Mele hula |

Mele hula – ma ke ano nui o ke mele. he ʻano o ke ʻano o ka choreography, nā mele e hele pū me nā hula (ke keʻena hula, ka hana, ke kahua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a me kahi ʻano muses i loaʻa mai ia mea. nā huahana ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia no ka hula a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hana kūʻokoʻa. waiwai; ma ka haiki, e hoohana hou aku. manaʻo - mele māmā e hele pū me nā hula hale kaulana. ʻO ka hana hoʻonohonoho o T. m. hoʻoholo i kāna ext maʻamau. nā hōʻailona: kūlana mana metrorhythmic. ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano rhythmic. nā hiʻohiʻona, ka mālamalama o nā ʻano cadence; ʻo ke kuleana nui o ka metrorhythmics e hoʻoholo i ka predominance ma T. m. instr. nā genres (ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e kāpae i ke mele). Mai nā lālā mele a pau. ke akamai o T. m. a pili pono ke mele i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā a ua hoʻoikaika ʻia e ke ʻano. No laila, i loko o ka maʻiʻo figurative o T. m., ua refracted nā kūlana o ka ʻono a me ka nani. nā loina o kēlā me kēia au; ma ka olelo a T. m., ua hoikeia ka helehelena o na kanaka o ka manawa a me ke ano o ka lakou hana: he pavane kaohi a hookiekie, he polonaise haaheo, he wiliwili ole, etc.

Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe noiʻi ʻo ke mele, ka hula a me kā lākou leo ​​kani (ma ke kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻo TM ponoʻī) i ka wā mua a no ka manawa lōʻihi i syncretic. palapala ma ke ano he koi hookahi. Hoʻokumu i nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia pra-mele me nā mea pili. ʻoiaʻiʻo i kūkulu hou ʻia istorich. linguistics e pili ana i ka "archeology" o nā ʻōlelo (no ka laʻana, he leo maopopo o kēlā au mamao - ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hula a me ke mele ma ka huaʻōlelo like ma ka ʻōlelo a ka ʻohana India o Botokuds; "mele" a "pāʻani me lima" ʻo ia nā huaʻōlelo like ma ʻAigupita kahiko. lang.), a me ka ethnography, e aʻo ana i nā lāhui, ka moʻomeheu i noho ma ka pae primitive. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ka hula a me T. m. he puolo. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka rhythm he kūlohelohe, biological. kumu (hanu, puʻuwai puʻuwai), hoʻoikaika ia i nā kaʻina hana (no ka laʻana, nā neʻe hou i ka wā ʻaʻahu, etc.). ʻO ka leo kani i hana ʻia e nā neʻe like ʻole o nā kānaka (e laʻa, hehi ʻia) ʻo ia ke kumu kumu o T. m. Ua kōkua ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā neʻe ʻana e ka rhythmic. nā leo - ka uwa, ka hoʻōho, nā hana monotonous hōʻoluʻolu i ka naʻau a hoʻomohala mālie i ke mele. No laila, ʻo ka T. m. leo, a me ka mua a me ka mea pono muses. Nā mea kani - ka maʻalahi o ke kani. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ke ola o ka poʻe aborigines o Australia i kā lākou T. m., ma ke ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe, ua aneane chaotic, wehewehe ʻia, kū kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona rhythmic i loko. nā kumu hoʻohālike e lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no ka improvisation, a ʻo lākou iho he rhythmic. Loaʻa nā kiʻi kiʻi i nā prototypes waho, no ka mea, pili lākou me ka figurativeness (no ka laʻana, hoʻohālike i ka lele kangaroo).

