Gaspare Spontini (Gaspare Spontini) |

Gaspare Spontini

Spontini. “Vestal”. “O ka helu helu” (Maria Callas)

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Gaspare Spontini ma Maiolati, Ancona. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory ma Naples. Aia ma waena o kāna mau kumu ʻo N. Piccinni. I ka makahiki 1796, ua hana ʻia ka hana mua o ka opera mua a ka mea haku mele, ʻo The Caprices of a Woman, ma Roma. Ma hope mai, ua hana ʻo Spontini ma kahi o 20 mau keaka. Ua noho ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona ola ma Farani (1803-1820 a ma hope o 1842) a me Kelemānia (1820-1842).

I ka wā Farani (nui) o kona ola a me kāna hana, ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna mau hana nui: nā opera Vestalka (1807), Fernand Cortes (1809) a me Olympia (1819). ʻO ke ʻano o ka haku mele i ʻike ʻia e ka pomposity, pathos a me ka unahi, i kūlike me ka ʻuhane o Napoleonic Farani, kahi i hauʻoli nui ai (ʻo ia nō ka haku mele o ka Empress no kekahi manawa). Hōʻike ʻia ka hana a Spontini e nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā kuʻuna a Gluck o ke kenekulia 18 a i ka "nui" Farani opera o ke kenekulia 19 (ma ke kanaka o kāna mau ʻelele maikaʻi loa ʻo Aubert, Meyerbeer). Ua mahalo ʻia ke kiʻi a Spontini e Wagner, Berlioz a me nā mea pena kiʻi nui ʻē aʻe o ke kenekulia 19.

Ma Vestal, kāna hana maikaʻi loa, ua hiki i ka mea haku mele ke hoʻokō i ka hōʻike nui ʻaʻole wale i nā hiʻohiʻona lehulehu i piha i nā huakaʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka heroism, akā i nā hiʻohiʻona lyrical puʻuwai pū kekahi. Ua lanakila 'o ia ma ke 'ano nui o Julia (a 'ole Julia). Ua hele koke ka nani o ka "Vestal" i nā palena o Farani. I ka makahiki 1811, ua hana ʻia ma Berlin. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua mālama ʻia ka premiere ma Naples ma ka ʻōlelo Italia me ka lanakila nui (e hoʻokani ʻia ʻo Isabella Colbran). I ka makahiki 1814, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻomaka mua o Rūsia ma St. Petersburg (ma ka hana nui, ʻo Elizaveta Sandunova). I ke kenekulia 20, ʻo Rosa Poncelle (1925, Metropolitan), ʻo Maria Callas (1957, La Scala), ʻo Leila Gencher (1969, Palermo) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻomālamalama i ke kuleana o Julia. ʻO nā arias a Yulia mai ka hana 2 no nā haku mele o nā mele opera "Tu che invoco" a me "O Nume tutelar" (ʻōlelo Italia).

I ka makahiki 1820-1842 ua noho ʻo Spontini ma Berlin, kahi i haku mele ai ka hale hoʻokolokolo a me ke alakaʻi nui o ka Royal Opera. I loko o kēia manawa, ua emi ka hana a ka haku mele. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i kekahi mea e like me kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa o ka wā Farani.

E. Tsoodokov

Gaspape Luigi Pacifico Spontini (XI 14, 1774, Maiolati-Spontini, Prov. Ancona – 24 I 1851, ibid) – haku mele Italia. He lālā o ka Prussian (1833) a me Parisian (1839) academies of arts. Mai ka poe mahiai mai. Ua loaʻa iā ia kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele mua ma Jesi, aʻo pū me nā mea hoʻokani ʻo J. Menghini a me V. Chuffalotti. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory ma Naples me N. Sala lāua ʻo J. Tritto; ma hope mai, no kekahi manawa, lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina mai N. Piccinni.

Ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hoʻomaka ma 1796 me ka mele mele ʻo The Caprices of a Woman (Li puntigli delle donne, Pallacorda Theatre, Roma). Ua hana ʻo ia i nā opera he nui (buffa a me seria) no Roma, Naples, Florence, Venice. Ke alakaʻi nei i ka hale pule o ka ʻaha Neapolitan, ma 1798-99 aia ʻo ia ma Palermo. Ma ka pili ʻana i ka hoʻokani ʻana i kāna mau keaka, ua kipa aku ʻo ia i nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe ma Italia.

I ka makahiki 1803-20 ua noho ʻo ia ma Palika. Mai 1805 ʻo ia ka "mea haku hale o ka Empress", mai 1810 ka luna o ka "Theatre of the Empress", ma hope - ka haku mele ʻaha o Louis XVIII (i hāʻawi ʻia i ka Order of the Legion of Honor). Ma Palika, ua hana a hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā keaka he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo The Vestal Virgin (1805; Best Opera of the Decade Award, 1810), kahi i ʻike ai lākou i ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano Empire ma ke kahua opera. ʻO nā mea hoʻokani pila a Spontini i pili i ka ʻuhane o ke aupuni Farani. Mai ka makahiki 1820, ua haku ʻo ia i ka ʻaha mele a me ka luna mele nui ma Berlin, kahi āna i hoʻokani ai i kekahi mau keaka hou.

I ka makahiki 1842, ma muli o ka hakakā me ka lehulehu opera (ʻaʻole maopopo ʻo Spontini i ke ʻano hou o ke aupuni ma ka opera German, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hana a KM Weber), ua haʻalele ʻo Spontini i Paris. I ka pau ʻana o kona ola ʻana, hoʻi ʻo ia i kona ʻāina hānau. ʻO nā palapala a Spontini, i hana ʻia ma hope o kona noho ʻana ma Palika, ua hōʻike ʻia i kahi nāwaliwali o kāna manaʻo hoʻomohala: ʻōlelo hou ʻo ia iā ia iho, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā manaʻo kumu. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka opera "Bestalka", ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale i ke ala no ka opera nui Farani o ke kenekulia 19, he waiwai mōʻaukala. He mana nui ko Spontini i ka hana a J. Meyerbeer.

Nā haku mele:

kahawai (ma kahi o 20 mau helu i mālama ʻia), incl. ʻIke ʻia e Theseus (1898, Florence), Julia, a i ʻole ka Pua Pua (1805, Opera Comic, Paris), Vestal (1805, post. 1807, Imperial Academy of Music, Berlin), Fernand Cortes, or the Conquest of Mexico ( 1809 , ibid; 2nd ed. 1817), Olympia (1819, Court Opera House, Berlin; 2nd ed. 1821, ibid.), Alcidor (1825, ibid.), Agnes von Hohenstaufen (1829, ibid. ); cantatas, lehulehu a oi

TH Solovieva