Zara Alexandrovna Dolukhanova |
Zara Dolukhanova
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma ka lā 15 o Malaki, 1918 ma Moscow. Makuakane – Makaryan Agassi Markovich. makuahine - Makaryan Elena Gaykovna. Kaikuahine – Dagmara Alexandrovna. Nā keiki kāne: Mikhail Dolukhanyan, Sergey Yadrov. Nā moʻopuna: Alexander, Igor.
He leo kakaikahi ko ka makuahine o Zara. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka hīmeni ʻana me AV Yuryeva, kahi mele mele kaulana, hoa aloha a me ka hoaaloha o AV Nezhdanova i ka wā ma mua, a ua aʻo ʻia ʻo ia e VV Barsova i ke kiʻi piano, ʻōpio loa i kēlā mau makahiki, i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Bolshoi Theatre. . ʻO koʻu makuakāne he mea ʻenekinia mīkini, makemake nui i ke mele, hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka violin a me ka piano, he mea hoʻokani pila ma kahi orkestra symphony amateur. No laila, ʻo nā kaikamahine ʻelua a nā mākua akamai, ʻo Dagmara lāua ʻo Zara, mai nā lā mua o ko lāua ola ʻana, ua noho lākou i loko o kahi lewa i piha i nā mele, mai ka wā liʻiliʻi ua hoʻolauna ʻia lākou i kahi moʻomeheu mele maoli. Mai ka makahiki ʻelima, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Zara e lawe i nā haʻawina piano mai ON Karandasheva-Yakovleva, a i ka makahiki he ʻumi ua komo ʻo ia i ke kula mele o nā keiki i kapa ʻia ʻo KN Igumnov. Aia i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kāna kumu ʻo SN Nikiforova, hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā sonata o Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Bach's preludes and fugues. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua neʻe ʻo Zara i ka papa violin a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai ua lilo ʻo ia i haumāna ma ke kula ʻo Gnessin Music, kahi āna i aʻo ai mai 1933 a i 1938.
I loko o ke kula ʻenehana mele, he haku koʻikoʻi kāna kumu aʻoaʻo, nāna i hānai i ka galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā laureates violin kaulana, ʻo Pyotr Abramovich Bondarenko, he kumu aʻoaʻo ma ka Gnessin Institute a me ka Conservatory. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo Zara, he ʻumikūmāono makahiki, ua hui mua i ʻelua mau ʻoihana mea kani, ua loaʻa iā ia ke ala nui. ʻO ka pono i loko o kēia ke keʻena mele a me ke kumu VM Belyaeva-Tarasevich. ʻO ke kumu, e hilinaʻi ana i nā leo umauma kani kūlohelohe a nani, ua ʻike i kona leo he mezzo-soprano. Ua kōkua nā papa me Vera Manuilovna i ka leo o ka mea mele e hiki mai ana e ulu ikaika, i hoʻokumu i ke kahua paʻa no ka hoʻomohala ikaika.
