ʻEkolu ʻano mea nui ma ke mele
Contents
ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o ka mea nui. E like me ka hihia o ka liʻiliʻi, he mau ʻano kūlohelohe, harmonic a melodic kēia.
E nānā pono kākou i nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
mea nui maoli
ʻO kēia ka pālākiō maʻalahi, i kūkulu ʻia e like me ke kumumanaʻo o nā leo ʻokoʻa a me nā semitones: "2 tones - semitone - 3 tones - semitone." ʻO ka huina, ʻewalu mau ʻanuʻu mele ma ia pālākiō (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII a me I hou).
A, e like me ka hoʻohālikelike no ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kēia unahi, ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu I a me II pono e loaʻa kahi mamao o hoʻokahi leo holoʻokoʻa, ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu II a me III pono pū kekahi leo holoʻokoʻa, ʻo nā ʻanuʻu III a me IV he hapalua. he leo kaawale (semitone). Eia kekahi, e like me ka hoʻohālikelike like, ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu IV a me V, V a me VI, VI a me VII, pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi leo holoʻokoʻa e hana ai. ʻO ka hope, hoʻopaʻa ka semitone i ke kaulahao ma waena o ka VII a me ka I step i hana hou ʻia ma luna.
Ua nānā nui mākou i ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā unahi e like me kēia ʻano ma ka haʻawina "Frame in Music: Major and Minor" - ma laila ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wehewehe e pili ana i nā leo a me nā semitones.
No ka pōkole, e nānā kākou i hoʻokahi laʻana. E ʻōlelo kākou pono e kiʻi i ka pālākiō A nui (ka inoa leka – A-dur). Hoʻomaka kēia unahi me ke kani LA a pau me ia. No laila, no ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke kākau i ka pālākiō o nā memo mai LA a hiki i ka LA aʻe, ʻoi aku ka LA kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hana i kahi ʻano blank.
A laila, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i nā mea i kēia pae, e like me ke ʻano. Aia paha kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka hoʻololi ʻana - ʻoi a i ʻole nā palapala. No ka maʻalahi a me ka maopopo, i ka wā e hana ai me nā leo a me nā semitones, i kēia manawa e ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia e hoʻohana i ka piano piano.
POKOPELE NO NA LEO A ME SEMITONES
E hoʻomanaʻo inā he ʻeleʻele e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā lākou ma waena o ʻelua mau kī keʻokeʻo e pili ana i ka piano, a laila e like ka mamao ma waena o lākou me hoʻokahi leo holoʻokoʻa (e like me FA a me SOL, LA a me SI).
Inā ʻaʻohe ʻeleʻele hoʻokaʻawale, inā pili pololei nā kī keʻokeʻo ʻelua a ʻo nā hoalauna kokoke loa kekahi i kekahi, a laila ma kēia hihia, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o lākou e like me ka hapalua leo (ʻelua wale nō mau āpau ma ka papa keyboard - MI-FA a me SI-DO).
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka semitone ka mamao ma waena o nā kī kokoke ʻelua (ʻo ka mea maʻamau i ka hui pū ʻana - ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha). No ka laʻana: C a me C-SHARP a i ʻole C-SHARP a me RE, etc.
[hāneʻe]
No laila, e lawe mai i ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu o kā mākou mea hana e like me ke ʻano kumu maoli.
