Karl (Karoy) Goldmark (Karl Goldmark) |

Karl Goldmark

ʻO ke ola a me ka hana a Karoly Goldmark he paio mau no ka berena, he paio no ka ʻike, no kahi wahi o ke ola, aloha i ka nani, ka hanohano, ka hana akamai.

Hāʻawi ka Nature i ka mea haku mele me nā mana kūikawā: i nā kūlana paʻakikī, mahalo i ka hao hao, ua komo ʻo Goldmark i ka hoʻonaʻauao pilikino, e aʻo mau ana. ʻOiai i loko o ke ola mele nui loa o ka makahiki XNUMX, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i kona ʻano pilikino, kahi kala kūikawā e ʻālohilohi ana me nā kala hikina nani, kahi leo ʻino, kahi waiwai o nā mele e hoʻopiha i kāna hana āpau.

Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Goldmark iā ia iho. Ua aʻo wale nā ​​kumu iā ia i ka hoʻokani pila. ʻO ke akamai paʻakikī o ka counterpoint, ka ʻenehana i kūkulu ʻia o ka mea kani, a me nā kumu pono o ka mea kani hou, aʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho.

No ka ʻohana ʻilihune ʻo ia a hiki i ka 12 o kona mau makahiki ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke heluhelu a me ke kākau ʻana, a i kona hele ʻana mai e komo i kāna kumu mua, he mea hoʻokani pila, hāʻawi lākou i nā manawaleʻa iā ia, me ka manaʻo he kanaka noi. Ma ke ʻano he kanaka makua, ua oʻo ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi, ua lilo ʻo Goldmark i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻokani kaulana loa ma ʻEulopa.

I ka makahiki 14, ua neʻe ke keikikāne i Vienna, i kona kaikuaʻana ʻo Joseph Goldmark, ʻo ia ka haumāna kauka. Ma Vienna, ua hoʻomauʻo ia i ka hoʻokani pila, akā,ʻaʻole i manaʻo kona kaikunāne e puka mai ana ka mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi mai Goldmark, a koiʻo ia e komo ke keikikāne i ke kulaʻenehana. Hoʻolohe ke keikikāne, akā i ka manawa like, paʻakikī. I ke komo ʻana i ke kula, lawe ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka conservatory.

Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua koi ʻia ʻo Goldmark e hoʻopau i kāna mau haʻawina. Ua hoʻomaka ke kipi ma Vienna. ʻO Josef Goldmark, ʻo ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi o nā ʻōpio kipi, pono e holo - ke ʻimi nei nā gendarmes imperial iā ia. Hele kekahi haumāna conservatory ʻōpio, ʻo Karoly Goldmark i Sopron a komo i nā kaua ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kipi Hungarian. I ʻOkakopa i ka makahiki 1849, ua lilo ka mea hoʻokani pila i mea hoʻokani pila o ka hui ʻo Sopron Theatre Company o Cottown.

I ke kauwela o 1850, ua loaʻa iā Goldmark kahi kono e hele mai i Buda. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia e hoʻokani ana i kahi hoʻokani pila ma nā wahi a me ka hale keaka o ka Buda Castle. ʻO kāna mau hoa hana he hui maʻamau, akā naʻe, pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia iā lākou. Hoʻolauna lākou iā ia i ka mele opera o ia au - i ke mele a Donizetti, Rossini, Verdi, Meyerbeer, Aubert. Ua hoʻolimalima ʻo Goldmark i kahi piano a hoʻokō hope i kāna moeʻuhane kahiko: aʻo ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani piano, a me ka kūleʻa kupaianaha i hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā haʻawina iā ia iho a hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pianist ma nā pōlele.

I Feberuari 1852, loaʻa iā mākou ʻo Goldmark ma Vienna, kahi āna e hoʻokani ai ma kahi hoʻokani pila. ʻO kāna "hoa" pono - pono - ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele iā ia ma ʻaneʻi.

He 30 paha kona mau makahiki i ka wā i hana ai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he haku mele.

I nā makahiki 60, ua kākau mua ka nūpepa mele alakaʻi, ʻo ka Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, e pili ana iā Goldmark ma ke ʻano he haku mele koʻikoʻi. Ma hope o ka holomua, ua ʻoi aku ka mālamalama, nā lā mālama ʻole. ʻO kāna pōʻai o nā hoaaloha ka mea hoʻokani piano kaulana ʻo Anton Rubinstein, ka mea haku mele ʻo Cornelius, ka mea kākau o The Barber of Baghdad, akā ma luna o nā mea āpau, ʻo Franz Liszt, ka mea, me ka hilinaʻi ʻole, ua ʻike i kahi talena nui ma Goldmark. I loko o kēia manawa, ua kākau ʻo ia i nā hana i lanakila ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa: "Hymn of Spring" (no solo viola, choir and orchestra), "Country Wedding" (symphony for large orchestra) a me ka overture "Sakuntala" i haku ʻia ma Mei 1865.

ʻOiai ʻo "Sakuntala" e ʻohi ana i ka lanakila nui, ua hoʻomaka ka haku mele e hana i ka helu o "The Queen of Sheba".

Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana koʻikoʻi, ua mākaukau ka opera. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo maoli ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka ulu ʻana o ka kaulana o ka mea nāna i hana "Sakuntala". Ma lalo o nā kumu kumu ʻole, ua hōʻole pinepine ʻia ka opera. A ʻo Goldmark, hoka, hoʻi hope. Ua hūnā ʻo ia i ka helu o ka Mōʻīwahine o Seba i loko o kahi pahu pahu ma kāna pākaukau.

Ma hope mai, hele mai ʻo Liszt e kōkua iā ia, a ma kekahi o kāna mau ʻahamele ua hana ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi mai The Queen of Sheba.

"ʻO ka huakaʻi," i kākau ai ka mea kākau iā ia iho, "he lanakila nui a ʻino. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi mai ʻo Franz Liszt iaʻu no ka lohe ʻana o nā mea a pau… "

I kēia manawa naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻōki ka hui i kāna hakakā ʻana me Goldmark. ʻO Hanslick ka haku mele kaulana ma Vienna, e pili ana i ka opera me hoʻokahi hahau o ka peni: "ʻAʻole kūpono ka hana no ke kahua. ʻO ka huakaʻi wale nō ke kani mau nei. A ua hoʻopau koke ʻia. ”…

Ua hana nui ʻo Franz Liszt i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā alakaʻi o ka Vienna Opera. ʻO ka hope loa, ma hope o ka hakakā lōʻihi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Mōʻīwahine o Sheba ma Malaki 10, 1875 ma ke kahua o ka ʻOpera ʻO Vienna.

I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokani ʻia ka opera ma ka Hungarian National Theatre, kahi i alakaʻi ʻia e Sandor Erkel.

Ma hope o ka lanakila ma Vienna a me Pest, ua komo ka Mō'īwahine o Sheba i ka repertoire o nā hale opera ma ʻEulopa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka inoa o Goldmark me nā inoa o nā haku mele mele nui.

Balasa, Gal