Paleography mele |

Paleography mele (mai ka Greek palaios - kahiko, kahiko a me grapo - ke kākau nei au) - ka wahi o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbhistorical musicology, kahi mele-historical kūikawā. hoʻopaʻi. Aʻo ʻo ia i nā ʻōnaehana kahiko o ka hoʻopaʻa mele, nā ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā muses. hōʻailona, ​​hoʻololi i kā lākou mau kiʻi. nā ʻano, a me nā monuments o muses. kākau (ch. arr. singing manuscripts for cult purposes) e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana mele, ka manawa a me kahi o ka hana ʻana, ka mea kākau. ʻO ka laulā o P. m. e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā kaha wai pepa (filigrees), ka mea a me ke ʻano o ke mele. manuscripts. Ma ka hana noiʻi o kēia wā ʻo P. m. hana pū kekahi kumu-vedch. nā hana: ʻike, wehewehe a me ka systematization o nā muses kākau lima. nā monuments, ka wehewehe ʻana o kā lākou ʻano pili, ke aʻo ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ponoʻī, a pēlā aku P. m. e aʻo ana i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o nā muses. nā moʻolelo: alphabetic, digital, notolinear, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona maʻamau (ekphonetic, neumatic, znamenny, etc.).

ʻO ka pahuhopu hope loa o ka mele-paleographic. noiʻi - deciphering i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o muses. ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka unuhi ʻana i nā mele. ke kikokikona o nā monumen kākau lima i kēia wā. laina laina. No laila, ʻo ka hana nui loa ʻO ka hana a P. m. ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻano hana no ka heluhelu mele. nā kikokikona o nā manuscript kahiko, ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike o nā muses. nā ʻōlelo o nā au like ʻole. Ma keia mea, ua hoike mai o P. m. e ʻimi ana i nā manaʻo o nā muses. nā leka, me (ma kahi ʻano mōʻaukala) nā pilikia o ka coding mele. ʻike. P. m. ke kū nei hoʻi i kekahi mau pilikia o ka mōʻaukala nui. a me ke mele. kauoha - ke kumu o nā ʻōnaehana muses. nā moʻolelo, kā lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana i ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ke ʻano o kēia evolution, ka pilina o ka waha a me nā muses. kikokikona, intonational-figurative connections of muses. moʻomeheu o ka moʻomeheu kākau a me ka moʻomeheu, ke ʻano no ke aʻo ʻana i nā muses kākau lima. monuments.

Pehea kikoʻī. hapa o P. m. ua komo i loko o ka mōʻaukala a me ka philological. paleography, hoʻohana i kāna mau ʻano o ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea kākau lima. P. m. e like me ka ʻepekema. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma ka hui o ka mōʻaukala. musicology, paleography and music. kumu haʻawina, no laila, i loko o Pm paleographic hana ua hui, mele a me ka analytical. a me ka moolelo mele. noiʻi, hoʻohana ʻia i ka manaʻo. nā hoʻomohala a me nā ʻano o ka ʻikepili, ka ʻike ʻike, a me nā ʻepekema a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

Ka noiʻi mele. ʻO nā mea kākau lima i hala i ka ʻenehana aʻe. nā pae:

1) aʻo kumu (ʻike o ka monument, kona wehewehe a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana);

2) paleographic laulā (paleographic study of the manuscript: external features, dating, authorship, preservation, writing style of verbal and music texts, pagination, etc.);

3) mele-paleographic (nā hiʻohiʻona o ka correlation o ka waha a me nā mele mele, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana o nā mele mele, ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike a me ka systematization o nā paʻi kiʻi a me nā mea o nā hoʻopaʻa mele, etc.). Mele-paleographic. ʻO ka pae noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mōʻaukala hoʻohālikelike, ke mele a me ka manaʻo, makemakika. a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻonui nei ka pōʻai i ka wā e hōʻiliʻili ai nā mea a me ka ulu ʻana o P. m. iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he mele-ʻenehana. nā hoʻopaʻi.

Nā hopena o ka mele-paleographic. Hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ma nā paʻi puke, me nā paʻi facsimile o muses. nā monuments me ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka manaʻo, i loaʻa pinepine i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano hana no ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka unuhi ʻana i nā mele. kikokiko i ka helu laina.