| NA HANA | KA MAHELE E like me ka PALAPALA | KA hoʻoponopono ʻana |
| I-II | leo | LA a me SI - ma waena o kēia mau memo he hoʻokahi leo holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea pono, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻololi ma ʻaneʻi, e neʻe kākou. |
| II-III | leo | SI a me DO - ma waena o kēia mau leo he semitone, akā pono ke kumu i kahi leo holoʻokoʻa, no laila pono ke hoʻoponopono ma aneʻi. No ka nele o mākou i hoʻokahi semitone i kahi leo holoʻokoʻa, hoʻohui mākou iā ia ma ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka memo DO - lawe mākou iā DO-SHARP, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka mamao, a loaʻa iā mākou ka hōʻailona mua. |
| III-IV | Semitone | C-SHARP a me RE - semitone: e like me ka mea e pono ai. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana mua i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ma ʻaneʻi pū kekahi: ʻo ka hopena, ua loaʻa iā mākou ke kauoha piha ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. |
| IV-V | leo | RE a me MI - he leo holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea e pono ai, e neʻe kākou. |
| V-VI | leo | ʻO MI a me FA nā semitones, akā pono ʻoe i kahi leo holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻopau mākou i kēia drawback, hoʻonui i ka pae FA, lawe i ka FA-SHARP ma kahi, a i kēia manawa ua lilo ka mamao ma waena o nā pae MI a me FA-SHARP i kahi ton. |
| XNUMX-XNUMX | leo | F-SHARP a me SALT - he semitone hou, a e like me ke ʻano, pono kahi leo. Hana like mākou - hoʻohui mākou i nā mea i nalowale, a pēlā mākou e loaʻa ai ka SALT-SHARP. |
| VII-I | Semitone | G-SHARP a me LA - semitone, e like me ka mea e pono ai, ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau maʻaneʻi. |
I ka hana ʻana ma ka pālākiō, ua loaʻa iā mākou ʻekolu mau mea hou, ʻekolu koi - F-SHARP, C-SHARP a me SOL-SHARP. ʻO ke kumu o ko lākou hiʻohiʻona ʻo ia ka pili ʻana o nā lakio o nā kani i ke ʻano o ka unahi nui. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, a laila ʻaʻole e holo ka unahi nui maoli, ʻo ia hoʻi, kani ia ma kahi kī liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ma kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, i mea e ʻike ai i nā ʻoi a i ʻole nā palahalaha e pono ai i loko o kekahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻano nui kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole pono ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka unahi e like me ke ʻano i kēlā me kēia manawa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka papa ʻaina o nā hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia - ka pōʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hapalima o nā kī, a aʻo pū i ka ʻike koke ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma nā kī e like me ke ʻano a mākou i manaʻo ai ma ka haʻawina "Pehea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā hōʻailona ma nā kī." ʻAʻole pono ka mea hoʻokani pila no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma kahi kikoʻī, akā pono e ʻike "e like me ʻelua ʻelua" (aʻo, memori, haku).
KE KANAWAI NO KA HOOLOHOLO I NA HOALI MA NA KI NUI
E hoʻomanaʻo pōkole mākou i ke ʻano o ke ʻano no ka hoʻoholo wikiwiki ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma nā kī nui me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano no ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka nui. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo mau i ka hoʻonohonoho pololei o nā kī kī a me nā pā. ʻO ke kauoha o nā ʻoi ʻo FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Papa papa: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA.
Rula 1. Inā ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ke kī, a laila ʻoi aku ka ʻoi hope o ka unahi i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka tonic.
No ka laʻana, ma ke kī o B nui: ʻo ka tonic ʻo SI, a ʻo ka ʻoi hope loa he ʻanuʻu haʻahaʻa ma mua o SI, ʻo ia hoʻi, LA. I ka huina, e loaʻa nā koi 5 ma C nui: FA DO SOL RE LA (ke ʻōlelo nei mākou i nā mea āpau, kū mākou i ka "hope" LA SHARP).
Rula 2. Inā palahalaha ka tonality, a laila e hoʻoholo i nā hōʻailona e hele ai mākou i ke kaʻina o nā palahalaha, hiki mākou i ka tonic a mākou e pono ai a hoʻonui i hoʻokahi,ʻo ka papahele aʻe.
No ka laʻana, ma ke kī o A-flat major, ʻo ka tonic ka leo A-flat. Hele mākou ma ke ʻano o nā papa: SI, MI, LA (eia mākou i hōʻea i ka tonic) + hopu mākou i ka RE palahalaha aʻe ma ke ʻano. Ma ka huina, he 4 mau palahalaha ma A-flat major: SI MI LA a me RE.
Pehea e hoʻoholo ai inā he ʻoi a pālahalaha paha ke kī? Maʻalahi loa. Loaʻa i nā kī palahalaha ka huaʻōlelo "flat" ma ko lākou inoa (no ka laʻana, B-flat major, MI-flat major, C-flat major). Ma ka inoa o nā kī ʻoi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻanuʻu maʻalahi i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole ka huaʻōlelo "koi" (no ka laʻana, G major, E major, F-sharp major).
Aia nō naʻe nā ʻokoʻa o ka lula, ʻelua mau kī nui e pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia: C major (ʻaʻohe ʻoi a i ʻole nā palahalaha ʻole) a me F major (he hoʻokahi B-flat i loko, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe huaʻōlelo "flat" ma ka inoa o ke kī).
