Mele kūikawā |

Mele kūikawā (French music concrite) – nā haku mele i haku ʻia ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma ka lipine dec. nā leo kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana, kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana, hui ʻana a hoʻoponopono. ʻĀnō ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kani e maʻalahi ke hoʻololi i nā kani (no ka laʻana, ma ka wikiwiki ʻana a me ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lipine, a me ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe), e hoʻohui iā lākou (ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mele like ʻole. ma ka lipine) a kau iā lākou i kēlā me kēia kaʻina. Ma K. m., i kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā leo kanaka. nā leo a me nā mele. nā mea hana, akā naʻe nā mea no ke kūkulu hale. K. m. ʻo nā ʻano walaʻau like ʻole e kū nei i ke kaʻina o ke ola. K. m. - kekahi o nā ʻano hou o kēia wā. zarub. mele. Kakoo o K. m. e hoapono i ko lakou ano haku mele ma ka hoohana ana i na mea i kapaia. ʻO nā kani mele i manaʻo ʻia e kaupalena ʻia ka mea haku mele, aia i ka haku mele ke kuleana e hoʻohana i kāna hana. kekahi kani. Manaʻo lākou iā K. m. ma ke ʻano he mea hou nui ma ke kahua mele. art-va, hiki ke hoʻololi a hoʻololi i nā ʻano mele kahiko. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā mea Composite, ka mea i haki me ka ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻonohonoho pitch, ʻaʻole e hoʻonui, akā palena i nā mea hiki ke hōʻike i kekahi kiʻi. maʻiʻo. ʻO kahi ʻenehana i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka CM (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā no ka "hoʻoponopono" a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kani - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "phonogen" me kahi kīwī, kahi leo leo me nā disks 3, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he "noise design" o nā hana, nā ʻāpana pākahi o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, etc.

ʻO ka "mea hana" a K. m., kona ʻelele kaulana loa a me ka mea hoʻolaha, ʻo ia ka Farani. acoustic engineer P. Schaeffer, nāna i hāʻawi i kēia kuhikuhi a me kona inoa. ʻO kāna mau hana "concrete" mua mai ka makahiki 1948: ʻo ke aʻo ʻana "Turniquet" ("Ütude aux tourniquets"), "Railway Study" ("Ütude aux chemins de fer") a me nā mea pāʻani ʻē aʻe, i hoʻoili ʻia e Franz ma 1948. lekiō ma lalo o ka inoa nui. "Noise Concert" I ka makahiki 1949, ua hui pū ʻo P. Henri iā Schaeffer; Ua hana pū lāua i ka "Symphony for one person" ("Symphonie pour un homme seul"). I ka makahiki 1951 ma lalo o Franz. lekiō, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua "Group of Studies in the Field of Concrete Music", i hui pū ʻia me nā haku mele - P. Boulez, P. Henri, O. Messiaen, A. Jolivet, F. Arthuis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (ua hoʻokaʻawale kekahi o lākou. na hana a K. m.). ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke ʻano hou nā mea kākoʻo wale nō, akā i nā hoa paio hoʻi, ʻaʻole koke i overstepped ka lāhui. papa hana. ʻAʻole wale ka poʻe Farani i hoʻomaka e hele mai i Paris, akā he poʻe haole pū kekahi. nā haku mele i lawe i ka ʻike o ka haku mele kahiko. Ma 1958, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o Schaeffer, ua mālama ʻia ka First International Decade of Experimental Music. Ma ka manawa like, ua wehewehe hou ʻo Schaeffer i nā hana a kāna hui, a mai ia manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Group of Musical Research ma lalo o Franz. lekiō a me ke kīwī”. Ua hauʻoli ka hui i ke kākoʻo o ka UNESCO International Music Council. ʻO Franz. ʻo ka makasina "La revue musicale" i hoʻolaʻa i nā pilikia o K. m. ʻekolu kūikawā. helu (1957, 1959, 1960).

E hoʻomaopopo ': Nā nīnau no ke mele mele. Buke makahiki, vol. 2, 1955, M., 1956, p. 476-477; Shneerson G., No ke mele e ola ana a make, M., 1964, p. 311-318; kāna, mele Farani o ke kenekulia XX, M., 1970, p. 366; Schaeffer P., A la recherche d une music concrite, P., 1952; Scriabine Marina, Pierre Boulez et la musique concrite, "RM", 1952, No 215; ʻO Baruch GW, Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Musique?, Melos, Jahrg. XX, 1953; Keller W., Elektronische Musik und Musique concrite, "Merkur", Jahrg. IX, H. 9, 1955; Roullin J., Musique concrite…, ma: Klangstruktur der Musik, hrsg. von Fr. Winckel, B., 1955, S. 109-132; ʻIke i nā mele mele. Hoʻokumu nā mele mele electronique extoque, "La Revue musicale", P., 1959, No 244; Vers une music experimentale, ibid., R., 1957, No 236 (Numéro spécial); Casini C, L impiego nella colonna sonora délia musica elettronica e della concreta, in: Musica e film, Roma, 1959, p. 179-93; Schaeffer P., Musique concrite et connaissance de l objet musical, "Revue Belge de Musicologie", XIII, 1959; Nā ʻike. Palika. June. 1959. Par le groupe de recherches musicales de la Radiodiffusion-Télévision française…, “La Revue musicale”, P., 1960, No 247; Judd F. C, He mele uila a me ke mele concrite, L., 1961; Schaeffer P., Traité des objets musicaux, P., 1966.

GM Schneerson