Václav Neumann |
Vaclav Neumann
"He kiʻi palupalu, he poʻo lahilahi, nā hiʻohiʻona ascetic - paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻoi aku me ka hiʻohiʻona ikaika o Franz Konwitschny. He ʻokoʻa naʻe, ke noi nei iā ia iho, ʻoiai ua lanakila ʻo Vaclav Neumann e noho ana ma Prague iā Konvichny ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka Gewandhaus orchestra, i kākau ai ka mea hoʻokani mele Kelemania ʻo Ernst Krause i kekahi mau makahiki i hala.
No nā makahiki he nui, ua hāʻawi ʻo Vaclav Neumann i kāna talena i ʻelua mau moʻomeheu mele i ka manawa hoʻokahi - Czechoslovak a me Kelemania. Hōʻike ʻia kāna hana hua a me nā ʻano like ʻole ma ka hale keaka mele a ma ke kahua ʻaha mele, e uhi ana i kahi ākea ākea o nā ʻāina a me nā kūlanakauhale.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻike iki ʻia ʻo Neumann - i kēia lā ke kamaʻilio nei lākou e pili ana iā ia ʻo ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi maikaʻi loa a me nā alakaʻi kumu mua o ka hanauna ma hope o ke kaua.
ʻO Prague ka wahi hānau o ka mea pena, "ka conservatory o ʻEulopa," e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia e nā mea mele. E like me nā alakaʻi he nui, ʻo Neumann kahi puka puka o ka Conservatory Prague. ʻO kāna mau kumu ma laila ʻo P. Dedechek lāua ʻo V. Talikh. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā mea kani - violin, viola. No ʻewalu mau makahiki he lālā ʻo ia no ka Smetana Quartet kaulana, e hoʻokani ana i ka viola i loko, a ua hana ʻo ia ma ka Czech Philharmonic Orchestra. ʻAʻole i haʻalele ʻo Neumann i ka moeʻuhane e lilo i alakaʻi, a ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kāna pahuhopu.
No nā makahiki mua i hana ʻo ia ma Karlovy Vary a me Brno, a ma 1956 ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi o ka Prague City Orchestra; i ka manawa like, hana ʻo Neumann no ka manawa mua ma ka papa mana o ka Berlin Komische Oper Theatre. ʻO ka luna hoʻokele kaulana o ka hale keaka, ʻo V. Felsenshtein, ua hiki iā ia ke manaʻo i ka alakaʻi ʻōpio i nā ʻano e pili ana iā ia - ka makemake no ka hoʻololi maoli ʻana o ka hana, no ka hui ʻana o nā mea a pau o kahi hana mele. A kono ʻo ia iā Neumann e lawe i ka ʻoihana alakaʻi nui o ka hale keaka.
Ua noho ʻo Neumann ma ka Komish Oper no ʻelima mau makahiki, mai 1956 a i 1960, a ma hope i hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi huakaʻi. ʻO ka hana pū ʻana me kahi haku koʻikoʻi a me kekahi o nā ensembles maikaʻi loa i hāʻawi iā ia i kahi kālā kupaianaha. I loko o kēia mau makahiki i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi kiʻi hoʻohālike o ka mea pena. ʻO ka maʻalahi, me he mea lā e hele ana "me ke mele", ua hui pū ʻia nā neʻe me kahi leo ʻoi a maopopo (kahi e ʻike ʻia ana kāna pahu i kahi mea kani a hui paha); ʻO ka mea alakaʻi e nānā nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā leo, e loaʻa ana i nā ʻokoʻa nui a me nā kiʻekiʻe mālamalama; ke alakaʻi nei i ka ʻaha mele me nā neʻe waiwai, hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā mea hiki a pau, a hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona helehelena, e hōʻike i kona manaʻo i nā lālā orkestra.
ʻO ke ʻano hana ʻole a me ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o Neiman he mana hoihoi a hoihoi. Hiki i nā Muscovites ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa - i ka wā o ka hana a ka mea alakaʻi ma ka console o ka Komische Opera Theatre, a ma hope, i kona hele ʻana mai iā mākou me ka Prague Philharmonic Orchestra. Ua hana mau ʻo ia me kēia hui mai ka makahiki 1963. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo Neumann e uhaʻi me nā hui hoʻokumu o ka GDR - mai ka makahiki 1964 ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi mele o ka Leipzig Opera a me ka Gewandhaus Orchestra, a ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i nā hana ma ka ʻOpera Dresden.
ʻO ke kālena o Neumann ma ke ʻano he symphonic conductor ua ʻike nui ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke mele o kona mau hoa - no ka laʻana, ka pōʻai o nā mele "My Homeland" na Smetana, nā symphonies a Dvořák a me nā hana a Janáček lāua ʻo Martinou, ka ʻuhane aupuni a me ka "maʻalahi paʻakikī". , kahi kokoke i ke alakaʻi, a me nā mea kākau Czech a me Kelemania hou. Ma waena o kāna mau haku mele punahele ʻo Brahms, Shostakovich, Stravinsky. No ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma ʻaneʻi ma waena o nā hana maikaʻi loa a ke alakaʻi e pono ai ke kapa ʻia ʻo "The Tales of Hoffmann", "Othello", "The Cunning Chanterelle" i ka "Comische Opera"; ʻO "Katya Kabanova" a me "Boris Godunov" i ka mana o Shostakovich, i hoʻokani ʻia e ia ma Leipzig; ʻO ka opera a L. Janacek "From the Dead House" - ma Dresden.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
