Albert Roussel |

Albert Roussel

He mea maʻamau ka moʻolelo o A. Roussel, kekahi o nā haku mele Farani kaulana o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 25. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona mau makahiki ʻōpio i ka holo ʻana i ka moana ʻĀina a me ka Pākīpika, e like me N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ua kipa ʻo ia i nā ʻāina exotic. ʻAʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻo Roussel i ka mele ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana. I ka makahiki 1894 wale nō ʻo ia i hoʻoholo ai e hāʻawi piha iā ia iho i ke mele. Ma hope o kahi manawa kānalua a kānalua, noi ʻo Roussel i kona haʻalele ʻana a noho ma ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Roubaix. Maanei ʻo ia e hoʻomaka ai i nā papa e like me ke alakaʻi o ke kula mele kūloko. Mai ʻOkakopa 4 noho ʻo Roussel ma Paris, kahi āna i lawe ai i nā haʻawina haku mele mai E. Gigot. Ma hope o 1902 mau makahiki, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Schola cantorum i ka papa haku mele o V. d'Andy, kahi i kono ʻia ai ʻo ia i ka pou o ke kaukaʻi o counterpoint. Ma laila ʻo ia i aʻo ai a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ua komo ka papa o Roussel e ka poe haku mele i lilo i wahi ko'iko'i ma ka mo'omeheu mele o Farani, E. Satie, E. Varèse, P. Le Flem, A. Roland-Manuel.

ʻO nā haku mele mua a Roussel, i hana ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana i ka makahiki 1898. a loaʻa iā ia ka makana ma ka hoʻokūkū o ka Society of Composers, ʻaʻole i ola. I ka makahiki 1903, ua hoʻokaniʻia ka hana symphonic "Resurrection", i hoʻoikaikaʻia e ka puke moʻolelo a L. Tolstoy, ma ka'ahamele o ka National Musical Society (A. Corto i alakaʻiʻia). A ma mua o kēia hanana, ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo Roussel i nā pōʻai mele ma muli o kāna keʻena a me nā haku mele (Trio no ka piano, violin a me cello, ʻEhā mau mele no ka leo a me ka piano i nā paukū a A. Renier, "The Hours Pass" no ka piano).

ʻO ka makemake i ka Hikina e hana hou ai ʻo Roussel i kahi huakaʻi nui i India, Cambodia a me Ceylon. Mahalo hou ka mea haku mele i nā luakini nani, hele i nā hana keaka aka, hoʻolohe i ke mele mele. ʻO nā neoneo o ke kūlanakauhale India kahiko ʻo Chittor, kahi i noho aliʻi ai ʻo Padmavati i kekahi manawa, he manaʻo nui iā ia. ʻO ka Hikina, nona ka mele mele a Roussel i kamaʻāina ai i kona wā ʻōpiopio, ua hoʻonui nui i kāna ʻōlelo mele. Ma nā hana o nā makahiki mua, hoʻohana ka mea haku mele i nā hiʻohiʻona intonational o India, Cambodian, mele Indonesia. Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi o ka Hikina i ka opera-ballet Padmavati, i hoʻokani ʻia ma Grand Opera (1923) a loaʻa ka lanakila nui. Ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 30. ʻO Roussel kekahi o nā mea mua i hoʻohana i kāna hana i kapa ʻia nā ʻano exotic - Greek kahiko, Chinese, Indian (Sonata for Violin and Piano).

ʻAʻole i pakele ʻo Roussel i ka mana o ka Impressionism. Ma ka ballet hoʻokahi ʻO ka ʻahaʻaina o ka Spider (1912), ua hana ʻo ia i kahi helu i ʻike ʻia no ka nani nani o nā kiʻi, nani a me ka hoʻokani ʻana.