ʻO nā kumu waiwai a pau - nā moʻolelo, nā moʻolelo, nā kiʻi a me nā ʻikepili archeological e hōʻike ana i ka laha ākea o nā hula a me nā hula kuʻuna i nā manawa a pau, me nā ʻāina o ka Honua Kahiko. ʻAʻohe moʻolelo o nā mele kahiko. Eia naʻe, pili me ka hoʻomana o T. m. ʻO nā ʻāina o ka Hikina, ʻApelika, ʻAmelika, a e hānai mau ana i nā kuʻuna ola o hoʻokahi kaukani makahiki i hala (no ka laʻana, ʻo ke kula kahiko loa o ka hula kahiko o India ʻo Bharat Natyam, ka mea i hiki i kona kiʻekiʻe i ka 2nd millennium BC, i mālama ʻia. mahalo i ka Institute of Temple Dancers) a hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo o nā hula o nā wā kahiko. Ma kekahi hikina. no ka hui nui ka hula a me ke mele. a me ka noonoo. kuleana. Nui nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hula i loko o ka Baibala (e like me ka laʻana, ma nā kaʻao e pili ana iā King David, ʻo ia "he lele a he hula"). E like me ke mele, loaʻa pinepine ka hula i ka cosmogonic. ka wehewehe (no ka laʻana, e like me nā moʻolelo kahiko o India, ua hana ʻia ka honua e ke akua Shiva i ka wā o ka hulahula cosmic), ʻike hohonu hohonu (i India kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hula e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o nā mea). Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hula a me nā mele kuʻuna i nā manawa a pau ke kumu o ka naʻau a me ka eroticism; ʻO ke aloha kekahi o nā kumuhana o nā hula o nā lāhui a pau. Eia naʻe, ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka laʻana, ma India) ʻaʻole kūʻē kēia me nā loina kiʻekiʻe o ka hula. art-va, no ka mea, ʻo ke kumu o ke kino, e like me nā manaʻo philosophical e kū nei, he ʻano ia o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano ʻuhane. He hulahula ko Kauka Helene, kahi i ike ia ai ke kumu o ka hula ma ka hooikaika ana, ka hanohano o ke kanaka. Mai ka wā kahiko (no ka laʻana, ma waena o nā Aztecs a me Incas), ʻokoʻa ka poʻe a me ka ʻoihana - hale aliʻi (ceremonial, theatrical) a me ka luakini. No ka hana a T. m., nā mea hoʻokani pila o kahi prof kiʻekiʻe. ua koi ʻia. pae (ua hānai pinepine ʻia lākou mai ka wā kamaliʻi, loaʻa i kahi ʻoihana ma ka hoʻoilina). No ka laʻana, ma ind. kula kahiko. ʻO ka hula kathak, ke alakaʻi maoli nei ka mea hoʻokani i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hula, e hoʻololi ana i kona ʻano a me kona ʻano; Hoʻoholo ʻia ke akamai o ka hula ma muli o kona hiki ke hahai pololei i ke mele.

I ke au waena. Ma ʻEulopa, a me Rusia, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka pono Karistiano i ka hula a me T. m.; Ua ʻike ka hoʻomana Karistiano i loko o lākou i ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao kumu o ke ʻano kanaka, "ka hoʻomana daimonio." Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i luku ʻia ka hula: ʻoiai nā pāpā, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia e noho i waena o nā kānaka a me nā aliʻi. nā pōʻai. ʻO ka manawa momona no kona wā nui, ʻo ia ka Renaissance; humanistic ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka Renaissance, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka ʻike ākea o ka hula.

