ka clavichord, harpsichord a me dulcimer hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea mua o ka piano. Akā inā mākou e nānā hou aku, ʻike ʻia he mamo ka piano na ka monochord. ʻO ia hoʻi, e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kumu o ka piano, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka hui o nā mea kani.

Ke kumu o ka piano

Ua like ke ano o ka piano me ka dulcimer

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka piano ma ke ʻano he mea kani, ma muli o ke kani ʻana mai ka haʻalulu o nā kaula. Akā, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kani, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ke kani ma muli o ka paʻi ʻana o nā hama ma nā kaula. Hoʻopili kēia i ka piano me ka dulcimer.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Dulcimer ma ka Hikina Waena a ua laha ʻia ma ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 11. He kino ia me nā kaula i kau ʻia mai luna mai. E like me ka piano, paʻi ka hāmare liʻiliʻi i nā kaula. ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia ai ka dulcimer ma mua o ka piano.

ʻO Clavichord - kahi hana nui i ka piano

No ka ʻohana o nā mea kani keyboard ka piano. Ua ola nā mea kani keyboard mai ka Middle Ages. No loko mai o kekahi okana i hoʻouna ʻia ai ka ea ma kekahi mau paipu e hoʻopuka i ke kani. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi nā haku i ke okana a hoʻomohala i kahi mea kani i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu kokoke i ka piano - ka clavichord.

Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka clavichord i ke kenekulia 14 a ua kaulana i ka wā Renaissance. Ke paʻi ʻia ke kī, paʻi ka pine metala me ke poʻo palahalaha - he ʻanuʻu - i ke kaula, e haʻalulu ana. No laila, hiki ke unuhi i ke kani ma ka laulā mai ʻehā a ʻelima octaves.

Nā mea like ma waena o ka piano a me ka harpsichord

Ua hana ʻia ka harpsichord ma Italia ma kahi o 1500 a ma hope ua laha ʻia i Farani, Kelemānia, Flanders a me Great Britain. Ke paʻi ʻia ke kī, ua piʻi kahi koʻokoʻo kūikawā (spiller) i ke kaula, e hoʻokuke ana i ka plectrum, nāna e hoʻoneʻe i nā kaula.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana o nā kaula a me ka papa kani, a me ke ʻano maʻamau o kēia mea kani, e like me ke ʻano o kahi piano hou.

ʻO Cristofori, ka mea nāna i hana i ka piano mua

Ua haku ʻia ka piano e Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731) ma Italia.

I ka harpsichord, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Cristofori i ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana o nā mea hoʻokani i ka leo o ke kani. I ka makahiki 1709, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka mīkini uhuki me ka hana hāmare a hana i ka piano hou.

Ua kapa mua ʻia ka mea kani ʻo "clavicembalo col piano e forte" (kahi mele mele me ke kani mālie a nui). Ma hope mai, ua pōkole kēia inoa ma nā ʻōlelo ʻEulopa i ka "piano" i ʻae ʻia i kēia manawa. Ma ka Lūkini, ua mālama ʻia ka inoa kokoke i ka mea kumu - ka pianoforte.

Nā kūpuna o ka mea kani hou

ʻO nā ʻelele kahiko loa o kēia papa ka clavichord a me ka harpsichord. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo wai a i ka makahiki hea i haku ai i kēia mau mea kani i ʻoki ʻia ma mua o ka piano. Ma kahi o ke kenekulia 14, ua laha lākou ma ʻEulopa i nā kenekulia 16-18.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka harpsichord he leo hōʻike. Loaʻa ka mahalo i ke koʻokoʻo me kahi hulu i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hope o ke kī. Huki kēia mea hana i ke kaula, e kani ai ke kani. ʻO ka peculiarity ka haʻahaʻa melodiousness, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole, pono i ka hāmeʻa o ʻelua kīwī, leo nui a mālie. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻonani o waho o ka harpsichord: nani a me ke kala kumu o nā kī. He keʻokeʻo ka papa keyboard luna, ʻeleʻele ka lalo.

ʻO kekahi mea mua o ka piano ʻo ia ka clavichord. E pili ana i na mea kani keena. Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻohe e nā papa metala ʻaʻole huki, akā pili i nā kaula. Hoʻoholo kēia i ke kani melodious, hiki ke hana i kahi hana dynamically waiwai.