[hāneʻe]
He mea maʻamau ka nui kūlohelohe i nā mele ʻōiwi a me nā mele kahiko i haku ʻia e nā haku mele. No laila, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke mele o ka National Anthem o ka Russian Federation i ke kī o C major.
Harmonic Major
I ka harmonic major, i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kūlohelohe, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke degere ʻeono. Hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana ma ka hapalua o ka leo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hōʻailona palahalaha (inā ma mua o ka emi ʻana he memo maʻemaʻe ka ʻanuʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻia), pāpālua palahalaha (inā ma mua o ka emi ʻana ua haʻahaʻa ka ʻanuʻu, palahalaha), a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka bekar. hōʻailona (i kēlā hihia, inā he ʻōlelo ʻoi ka ʻanuʻu ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana).
No laila, no ka laʻana, i ka harmonic E-flat nui (Es-dur), ma kahi o kāna mau papa ponoʻī ʻekolu (SI, MI, LA-FLAT), e ʻike pū ʻia ʻo C-FLAT (VI hōʻemi ʻia. Ma ka harmonic B-major (H-dur), ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻanuʻu ʻeono, e ʻike ʻia ʻo G-BECAR (ma kēia kī, ʻo ke kumu maoli, ʻo ke ʻano ʻeono maoli ʻo G-SHARP).
Hoʻololi nui ka harmonic VI degere i ke ʻano o ka unahi, a ke kumu hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui hou ʻana a me ka emi ʻana o nā manawa i kēia ʻano ʻano. No laila, no ka laʻana, ma waena o ka III a me VI ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi manawa o ka hapahā i hoʻemi ʻia (min. 4), ʻaʻole ia i loko o ka nui maoli. Ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu VI i hōʻemi a me VII aia kahi manawa o kahi hoʻonui kekona (uv.2).
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu e pili pū i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā chords i ke kī. No laila, ma muli o ka VI i hoʻemi ʻia, ʻo ka subdominant triad - S53 (ʻo ka subdominant ka IV step, kekahi o nā ʻanuʻu nui o ke ʻano) lilo i mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano nui he mea nui. ʻO ka triad o ka VI degere, he mea liʻiliʻi i ka nui kūlohelohe, e hoʻonui ʻia (Uv.53).
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke degere ʻeono e nā mea haku mele me ka leʻaleʻa i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka nani o ke mele, e hana i kahi ʻono hou o ke kani. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo kahi chord liʻiliʻi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i nā kūlana o kahi fret nui e hana i nā aka o ka palupalu, kani ʻole, i kekahi manawa lawe mai i nā kala hikina. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano maʻalahi e ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ʻike mau ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pae VI i kahi ala kūikawā.
I hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i ka nani a me ka leo hoihoi o ka harmonic major, manaʻo mākou e hoʻolohe ʻoe i kahi laʻana mai nā palapala mele. He mele kēia mai ka opera NA Rimsky-Korsakov "The Night Before Christmas".
melodic major
Ma ka melodic major, ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu e hoʻololi i ka manawa hoʻokahi - VI a me VII, a iho pū lākou i lalo. Eia naʻe, kūikawā ke ʻano melodic; ʻaʻole like me nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā harmonic, ʻokoʻa ke neʻe i luna a i lalo. No laila, i loko o ka melodic major ʻaʻohe loli i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i luna, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokani ʻia a mele ʻia ka nui kūlohelohe maʻamau, a i ka neʻe ʻana i lalo e iho ai nā ʻanuʻu VI a me VII.
No laila, no ka laʻana, ma ka melodic E-flat major (ua ʻike mua mākou - ʻekolu "mākou" papa: SI, MI, LA) e loaʻa pū kekahi D-flat me C-flat. Ma ka melodic C major (ʻelima mau koi pono'ī: FA, DO, SOL, RE, LA), i ka neʻe ʻana i lalo e loaʻa ʻo LA-BECAR ME SO-BECAR.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ua like loa ke ʻano melodic major i ke kani me ka mea liʻiliʻi o ka inoa hoʻokahi. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻokoʻa nā kī o ka inoa hoʻokahi (no ka laʻana, B nui a me B minor, C nui a me C minor, etc.) ʻokoʻa i nā ʻanuʻu ʻekolu wale nō - III, VI a me VII (ma ka liʻiliʻi he haʻahaʻa lākou, a ma ka nui. kiʻekiʻe lākou). No laila, ʻo ka mea wale nō e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka melodic major a me ka liʻiliʻi maoli ʻo ke kolu o ka ʻanuʻu, ʻoiai ʻo ke ono a me ka ʻehiku o nā ʻanuʻu i kēia hihia he haʻahaʻa a no laila ua kūlike.
Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka hopena noʻeau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano melodic o ka mea nui i kēia pāʻani me ka mea nui a me ka liʻiliʻi: me he mea lā mākou i loko o kahi kī liʻiliʻi, akā ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole mākou (he ʻano snag)!
E hana hou kāua
No laila, i loko o ke mele he ʻekolu ʻano o nā mea nui: kūlohelohe, harmonic a melodic.
- unahi nui maoli loaʻa me ka hui pū ʻana o nā pilina ma waena o nā kani: "2 leo - semitone - 3 leo - semitone".
- Harmonic Major - ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka ʻanuʻu ʻeono i loko.
- melodic major - i ka neʻe ʻana i luna, ʻaʻohe mea e loli, akā i ka neʻe ʻana i lalo, iho ka ʻeono a me ka ʻehiku i lalo.
He mau hooikaika kino
No ka hoʻohui ʻana, manaʻo mākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki. ʻO ka hana penei: e hoʻopaʻa a pāʻani (a i ʻole e hīmeni / ʻōlelo) i nā unahi o ke kumu maoli, harmonic a melodic nui i nā kī o G-dur, B-dur.
HOIKE I NA PANE:
ʻO ka tonality o G-dur ka G nui, he ʻoi, ʻoi aku hoʻi, hoʻokahi wale nō hōʻailona kī - F-sharp. Ma ka harmonic G major, ʻo ka pae VI i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ʻo MI-FLAT. Ma ka mele mele G nui - i ka neʻe ʻana i lalo, e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona FA-BEKAR (hōʻemi VII degere) a me MI-FLAT (hōʻemi VI).
ʻO ke kī o B-dur he B-flat major, flat. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui ʻo SI-FLAT a me MI-FLAT. Ma ka harmonic B-flat major - hoʻohui mākou i kahi hōʻailona maʻamau i G-flat (mai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke ono o ka pae). Ma ka pālākiō melodic, ke piʻi mākou i luna, ʻaʻohe mea e loli, akā ke iho mākou i lalo, hele mākou ma waena o A-FLAT a me G-FLAT (nā ʻanuʻu haʻahaʻa, e like me ke kānāwai).
[hāneʻe]
Papa pākaukau nui
Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā unahi, a laila no ka manawa mua hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kā mākou papaʻaina me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka nānā ʻana iā ʻoe iho. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea a pau, a e hoʻokele ʻoe i nā unahi me ka maʻalahi a me ke ʻano maoli e like me ka ʻau ʻana o ka iʻa i ka wai.
No laila he aha ka mea i loko o ka papaʻaina? ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka syllabic a me ka huaʻōlelo o ke kī nui (ma ke ala, he 15 wale nō o lākou). ʻO ka lua, nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e hoʻokumu i kāu ʻano gamma mua - kūlohelohe. Hōʻike nā kolamu ʻekolu a me ʻehā i nā loli i loaʻa i nā ʻano unahi harmonic a melodic.
No laila, e like me kēia papaʻaina, i ka pālākiō kūlohelohe o D major aia wale nō nā hōʻailona nui: F-SHARP a me C-SHARP. ʻO ka harmonic D major pū kekahi me ka B-flat, ʻo ka melodic D-major me C-BECAR a me B-flat.
A i ʻole kekahi laʻana: A-flat major is natural – ʻehā wale nō pāhaʻi ma kona unahi: SI, MI, LA, RE. Ma ke ʻano harmonic, e hoʻohui ʻia ka F-FLAT iā lākou, a ma ke ʻano melodic, e hoʻohui ʻia ʻo F-FLAT a me G-FLAT.
ʻO ia wale nō i kēia manawa. E ʻike iā ʻoe ma nā haʻawina e hiki mai ana!
Oe E hoʻi Like A
Kani mele a me kona mau waiwai
E pili ana i nā microchromatics harmonic