ʻO nā moʻolelo ola mua o T. m. no ka hopena o ka Middle Ages (13th century). Ma keʻano he kūlana, he monophonic lākou,ʻoiai ma waena o nā mea kākau moʻolelo mele (X. Riemann a me nā mea'ē aʻe) aia kekahi manaʻo i ka hana maoli i nā mele i iho mai iā mākou i lawelawe wale i keʻano o ka cantus firmus, ma ke kumu o ka ua hoʻoponopono ʻia nā leo hele pū. Nā hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa polygoal mua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo T. m. a hiki i nā kenekulia 15-16. ʻO nā hula i ʻae ʻia i kēlā manawa, i kapa ʻia ʻo choreae (Latin, mai ka Helene xoreiai - hula puni), saltationes conviviales (Latin - ʻahaʻaina, hula papaʻaina), Gesellschaftstänze (German - nā hula kaiaulu), ballroom-hula, ballo , baile (English. , Italia, Paniolo – hula hula), danses du salon (Palani – hula salon). ʻO ka puka ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana (a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia 20) o ka mea kaulana loa o lākou ma ʻEulopa e hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e kēia mau mea. papaʻaina:

Ua pili loa ka moolelo o tm me ka hooulu ana i na mea paahana. Me ka hula ka puka ana o otd. mea paahana a me instr. nā hui. ʻAʻole ia he pōʻino, no ka laʻana. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka lute repertoire i iho mai iā mākou he hula. pāʻani. No ka hana a T. m. hana kūikawā. ensembles, i kekahi manawa hoʻoikaika loa. nui: other-egypt. he orkestra i hele i kekahi mau hula. hui, helu ʻia a hiki i 150 mau mea hoʻokani (ua kūlike kēia me ka monumentality o ka hana ʻAigupita), ma ka hula Dr. Roma. Ua hui pū ʻia ka pantomime me kahi orkestra o ka nui nui (no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pomposity kūikawā i loaʻa i ka hana o nā Roma). I nā mea kani kahiko, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea kani a pau—ka makani, ke kaula, a me ke kani. ʻO ka makemake i ka ʻaoʻao timbre, ke ʻano o ka Hikina. mele, i ola i nā ʻano mea kani he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui percussion. Hana ʻia mai nā mea percussion like ʻole i hui pinepine ʻia i kūʻokoʻa. nā orkestra me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā mea kani ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, gamelan Indonesian). No ka hookani pila. ʻO nā mea kani, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻApelika, me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pitch paʻa paʻa, ʻo ka polyrhythm ke ʻano. Ua haʻi aku ʻo T. m. ʻokoʻa rhythmic. inventiveness and brilliance - timbre and fret. ʻOkoʻa loa ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano (pentatonic i nā mele Kina, nā ʻano kūikawā i nā mele India, etc.) Afr. a me ka hikina. Ua haʻi aku ʻo T. m. hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka melodic, pinepine i ka microtone ornamentation, i hana pinepine ʻia, a me ka rhythmic. nā hiʻohiʻona. Ma ka monophony a me ka improvisation e pili ana i nā kuʻuna. nā hiʻohiʻona (a no laila i ka loaʻa ʻole o kēlā me kēia mea kākau) he ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka hikina. Ua haʻi aku ʻo T. m. mai ka mea i ulu nui ma hope o ke Komohana - polyphonic a, ma ke kumu, paʻa. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo T. m. hoʻohana koke i nā hoʻokō hou loa ma ke kahua o ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana (no ka laʻana, nā mea hana mana), hoʻonui uila. ʻenehana. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka kikoʻī ponoʻī. instr. kani pololei. hopena i ke mele. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hula a i kekahi manawa e hui pū ʻia me kāna hōʻike (he paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka waltz Viennese me ka ʻole o ke kani o nā kaula, ka foxtrot o nā makahiki 20 me ke kani ʻole o ka clarinet a me ka saxophone, a ʻo nā hula hou loa ma waho o ka ikaika. pae a hiki i ka paepae ʻeha).