ʻO ke komo ʻana i ke Kaua Honua Mua he wahi hoʻololi i ke ola o Roussel. Ke hoʻi mai nei i mua, hoʻololi ka haku mele i kona ʻano hana. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i ke ʻano hou o ka neoclassicism. "Ke haʻalele nei ʻo Albert Roussel iā mākou," i kākau ai ka mea hoʻopiʻi ʻo E. Viyermoz, he mea mālama i ka impressionism, "haʻalele me ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana, me ka leo ʻole, ka noʻonoʻo, kaohi ... E haʻalele ʻo ia, e haʻalele ʻo ia, e haʻalele ʻo ia. Akā ma hea? Ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻalele ʻana mai ka impressionism i ka Second Symphony (1919-22). Ma ke kolu (1930) a me ka ʻEhā Symphonies (1934-35), ke hoʻomau nei ka haku mele i ke ala hou, e hana ana i nā hana e ulu nui ai ke kumu kumu.

I ka pau ana o na makahiki 20. Ua kaulana nā palapala a Roussel ma waho. Ma 1930, kipa ʻo ia i ʻAmelika a aia ʻo ia ma ka hoʻokani ʻana i kāna Third Symphony e ka Boston Symphony Orchestra ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a S. Koussevitzky, nona ke kauoha i kākau ʻia.

He mana nui ko Roussel ma ke ano he kumu. Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna he nui nā haku haku mele kaulana o ke kenekulia 1935: me nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo B. Martinou, K. Risager, P. Petridis. Mai 1937 a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola (XNUMX), ʻo Roussel ka luna o ka Popular Musical Federation o Farani.

I ka wehewehe ʻana i kāna mea kūpono, ua ʻōlelo ka mea haku mele: "ʻO ka moʻomeheu o nā waiwai ʻuhane ke kumu o kēlā me kēia kaiāulu e ʻōlelo nei he civili, a ma waena o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke mele ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a haʻahaʻa o kēia mau waiwai."

V. Ilyeva

Nā haku mele:

kahawai – Padmavati (opera-ballet, op. 1918; 1923, Paris), The Birth of the Lyre (lyric, La Naissance de la lyre, 1925, Paris), Testament of Aunt Caroline (Le Testament de la tante Caroline, 1936, Olmouc , ma Czech .lang.; 1937, Paris, ma Farani); baleta – Ka Ahaaina o ka Spider (Le festin de l'araignee. 1-act pantomime ballet; 1913, Paris), Bacchus and Ariadne (1931, Paris), Aeneas (me ka papa mele; 1935, Brussels); Spells (Evocations, for soloists, choir and orchestra, 1922); no ka hookani pila – 4 symphonies (Forest poem – La Poeme de la foret, programmatic, 1906; 1921, 1930, 1934), symphonic poems: Sunday (Resurrection, e like me L. Tolstoy, 1903) a me Spring Festival (Pour une fete de printemps, 1920). ), suite F-dur (Suite en Fa, 1926), Petite suite (1929), Flemish Rhapsody (Rapsodie flamande, 1936), symphoniette no ka string orchestra. (1934); nā haku mele no ka pūʻali koa; no ka mea kani a me ka orkestra – fp. concerto (1927), concertino no wlc. (1936); lumi hoʻokani pila – duet no bassoon me pālua bass (a i ole me vlc., 1925), trio – p. (1902), nā kaula (1937), no ka ʻohe, ka viola a me ka woofer. (1929), kaulahao. quartet (1932), divertissement no sextet (spiritual quintet and piano, 1906), sonatas for Skr. me fp. (1908, 1924), nā ʻāpana no ka piano, ʻokena, lira, kīkā, ʻohe a me ka clarinet me ka piano; poʻe mele aku; mele; mele no nā hana keaka keaka, me ka pāʻani a R. Rolland "Iulai 14" (me A. Honegger a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, 1936, Paris).

Nā hana moʻokalaleo: ʻIke i ke koho ʻana, (P., 1936); Nā noʻonoʻo no ke mele i kēia lā, в кн.: Bernard R., A. Roussel, P., 1948.

E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 (Unuhi Lūkini - Jourdan-Morhange E., He mea hoʻokani pila koʻu hoa, M., 1966); Schneerson G., Mele Palani o ka 1964th Century, Moscow, 1970, XNUMX.