Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser |
ʻO Alexander Goldenweiser
He kumu koʻikoʻi, mea hoʻokani akamai, haku mele, mea hoʻoponopono mele, mea hoʻohewa, mea kākau, kiʻi lehulehu - ua lanakila ʻo Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser i kēia mau ʻano a pau no nā makahiki he nui. He ʻimi mau ʻo ia i ka ʻike. Pili kēia i nā mele ponoʻī, kahi i ʻike ʻole ai kāna naʻauao i nā palena, pili pū kēia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka hana noʻeau, pili kēia i ke ola ponoʻī i kāna mau hōʻike like ʻole. ʻO ka make wai i ka ʻike, ka laulā o nā mea hoihoi i lawe iā ia i Yasnaya Polyana e ʻike iā Leo Tolstoy, ua hoʻokau iā ia e hahai i nā moʻolelo moʻokalaleo a me ke keaka me ka hoihoi like, nā piʻi a me nā haʻahaʻa o nā pāʻani no ka lei aliʻi chess honua. "ʻO Alexander Borisovich," i kākau ai ʻo S. Feinberg, "makemake mau i nā mea hou i ke ola, palapala a me nā mele. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai he malihini i ka snobbery, ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana i ka wahi e pili ana, ʻike ʻo ia i ka loaʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ka loli wikiwiki o nā ʻano hana a me nā leʻaleʻa, nā waiwai mau - nā mea nui a pono. A ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia i kēlā mau lā i ka piha ʻana o Goldenweiser i 85 mau makahiki!
ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokumu o ke kula Soviet o ka piano. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo Goldenweiser i ka pilina hua o nā manawa, e hāʻawi ana i nā hanauna hou i nā ʻōlelo a kona mau hoa a me nā kumu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua hoʻomaka kona ala i ke kiʻi i ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala. I loko o nā makahiki, pono ʻo ia e hui me nā mea hoʻokani mele, haku mele, mea kākau, i loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i kāna hoʻomohala ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā ʻōlelo a Goldenweiser ponoʻī, ma aneʻi hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kī nui, nā manawa hoʻoholo.
ʻO ka wā kamaliʻi… "ʻO kaʻu mau mele mele mua," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Goldenweiser, "Ua loaʻa iaʻu mai koʻu makuahine. ʻAʻohe kālena mele koʻikoʻi koʻu makuahine; i kona wā kamaliʻi, lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina piano ma Moscow no kekahi manawa mai ka Garras kaulana. Ua hīmeni iki ʻo ia. He maikaʻi kona ʻono mele. Ua hoʻokani a hīmeni ʻo ia iā Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn. ʻAʻole pinepine ʻo Papa ma ka home i nā ahiahi, a ʻo ka hoʻokahi wale nō, hoʻokani mele ʻo makuahine no nā ahiahi holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻolohe pinepine mākou nā keiki iā ia, a i ka wā e moe ai, ua maʻa mākou i ka hiamoe i ke kani o kāna mele.
Ma hope mai, ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Moscow Conservatory, kahi āna i puka ai i ka makahiki 1895 ma ke ʻano he piano a ma 1897 ma ke ʻano he haku mele. ʻO AI Siloti lāua ʻo PA Pabst kāna kumu piano. ʻOiai ʻo ia he haumāna (1896) ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna ʻaha mele mua ma Moscow. Ua akamai ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka haku mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a MM Ippolitov-Ivanov, AS Arensky, SI Taneyev. ʻO kēlā me kēia o kēia mau kumu kaulana i hoʻokahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi i hoʻonui i ka ʻike noʻeau o Goldenweiser, akā ʻo kāna aʻo ʻana me Taneyev a ma hope o ka launa pū ʻana me ia ka mea nui loa i ke kanaka ʻōpio.
ʻO kekahi hālāwai nui ʻē aʻe: "I Ianuali 1896, ua lawe mai iaʻu i kahi pōpilikia hauʻoli i ka hale o Leo Tolstoy. Ua lilo au i kanaka pili loa iā ia a hiki i kona make ʻana. Ua nui ka mana o keia pili ana i ko'u ola a pau. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, ua hōʻike mua ʻo LN iaʻu i ka hana nui o ka lawe ʻana i nā kiʻi mele a kokoke i ka lehulehu ākea o ka poʻe. (E pili ana i kāna kamaʻilio ʻana me ka mea kākau nui, e kākau ʻo ia i ʻelua puke puke "Near Tolstoy" ma hope loa.) ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kāna mau hana hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani mele, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Goldenweiser, ʻoiai i nā makahiki ma mua o ke kipi. mea hoʻonaʻauao hoʻokani pila, e huki ana i nā pōʻai democratic o ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ke mele. Hoʻonohonohoʻo ia i nā'ahamele no ka poʻe e hana ana, e'ōlelo ana ma ka hale o ka Russian Sobriety Society, ma Yasnaya Polyana, mālamaʻo ia i nā'ahamele mua-'ōlelo no ka poʻe mahiʻai, a aʻo ma ka Moscow People's Conservatory.
Ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia kēia ʻaoʻao o ka hana a Goldenweiser i nā makahiki mua ma hope o ʻOkakopa, i ka wā i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i ka Musical Council no kekahi mau makahiki, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o AV Lunacharsky: ” Keʻena. Ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻoihana e hoʻonohonoho i nā haʻiʻōlelo, nā ʻahamele, a me nā hana hoʻokani e lawelawe i ka lehulehu ākea. Hele au i laila a hāʻawi i kaʻu lawelawe. Ua ulu mālie ka ʻoihana. Ma hope mai, ua hele mai kēia hui ma lalo o ka mana o ka ʻaha kūkā o Moscow a ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka Moscow Department of Public Education (MONO) a noho a hiki i 1917. Ua hoʻokumu mākou i nā keʻena: mele (concert and educational), theatrical, lecture. Ua alakaʻi au i ke keʻena ʻaha mele, kahi i komo ai kekahi mau mea hoʻokani pila. Ua hoʻonohonoho mākou i nā hui ʻaha mele. Ua komo ʻo N. Obukhova, V. Barsova, N. Raisky, B. Sibor, M, Blumenthal-Tamarina a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i koʻu pūʻali koa ... Ua lawelawe kā mākou mau pūʻali koa i nā hale hana, nā hale hana, nā pūʻali koa ʻulaʻula, nā kula hoʻonaʻauao, nā hui. Hele mākou i nā wahi mamao loa o Moscow i ka hoʻoilo ma nā kaʻa, a i ka wā mahana ma nā papa maloʻo; hana ʻia i kekahi manawa ma nā keʻena anuanu a me ka wela ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ua hāʻawi kēia hana i nā poʻe a pau i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka pono. ʻO ka poʻe hoʻolohe (ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka hana i hoʻokō ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana) i pane ʻia i nā hana i hana ʻia; i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻahamele, nīnau lākou i nā nīnau, hāʻawi i nā memo he nui ... "
Ua hoʻomau ka hana aʻoaʻo a ka mea piano ma mua o ka hapalua haneli. ʻOiai ʻo ia he haumāna, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo ma ka Moscow Orphan's Institute, a laila he polopeka ma ka conservatory ma ka Moscow Philharmonic Society. Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1906, ua hoʻopili ʻo Goldenweiser i kona hopena mau loa me ka Moscow Conservatory. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia i aʻo ai ma mua o 200 mau mea hoʻokani pila. Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā inoa o kāna mau haumāna - S. Feinberg, G. Ginzburg. R. Tamarkina, T. Nikolaeva, D. Bashkirov, L. Berman, D. Blagoy, L. Sosina… E like me kā S. Feinberg i kākau ai, “Ua mālama ʻo Goldenweiser i kāna mau haumāna me ke aloha a me ka nānā pono. Ua ʻike mua ʻo ia i ka hopena o kahi talena ʻōpio ʻaʻole ikaika. ʻEhia mau manawa mākou i manaʻoʻiʻo ai i kāna pololei, ʻoiai ʻo ia i kona wā ʻōpiopio, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hana hoʻomohala, ua kuhi ʻo ia i kahi talena nui ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ke ʻano, hele nā haumāna a Goldenweiser i ke ala holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoihana - mai ka wā kamaliʻi a i ke kula puka. No laila, ʻo ia ka hopena o G. Ginzburg.
Inā mākou e hoʻopaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano kumu i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o kahi kumu koʻikoʻi, a laila pono e haʻi i nā ʻōlelo a D. Blagoy: "ʻAʻole ʻo Goldenweiser ponoʻī i manaʻo iā ia iho he kumu hoʻokani piano, me ke kapa haʻahaʻa iā ia iho he kumu hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka pololei a me ka pōkole o kāna mau ʻōlelo, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma ka hiki iā ia ke huki i ka manaʻo o nā haumāna i ka manawa nui, hoʻoholo i ka hana a i ka manawa like e ʻike i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi loa o ka haku mele. me ka pololei ʻokoʻa, e mahalo i ke koʻikoʻi o kēlā me kēia kikoʻī no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mea holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa, ʻo nā ʻōlelo āpau a Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser i alakaʻi ʻia i nā kumu nui a hohonu. Nui nā mea mele ʻē aʻe i hala i ke kula maikaʻi loa ma ka papa o Goldenweiser, ma waena o lākou nā haku mele ʻo S. Evseev, D. Kabalevsky. ʻO V. Nechaev, V. Fere, ka mea hoʻokani pila L. Roizman.