Ma P. m., hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Lūkini. mele mele mele Byzantine (Greek). paleography, mele Latina (Gregorian). paleography, lima. mele mele a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka māhele ma ke kiʻi, syntactic. a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ke mele. nā moʻolelo ma nā wahi monuments. ʻO kēlā me kēia wahi i aʻo ʻia o P. m. pili i ka pōʻai o nā manuscripts, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma kekahi ʻōlelo, nona kahi ʻōlelo kikoʻī. nā hiʻohiʻona i nā ʻōnaehana mele i hoʻohana ʻia. mooolelo. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka ʻoi aʻe o ka ʻoihana a me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea, hiki ke kū i waho nā ʻano hou o P. m.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻepekema kūikawā, ʻo P. m. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā makahiki 50. ʻO ke kenekulia 19 ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui nā hana a ka Farani. ʻepekema ʻo EA Kusmaker, nāna i hoʻokumu i ke aʻo ʻana o ka Middle Ages. kākau mele ma ka ʻepekema paʻa a hōʻole i nā kuhiakau kumu ʻole e pili ana i ke kumu o ʻEulopa Komohana. nevm. Ma hope mai, ua hāʻawi nui ʻo X. Riemann, O. Fleischer, P. Wagner i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kākau deciphered, a ma hope aku - P. Ferretti, J. Handshin, E. Yammers a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1889-1950 ma Farani, malalo o ka hooponopono ana a . ʻO A. Mokro (mai 1931 - J. Gazhar) i hoʻopuka i kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o nā monuments o ke kākau demented me kahi noiʻi kikoʻī. haʻiʻōlelo (“Paleographie musicale” – “Musical paleography”, 19 vols.). Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Byzantine Middle Ages. Ua uhi nui ʻia nā notation ma nā hana a A. Gastuet lāua ʻo JB Thibaut i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20; akā naʻe, ua loaʻa nā kūleʻa koʻikoʻi ma kēia wahi i nā makahiki 20 a me 30. mahalo i ka noiʻi a E. Welles, GJW Tilyard a me K. Hög. Ua hiki iā lākou ke wehewehe piha i ka notation Middle Byzantine, i wehe i ke ala e hoʻomaopopo ai i nā monuments o ka palapala Paleo-Byzantine. Mai ka makahiki 1935, ua paʻi ʻia ka moʻo Monumentae musicae byzantinae (Monuments of Byzantine Music), e komo pū ana nā puke i ʻōlelo ʻepekema a me nā noiʻi kūikawā. I kēia manawa I nā hana ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manaʻo o ka maʻamau o nā kumu o Byzantine. a me ka palapala kalaima ʻole o ʻEulopa a me ka hiki ke hana i hoʻokahi P. m. honua, e uhi ana i nā ʻano o ka Middle Ages. kākau mele.

ʻO Rus. E ʻimi ana ka paleography mele i nā monumen kākau lima o Slavic-Russian o ka 12th - mua. Ke kenekulia 18 (nā manuscript kaʻawale - a hiki i ke kenekulia 20): Kondakari, Stihirari, Irmologii, Oktoikhi, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. mooolelo: kondakar, kia, huakaʻi, etc. Ma ka manawa like, Russian mele paleography noonoo notolinear palapala, i loaʻa i loko o ka 17th kenekulia. kikoʻī ma Rusia. nā hiʻohiʻona (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Kiev hae, ʻaʻole i aʻo piha ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona), a me nā manuscripts banner-notolinear o con. 17 - noi. ʻO ke kenekulia 18 (e nānā i ka hae pālua), hāʻawi i ka manawa e hoʻohālikelike ai. ka nānā ʻana o ʻelua mau ʻōnaehana hoʻololi mele mele. ka leo kani. Ua hoʻomaka ke aʻo ʻana o Znamenny kākau e VM Undolsky (1846) a me IP Sakharov (1849). Mele-paleographic. ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi e VF Odoevsky a me VV Stasov. ʻO kahi pae hou, i hāʻawi i nā mea nui o ka mōʻaukala a me ka ʻepekema. ʻO ka systematization o nā mea, nā hana a DV Razumovsky. Hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia Lūkini. Na SV Smolensky, VM Metallov, AV Preobrazhensky, a ma hope mai e VM Belyaev, MV Brazhnikov, ND Uspensky, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ʻo Brazhnikov i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema. nā kumu o ka paleography mele Lūkini. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi papa kūikawā i nā mele mele no nā haumāna musicology, āna i aʻo ai ma ka Leningrad Conservatory mai 1969 a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola (1973). Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o ka Lūkini. mele ʻana i ka paleography ma ke ʻano he ʻepekema. ka hoʻopaʻi (ma mua, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka nui o kāna mau ʻano e ka ʻohana ʻohana Lūkini a i ʻole ka mele mele mele ʻana i ka hale pule). Ma ka pae hou o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia ʻepekema i lilo i kumu kūpono loa, metodological a me muz.-paleographic. Nā pilikia. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mele mele ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau (Brazhnikov), akā ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia nā pilikia o ka systematization a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Lūkini. nā monuments mele, ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano hīmeni; ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia o ke kumu o ka Lūkini. ʻōnaehana mele. nā moʻolelo mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka syntactic a mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka semantics. E pili ana i ka pilikia o ka genesis nā pilikia o ka coding muses. ʻike i nā ʻōnaehana znamenny a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana znamenny iā lākou iho. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano o ka evolution ʻo ia ka nīnau o ka mōʻaukala. ka manawa o ka palapala Znamenny (Brazhnikov i manaʻo i ka paleographic periodization e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kiʻi o nā hae); ke kūkulu ʻia nei kahi hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻōnaehana znamenny.

ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia nui o ka paleography mele Lūkini - ka wehewehe ʻana i ka leka Znamenny o ka manawa i hōʻailona ʻole ʻia (e ʻike iā Kryuki). Ma ka palapala ʻepekema, ua ʻike ʻia ʻelua ala ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia. ʻO kekahi o ia mau ala "mai ka mea i ʻike ʻia a i ʻike ʻole ʻia", ʻo ia hoʻi, mai nā ʻano hope o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa hook, i loaʻa ka waiwai pitch pili ("marked" a me "signature" kākau), i nā mea mua ʻaʻole i piha piha. wehewehe ʻia. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia kēia ʻano e Smolensky, ma hope ua pale ʻia e Metallov, Brazhnikov, a ma waho e I. Gardner. ʻO ke ala ʻē aʻe i ukali ʻia e kekahi mau ʻepekema Western (M. Velimirovic, O. Strunk, K. Floros, K. Levi) e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano kahiko loa o Znamenny a me Kondakar kākau me ka palapala Paleo-Byzantine. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi o kēia mau ala ke alakaʻi i ka hopena. e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia, a e hoʻokō i kahi hopena maikaʻi, ʻepekema hoʻoikaika, pono kā lākou pilina.

Ka lima. ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mele kahiko. nā moʻolelo ma nā monuments o ka Armenian. nā moʻomeheu mele o nā kenekulia 5-18. (mai ke kenekulia 8 - notation khaz). Ma ka noiʻi hou loa, ʻike nā mea kākau ua kūkulu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana notation kūʻokoʻa ma Armenia, nona kahi nat kikoʻī. mau ano. lima kahiko. ʻohi ʻia a aʻo ʻia nā palapala mele ma ka Mokuʻāina. ka waihona o nā palapala kahiko ma lalo o ka ʻAha Kuhina o ka Arm. SSR (Matenadaran), ka mea nui o ka honua. Ma waena o nā pilikia nui o ka lima. ʻO ka paleography mele e pili ana i ka pili ʻana o nā manuscripts mua, ka genesis o Arm. notation a ʻimi i nā prototypes o ka haz notation, deciphering, aʻo ʻana i nā pilina o ka Middle Ages. prof. a me Nar. mele, etc.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mele-paleographic. pili nā pilikia o ka paleography mele Armenia me nā inoa o Gr. Gapasakalyan, E. Tntesyan, Komitas. ʻO ka hope no ka manawa mua i hāpai i nā pilikia o ka genesis a me ka ulu ʻana o ka haz notation, hoʻomaka ʻepekema. mele-paleographic. ke aʻo ʻana i nā monuments o ka Armenian. moʻomeheu mele; Manaʻo ʻia nā pilikia theoretical i nā hana a XS Kushnarev, PA Atayan, NK Tagmizyan.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Undolsky V., Nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka hīmeni ʻana o ka hale pule ma Rusia, "Heluhelu i ka imp. Ka Hui o ka Moolelo o Rusia a me na Mea kahiko, 1846, No 3; Sakharov I., Haʻawina e pili ana i ka oli halepule Lūkini, Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, 1849, part 61; Lvov A. F., ʻO ke kani manuahi a asymmetrical paha, St. Petersburg, 1858; ʻO Razumovsky D. V., Ma ke mele non-linear manuscripts o ka ekalesia znamenny himeni, M., 1863; nona ponoi, Materials for an archaeological dictionary, “Antiquities. Nā hana o ka Moscow Archaeological Society, vol. 1, M., 1865; ʻO Smolensky S. V., He wehewehe pōkole o ka mea kahiko (XII-XIII mau kenekulia) hermologist kaulana ..., Kazan, 1887; nona iho, Ma na palapala mele kahiko o Rusia, St. Petersburg, 1901; ʻO kāna, Ma nā hana kūpono a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema ma ke kula o ka hale pule Lūkini mele archeology, St. Petersburg, 1904; kona, He mau ikepili hou ma ka mea i kapaia Kondakar hae, "RMG", 1913, No 44-46, 49; ʻO Metalov V. M., ABC o ka himeni hook, M., 1899; ʻo kāna ʻano hoʻohālikelike Lūkini, M., 1912; ʻO Preobrazhensky A. V., Ma ke ano like o ka palapala mele Lūkini me ka Helene ma ka himeni ana i na palapala o na 1909th-1926th keneturia, St. Petersburg, XNUMX; ʻO kāna mele mele Greco-Russian e like me nā kenekulia XII-XIII, "De musica", L., XNUMX; ʻO Brazhnikov M. V., Nā ala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me nā hana o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mele Znamenny o nā kenekulia XII-XVII, L. – M., 1949; kāna, Nā Manaʻo Hou o Znamenny Chant, L., 1967; nona iho, Zur Terminologie der altrussischen Vokalmusik, "Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft", 1968, Jahrg. 