He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika a me ka ʻōlinolino o ke kani, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mea kani i ka hana mele home, ʻaʻole ma nā ʻaha mele.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hana ʻana i kahi mea kani hou a me kona ʻano

I ka wā lōʻihi, ua koi ʻia ke ʻano o ke mele i ka maikaʻi o ka dynamics. Ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia nā mea kani keyboard kahiko. Penei ka hanau ana o ka piano. ʻO ka Florentine Bartalameo Cristofori kāna mea hana. Ma kahi o 1709, ua kau ka mea hana piano Italia i nā hamama ma lalo o nā kaula. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hoʻolālā ʻo gravicembalo col piano e forte. Ma Palani, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi mea hou like e J. Marius i ka makahiki 1716, ma Kelemānia e KG Schroeter i ka makahiki 1717. Mahalo i ka hana ʻana a Erar i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pālua, ua hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou i nā kī, e hoʻāla i kahi leo hoʻomaʻemaʻe a ikaika. . Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i nā harpsichords a me nā clavichord i maʻa mau ma mua. I ka manawa like, ua kū mai nā hybrids ʻokoʻa, e hui pū ana i ke ʻano, harpsichord a me nā piano furs.nisms.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka mea hana hou, ʻo ia ka hele ʻana o nā papa metala ma kahi o nā ʻohe. Hoʻopili kēia i ke kani, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka leo. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā kani leo nui (forte) a me ka mālie (piano) ma ka papa kī hoʻokahi i hāʻawi i ka inoa o ka mea kani. Ua ulu mālie nā hale hana piano. ʻO nā ʻoihana kaulana loa ʻo Streicher a me Stein.

Ma ke aupuni Lūkini, ua hana ʻo Tischner lāua ʻo Wirta i kāna hoʻomohala ʻana i nā makahiki 1818-1820.

Mahalo i ka hana kūikawā, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mea kani, i paʻa i kona wahi i ka moʻomeheu mele o ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa. Ua loli pinepine kona hoʻolālā. I loko o ke kenekulia, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea hana ʻItalia, Kelemānia, Pelekane i ka mea hana. ʻO kahi haʻawina nui ka hana a Silbermann, Zumpe, Schroeter a me Stein. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā kuʻuna kaʻawale o ka hana piano, ʻokoʻa i ka mechanics. Eia kekahi, ma ke kumu o ka mea kani kahiko, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hou: synthesizers, nā piano uila.

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea kani i ka USSR, ʻoiai ka nui o ka helu, ʻaʻole ia he kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā hale hana "Red October", "Zarya", "Accord", "Lira", "Kama", "Rostov-Don", "Nocturne", "Swallow" i hana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mai nā mea kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā hoa Europa. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Union, ua nalowale ka hana ʻana o ka pianoforte ma Rūsia.

Mea waiwai waiwai ma ka mōʻaukala

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka piano he wahi hoʻololi i ka mōʻaukala mele. Mahalo i kona hiʻohiʻona, ua loli nā ʻahamele kahi i lawe ai i ke kūlana alakaʻi. Ua hoʻoholo kēia i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka kaulana i ka wā o ka classicism a me ka romanticism. Ua kū mai kekahi galaxy o nā haku mele nāna i hāʻawi i kā lākou hana i kēia mea kani. ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua i haku iā ia ʻo WA Mozart, J. Haydn, L. Beethoven, R. Schumann, C. Gounod. Ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā haku mele piano. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia no ke kani piano ʻoi aku ka hoihoi ma luna o ia mea ma mua o nā mea kani ʻē aʻe.

Moʻolelo Piano ma ka wikiō

Panina

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka piano he ʻano pane ʻenehana i ka pono koʻikoʻi i ka moʻomeheu mele no kahi mea kani keyboard hou me ke kani ikaika a me kahi ākea o nā aka dynamic. He kūpono no ka pāʻani ʻana i nā mele maikaʻi a paʻakikī, ua lilo ia i ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻāina hanohano a me nā keʻena o ka poʻe akamai i kēia manawa. A ʻo ka mōʻaukala o ka hana ʻana i ka piano he huakaʻi lanakila o kahi mea kani maikaʻi.