ʻO nā makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana o Zara ma ke Kulanui o nā mele i hui pū me ka lā kiʻekiʻe o ka haku mele Lūkini a me ke kula hoʻokani. I loko o ka conservatory a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Hale o Unions, me nā mea pena kiʻi kūloko, hana ʻia nā mea kaulana o nā ʻāina ʻē, ua pani ʻia nā haku o ka hanauna kahiko e nā laureates ʻōpio, nā hoa pili o ka mea mele. Akā i kēia manawa, i nā makahiki 30, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka pae ʻoihana a ʻokoʻa i kāna mau hoa hana - nā haumāna novice wale nō i kāna ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi, ka make wai ʻole i nā ʻike hou. ʻO ka poʻe mele home, ʻo Zare i kēlā mau makahiki kahi kokoke loa iā NA Obukhova, MP Maksakova, VA Davydova, ND Shpiller, S.Ya. Lemeshev. ʻO kahi mea hoʻokani pila hou, ua huki ʻo Zara i nā manaʻo manaʻo nui i nā ʻaha mele o nā violinists, piano, a me nā hui keʻena.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana o Zara Alexandrovna, ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o kāna mau mākaukau ʻaʻole i pili hou i kahi kula hoʻonaʻauao. Me ka puka ʻole ʻana mai ke kula ʻenehana, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i Yerevan no nā kumu pilikino - kahi hui me Alexander Pavlovich Dolukhanyan, ʻōpio, nani, akamai, aloha a me ka male i hoʻololi nui i ke ʻano o ke ola maʻamau o kahi haumāna pololei a ikaika. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma mua koke o nā hoʻokolokolo hope. Ua lawe ʻo Dolukhanyan i nā hana a ke kumu leo a hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kāna wahine i ka makemake no ka ʻohana ʻohana o ka "conservatory", ʻoiai ʻo ia he kanaka i mākaukau loa i nā pilikia leo a me ka ʻenehana, ka mea i ʻike a makemake e hana pū me. poe himeni, a eia kekahi, he mea hookani pila naauao, i hooiaio mau i kona pono. Ua puka 'o ia ma ke 'ano he pianist mai ka Leningrad Conservatory, a i ka makahiki 1935, ua ho'opau 'o ia i nā ha'awina postgraduate me SI Savshinsky, 'o ia ke kumu kumu 'oi loa, ke po'o o ka 'Oihana, a ma hope koke iho o kona male 'ana, ho'omaka 'o ia e ho'omaika'i i ka haku mele me N.Ya. Myaskovsky. Aia ma Yerevan, e aʻo ana i nā papa piano a me ke keʻena ma ka conservatory, hāʻawi ʻo Dolukhanyan i nā ʻaha mele he nui i kahi hui me ka ʻōpio ʻo Pavel Lisitsian. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Zara Alexandrovna i kēia manawa o kona ola, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka noʻonoʻo, ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mākau, e like me ka hauʻoli a me ka hua.
Mai ka hāʻule o 1938 ma Yerevan, ua komo ka mea mele me ka ʻike ʻole i ke ola keaka a ua manaʻo ʻo ia i ke ʻano hectic o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no nā makahiki he ʻumi o ke kiʻi Armenian ma Moscow, me ka hopohopo e pili ana i kona ʻohana - nā poʻe hui hui: ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o kāna male ʻana me Dolukhanyan. , ua male ʻo ia i ka hōkū piʻi o ke kahua ʻAmenia - baritone Pavel Lisitsian Dagmar ka kaikuaʻana i puka mai. ʻO nā ʻohana ʻelua me ka ikaika piha ma ʻOkakopa 1939 i hele i Moscow no hoʻokahi makahiki. A ʻaʻole liʻuliʻu ua lilo ʻo Zara iā ia iho i mea hoʻokani mele o ka Yerevan Theatre.
Ua hana ʻo Dolukhanova ʻo Dunyasha ma The Tsar's Bride, ʻo Polina i ka Queen of Spades. Ua alakaʻi ʻia nā opera ʻelua ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka mea alakaʻi ʻo MA Tavrizian, he mea pena koʻikoʻi a pololei. ʻO ke komo ʻana i kāna mau hana he hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo mua o ke oʻo. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha pōkole ma muli o ka hānau ʻana o kahi keiki a noho pū me kāna kāne ma Moscow, ua hoʻi ʻo Zara Alexandrovna i ka Yerevan Theatre, ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua, a hoʻomau i ka hana ma nā ʻāpana opera o ka mezzo-soprano. repertoire. ʻO ke ola mele o ke kapikala ʻo Armenia i kēlā manawa i hoʻomaka me ka ikaika nui ma muli o nā mea hoʻokani pila i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i Yerevan. Ua loaʻa i ka mea mele ʻōpio kekahi e aʻo mai me ka hoʻolohi ʻole i kona ulu ʻana. I kekahi mau kau o ka hana ma Yerevan, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Zara Dolukhanova a hana i ka ʻāpana o Countess de Ceprano a me Page ma Rigoletto, Emilia ma Othello, ke kaikamahine ʻelua ma Anush, Gayane ma Almast, Olga ma Eugene Onegin. A hiki koke mai i ka makahiki iwakāluakūmāono - aloha i ka hale keaka! No ke aha mai? ʻO ka mea mua i pane i kēia nīnau enigmatic, e ʻike ana i ka loli e hiki mai ana, ʻo Mikael Tavrizian, ke alakaʻi nui o ka Yerevan Opera i kēlā manawa. I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 1943, ua ʻike maopopo ʻo ia i ka lele qualitative i hana ʻia e ka mea ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana, ʻike ʻia ka nani o ka coloratura, nā kala hou o ka timbre. Ua ʻike ʻia e hīmeni ana kahi haku i haku ʻia, e kali ana no ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā pili ʻole i ka hale keaka, akā me ka hana ʻaha mele. Wahi a ka mea mele ponoʻī, ua hāʻawi ke mele o ke keʻena i kona makemake no ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka hana manuahi ʻole ʻole i ka leo leo.
ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka leo kekahi o nā manaʻo nui o ka mea mele. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kēia ma ka hana ʻana i nā hana a A. a me D. Scarlatti, A. Caldara, B. Marcello, J. Pergolesi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke lilo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kēia mau hana i mea kōkua kumu nui no ka poʻe mele. ʻO ka mea maopopo loa, ua hōʻike ʻia ka papa o ka mea mele ma ka hana ʻana i nā hana a Bach lāua ʻo Handel. ʻO nā'ahamele a Zara Dolukhanova i komo i nā pōkā leo a me nā hana a F. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, I. Brahms, R. Strauss, a me Mozart, Beethoven, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Sviridov a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ua hoʻolaʻa ka mea mele i nā papahana holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā mea haku mele o kēia wā, hana pū ʻo Zara Alexandrovna i nā hana a Y. Shaporin, R. Shchedrin, S. Prokofiev, A. Dolukhanyan, M. Tariverdiev, V. Gavrilin, D. Kabalevsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana noʻeau a Dolukhanova i nā makahiki he kanahā. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma nā hale ʻaha mele maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAsia, Australia a me New Zealand. Ma ka hapa nui o nā keʻena mele nui loa o ka honua, ua hāʻawi mau ka mea mele i nā ʻaha mele me ka lanakila nui.
Mahalo nui ʻia ka hana o ZA Dolukhanova ma ka ʻāina a ma waho. I ka makahiki 1951, ua loa'a 'o ia i ka makana Moku'āina no ka hana 'aha mele ko'iko'i. I ka makahiki 1952, ua loaʻa iā ia ke poʻo inoa o Honored Artist of Armenia, a laila, i ka makahiki 1955, ka People's Artist of Armenia. I ka makahiki 1956, ZA Dolukhanova - People's Artist of the RSFSR. Ma ka lā 6 o Pepeluali, ua hāʻawi ʻo Paul Robeson iā Dolukhanova i kahi palapala hoʻomaikaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e ka World Peace Council e pili ana i ka ʻumi o ka makahiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka maluhia honua "No kāna kōkua koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka maluhia a me ka pilina ma waena o nā lāhui." I ka makahiki 1966, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka makana mua o nā mele Soviet, ʻo Z. Dolukhanova, i ka makana Lenin. I ka makahiki 1990, ua loa'a i ka mea mele ka inoa hanohano o People's Artist o ka USSR. ʻO ka hoihoi ʻole i kāna hana ke hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka laʻana, i ka manawa wale nō mai 1990 a 1995, ʻewalu mau CD i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā hui ʻo Melodiya, Monitor, Austro Mechana a me Russian Disc.
PER. He kaukaʻi ʻo Dolukhanova ma ka Gnessin Russian Academy of Music a ua aʻo ʻo ia i kahi papa ma Gnessin Institute, ua komo ikaika i ka jure o nā hoʻokūkū mele. He 30 aʻe kāna mau haumāna, a ua lilo ka hapa nui o lākou i kumu.
Ua make ʻo ia ma ka lā 4 o Dekemaba, 2007 ma Moscow.