10, H. 3; ʻO kāna, Nā alakaʻi pōkole a me nā papahana no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā manuscript mele kahiko o Rūsia, i loko o ka puke. : Nā alakaʻi no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā manuscripts Slavonic Russian no ka Consolidated catalog of manuscripts i mālama ʻia ma ka USSR, vol. 1, M., 1973; nona iho, Monuments of Znamenny Chant, L., 1974; ʻo kāna iho, ʻo Fedor Krestyanin - ka mea mele Lūkini o ke kenekulia 1974, ma ka puke: Krestyanin F., Stihiry, M., 1975; ʻO kāna mau mele mele mele Lūkini a me kāna mau hana maoli, "SM", 4, No 1975; ʻo kāna ponoʻī, Nā ʻatikala ma nā mele Lūkini kahiko, L., XNUMX; ʻO Atayan R. A., Nā nīnau no ke aʻo ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i ka notation khaz Armenian, Yer., 1954; ʻO Belyaev V. M., kākau mele Lūkini kahiko, M., 1962; ʻO Uspensky N. Д., Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, М., 1965, 1971; Tahmizian N., The Ancient Armenian Musical Manuscripts and Issues Relating to Their Deciphering, "Review of Armenian Studies", P., 1970, t. VII; его же, Spruces of Armenian and Byzantine Music in the Early Middle Ages, "Musyka", 1977, No 1, с 3-12; Apоян Н. O., Ma ka Theory of Medieval Nevmennoe Notation on the Basis of Armenian Khazs, Yer., 1972; nona iho, Deciphering non-mental notation based on Armenian Khaz, Er., 1973; Keldysh Yu. V., No ka pilikia o ke kumu o ka mele Znamenny, "Musica antiqua", Bydgoszcz, 1975; ʻO Nikishov G. A., Paleography hoʻohālikelike o ka palapala kondakar o nā kenekulia 1-3, ibid.; Fleicher O., Neumen-Studien, TI XNUMX-XNUMX, Lpz. — B., 1895-1904; Wagner P., Introduction to Gregorian melodies, vol. 2, neumes, paleography of liturgical oli, Lpz., 1905, 1912; Thibaut P., Origine byzantine de la notation neumatique de l'йglise latine, P., 1907; Wellesz E., Studies on Paldography of Byzantine Music, «ZfMw», 1929-1930, vol. 12, H. 7; eго жe, He Moolelo no na Mele a me ka Himeni Byzantine, Oxf., 1949, 1961; ʻO Tillyar d H. J. W., Handbook of the middle bizantine musical notation, Cph., 1935; его же, ʻO nā pae o nā mele mele mua bytantines, «Byzantinische Zeitschrift», 1952, H. 1; Коsсhmieder E., Nā ʻāpana hirmology Novgorod kahiko loa, Lfg. 1-3, Munich, 1952-58; его же, Ma ke kumu o ka palapala Slavic Krjuki, "Festschrift no Dmytro Cyzevskyj ma ka 60th Geburtstag, В., 1954; Hцeg C., ʻO ka moʻomeheu slavonic kahiko loa o nā mele byzantine, "Proceeding of the British Academy", v. 39, 1953; Palikarova-Verdeil R., La musique byzantine chez les slaves (Bulgares et Russes) aux IX-e et Xe siиcles, Cph., 1953; ʻO Gardner J., ʻO kekahi o nā moʻolelo o nā neumes Lūkini kahiko ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka makahiki 1668, «Welt der Slaven», 1960, No 2; его же, E pili ana i ka pilikia o ke ʻano o ka pālākiō ma ka Russian Neumengesang kahiko, в сб.: Musik des Ostens, (Bd) 2, Kassel, 1963; ʻO Velimirovic M., nā mea Byzantines i ka mele slavic mua, Cph. 1960; Arro E., Nā pilikia nui o ka Moʻolelo Mele Hikina Hikina, в сб.: Music of the East, (Bd) 1, Kassel, 1962; He puke kākau lima o Old Russian neumatic writing, ed. na J v. ʻO Gardner lāua ʻo E. Koschmieder, Tl 1-3, Munich, 1963-72; Floros C., Ka decipherment o Kondakaria notation, в сб.: Musik des Ostens, (Bd) 3-4, Kassel, 1965?67; его же, Universale Neumenkunde, vols.

GA Nikishov