A i kēia manawa a pau, a hiki i ka waena o 50s, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻahamele. Aia nā ahiahi hoʻokahi, nā hana hoʻokani me ka symphony orchestra, a me nā mele ensemble me E. Izai, P. Casals, D. Oistrakh, S. Knushevitsky, D. Tsyganov, L. Kogan a me nā mea pena kaulana ʻē aʻe. E like me kekahi mea hoʻokani pila. He ʻano pianistic kumu ʻo Goldenweiser. "ʻAʻole mākou e ʻimi nei i ka mana kino, ka leʻaleʻa kino i kēia pāʻani," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo A. Alschwang, "akā, ʻike mākou i nā aka maalea i loko o ia mea, kahi ʻano ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mea kākau e hana ʻia, hana maikaʻi, kahi moʻomeheu maoli maoli - a ua lawa kēia i mea e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ai kekahi mau hana a ka haku no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole poina iā mākou kekahi mau wehewehe ʻana o Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann ma lalo o nā manamana lima o A. Goldenweiser. I kēia mau inoa hiki ke hoʻohui pono iā Bach a me D. Scarlatti, Chopin a me Tchaikovsky, Scriabin a me Rachmaninoff. Ua kākau ʻo S. Feinberg, "He mea ʻike maikaʻi loa i nā palapala mele kahiko a Rūsia a me Western," i kākau ʻia e S. Feinberg, "ua loaʻa iā ia kahi repertoire ākea loa… ʻO ka nui o ka mākaukau a me ka hana akamai o Alexander Borisovich hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia e kona akamai i nā ʻano piano like ʻole. palapala. Ua lanakila like ʻo ia ma ke ʻano filigree Mozart a me ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe o kā Scriabin.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, i ka wā e pili ana i ka Goldenweiser-performer, ʻo kekahi o ka mea mua ka inoa ʻo Mozart. ʻO kāna mele, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hele pū me ka mea hoʻokani piano no ka mea kokoke i kona ola hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa. Ma kekahi o nā loiloi o nā makahiki he 30, heluhelu mākou: "Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Goldenweiser's Mozart nona iho, me he mea lā i ke kanaka mua, ke ʻōlelo hohonu nei, me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hoihoi, me ka ʻole o nā ala wahaheʻe a me nā pop poses ... He maʻalahi nā mea āpau, kūlohelohe a ʻoiaʻiʻo ... Ma lalo o nā manamana lima. ʻO Goldenweiser ke ola i ka versatility a pau o Mozart - he kanaka a he mea hoʻokani pila - kona lā a me ke kaumaha, ka hoʻonāukiuki a me ka noʻonoʻo, ka wiwo ʻole a me ka lokomaikaʻi, ka wiwo ʻole a me ke aloha. Eia kekahi, ʻike ka poʻe loea i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mozart i ka wehewehe ʻana a Goldenweiser i ke mele a nā haku haku ʻē aʻe.
Ua noho mau nā hana a Chopin i wahi koʻikoʻi ma nā papahana a ka mea piano. "Me ka ʻono nui a me ke ʻano nani o ke ʻano," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo A. Nikolaev, "hiki iā Goldenweiser ke hoʻopuka i ka nani o nā mele mele a Chopin, ke ʻano polyphonic o kāna lole mele. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka piano ʻo Goldenweiser he pedalization haʻahaʻa loa, kahi ʻano kiʻi o nā contours maʻemaʻe o ke ʻano mele, e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka laina melodic. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea i kāna hana i kahi ʻono ʻokoʻa, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā loulou ma waena o ke ʻano o Chopin a me ka piano a Mozart.
ʻO nā mea haku mele a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia, a me lākou ʻo Haydn, Liszt, Glinka, Borodin, ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e Goldenweiser, ka mea hoʻoponopono mele. Nui nā hana kahiko, me nā sonata o Mozart, Beethoven, ka piano Schumann holoʻokoʻa i hele mai i nā mea hoʻokani i kēia lā ma ka paʻi hoʻohālike o Goldenweiser.
ʻO ka hope, pono e haʻi ʻia nā hana a Goldenweiser ka haku mele. Ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau opera ("He ʻahaʻaina i ka manawa o ka maʻi maʻi", "Singers" a me "Spring Waters"), nā mea hoʻokani pila, keena-mea kani a me nā ʻāpana piano, a me nā mele.
… No laila ua lōʻihi kona ola, piha i ka hana. A ʻaʻole ʻike i ka maluhia. "ʻO ka mea i hoʻolaʻa iā ia iho i ka ʻoihana," makemake ka mea piano e ʻōlelo hou, "pono e hoʻoikaika mau i mua. ʻO ka hele ʻole i mua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hele ʻana i hope. Ua hahai mau ʻo Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser i ka ʻāpana maikaʻi o kēia thesis o kāna.
Lit .: Goldenweiser AB ʻatikala, mea waiwai, memo / Comp. a me ed. DD Blagoy. – M., 1969; Ma ke ʻano mele. Sat. 'atikala, - M., 1975.
Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.
Nā haku mele:
kahawai - He ʻahaʻaina i ka wā o ke ahulau (1942), ʻO nā mea hīmeni (1942-43), Wai puna (1946-47); cantata – Malamalama o ʻOkakopa (1948); no ka hookani pila - overture (ma hope o Dante, 1895-97), 2 mau hui Lūkini (1946); keena hana mea kani – string quartet (1896; 2nd edition 1940), trio i hoʻomanaʻo iā SV Rachmaninov (1953); no ka violin a me ka piano — Poem (1962); no ka piano - 14 mau mele kipi (1932), Contrapuntal sketches (2 puke, 1932), Polyphonic sonata (1954), Sonata fantasy (1959), etc., nā mele a me nā mele.