Polygonal T. m homophonic inherently. Harmonic. ka launa pū ʻana o nā leo, metric hoʻoikaika ʻia. periodicity, kōkua i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā neʻe i ka hula. ʻO Polyphony, me kona wai, ka blurring o nā cadences, metric. ʻAʻole pili ka fuzziness i ke kumu hoʻonohonoho o T. m He mea maʻamau ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka homophony ʻEulopa, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i nā hula (i nā kenekulia 15-16. a ma mua o T. m hui nui. nā ʻano homophonic). ʻO ka mele i hoʻopuka ʻia ma T. m i mua, e launa pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā mea mele. ʻōlelo, i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kāna mau haku mele. hiʻona. No laila, ka hana hou ʻana i ka rhythmic. Hoʻoholo nā kiʻi i ka māhele ʻana o nā mele i nā motif o ka lōʻihi like. ʻO ka māmā o ka hoʻolālā kumu e hoʻoulu i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lokahi (kona hoʻololi mau). Hoʻoikaika a lokahi. ʻo ka like ʻole e kuhikuhi i ka moʻoʻōlelo o ke mele. forms, based on a swarm, as a rule, squareness. (Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia ka periodicity - i ke mele, melody, harmoni, form - ke kūkulu ʻia nei e ka ʻEulopa. ʻike hau i ke kūlana o ke kānāwai kumu o T. m.) No ka mea i loko o nā ʻāpana o ke ʻano muses. ʻano like ka mea maʻamau (ua like kēlā me kēia ʻāpana me ka mea ma mua, hoʻonohonoho i ke kumuhana, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomohala a hoʻomohala paha ma ke ʻano palena ʻole). nā unahi), ʻokoʻa - ma ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana - ua hōʻike ʻia i ka ratio o nā ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa: lawe mai kēlā me kēia o lākou i kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia a i ʻole i hōʻike nāwaliwali ʻia i ka mua. ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana (akaka, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, kaha ʻia e nā cadences kikoʻī) pili pinepine i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi (manawa, maʻalahi 2-, 3-ʻāpana) a i ʻole, i nā laʻana mua, T. m., e hookokoke ana ia lakou. (Ua hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia aia i loko o nā hula nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o Europ. mele kahiko; aia ma T. m Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā kumuhana o nā kenekulia 15-16 ma ke ʻano like me ka manawa.) ʻO ka helu o nā ʻāpana ma nā ʻano o T. m hoʻoholo ʻia e ka pono hana, ʻo ia hoʻi e. lōʻihi o ka hula. No laila, hula pinepine. ʻO nā ʻano he "mau kaulahao" i loaʻa i ka theoretically unlimited. helu o nā loulou. ʻO ka pono like no ka lōʻihi lōʻihi e hoʻoikaika i ka hana hou ʻana i nā kumuhana. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo maoli ʻana o kēia kumumanaʻo kekahi o nā ʻano paʻa mua o ka europ. T. m - estampi, a i ʻole induction, nona nā kumuhana he nui, ʻikepili me ka hoʻololi hou ʻana: aa1, bb1, cc1, etc. etc. Me kekahi mau digressions (no ka laʻana, me ka hana hou ʻana o kahi kumuhana ʻaʻole koke, akā ma kahi mamao), ʻike ʻia ka manaʻo o ka "stringing" themes ma nā hula ʻē aʻe. nā ʻano o nā kenekulia 13-16, no ka laʻana. ma ia mau hula. lāʻau make nā mele like ronda (music. scheme: abaaabab), virele a i ʻole kāna ital. nā ʻano ballata (abbba), ballad (aabc), etc. Ma hope mai, lawe ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike o nā kumuhana e like me ke kumu o ka rondo (kahi i maʻamau no T. m loaʻa ka hana hou i ke ʻano o ka hoʻihoʻi maʻamau o DOS. theme) a i ʻole he ʻano ʻāpana 3 paʻakikī (alakaʻi, ʻike ʻia, mai T. m.), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻano hui pū paʻakikī. Kākoʻo ʻia ke kuʻuna o ka pōʻeleʻele nui e ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana i nā hula liʻiliʻi. pāʻani i nā pōʻai, pinepine me nā hoʻolauna a me nā codas. ʻO ka nui o nā hana hou i kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma T. m 'ano like 'ole i loko o nā mele 'oihana (no ka la'ana, passacaglia, chaconne) a me ka po'e ('o nā mele hula he mau mele pōkole i 'ōlelo pinepine 'ia me ka ho'ololi 'ana. "Kamarinskaya" na Glinka). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona i helu ʻia e mālama i ko lākou waiwai ma T. m a hiki i kēia lā. e hana ana ma T. m ʻO nā loli e pili ana i ka puʻupuʻu (i ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoi a me ka hopohopo), ʻo ka lōkahi (wikiwiki e lilo i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī) a me ke mele, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano (ka hoʻolālā, ʻano) he inertia ʻike ʻia: minuet a me ke keke hele me ka stylistic piha. ua kūpono nā heterogeneities i ke ʻano o kahi ʻano paʻakikī 3 ʻāpana. ʻO kekahi maʻamau T. m., e puka mai ana mai kona manao i hoohanaia, ua hoikeia e Ch. arr ma ke ano o. Ma ka 20 in. hoʻonuiʻia ka standardization ma lalo o ka mana o ka mea i kapaʻia. Mr. moʻomeheu lehulehu, kahi ʻāpana nui ʻo T. m ʻO ia ka mea o ka improvisation, i hoʻokomo hou ʻia i loko o T. m mai jazz a hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi iā ia i ka hou a me ka spontaneity, alakaʻi pinepine i ka hopena ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka Improvisation, i hana ʻia i ka hapanui o nā hihia ma ke kumu o nā ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i hōʻoia ʻia (a i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa, nā templates), ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e lilo i kahi koho, hoʻopiha piha ʻole i nā papahana i ʻae ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi. e. hoʻonanea mele. maʻiʻo. I ke kenekulia 20, me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka lehulehu media, ua ʻōlelo ʻo T. m lilo i ʻano mele laha loa a kaulana. isk-va. ʻO nā laʻana maikaʻi loa o kēia manawa. T. m., pili pinepine me ka moʻolelo kuʻuna, he kānalua ʻole a hiki iā ia ke hoʻohuli i nā muses "kiʻekiʻe". nā genres, i hōʻoia ʻia, no ka laʻana, e ka hoihoi o nā mea he nui. nā haku mele o ke kenekulia 20 i ka hula jazz (K. Debussy, M. Ravel, I. F. Stravinsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Ma T. m hōʻike i ka noʻonoʻo o nā kānaka, incl. h me ka manaʻo pilikanaka ʻokoʻa. No laila, ka hoʻohana pono ʻana. ʻO ka naʻau o ka hula e wehe i nā manawa ākea no ke kanu ʻana i T. m kaulana ma def. pōʻai zarub. ʻōpio o ka manaʻo o "kipi kū'ē i ka moʻomeheu".

T. m., e hana ana i ka mana nui ma dec. nā ʻano hula ʻole, i ka manawa like ua paʻakikī i kā lākou mau hana. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka "hulahula" ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano o T. m kū hoʻokahi. nāʻoihana. manaʻo, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā manaʻo. ʻano hula hula. nā neʻe ʻana i ke mele hula ʻole ma ka hoʻokani melodic-rhythmic. nā mea a i ʻole metrorhythm. nā hui ʻo T. m (pinepine ma waho o kahi ʻano like ʻole, no ka laʻana. code o ka hopena o ka symphony 5 a Beethoven). ʻO nā palena o nā manaʻo o ka hula hula a me T. m pili; t. Mr. nā hula kūpono (no ka laʻana, waltzes, mazurkas na F. Chopin) e hōʻike ana i kahi i hui ʻia kēia mau manaʻo, hele lākou i kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka solo. Ua loaʻa i ka ice ka suite o ke kenekulia 16 ka waiwai, kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka hoʻoholo no ʻEulopa ma hope aʻe. Prof. mele, ke kumu o ka lokahi me ka like ole (tempo and rhythmic. ʻokoʻa o nā pāʻani i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumuhana like: pavane – galliard). ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi kiʻi a me ka linguistic, ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano o ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa suite 17 - mua. 18 cc Mai ʻaneʻi komo ka hula hula i loko o nā ʻano koʻikoʻi hou, ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka sonata da camera. Ma G. P. ʻO wau a me Handel. C. ʻO ka hulahula o Bach ke aʻalolo koʻikoʻi o ka thematicism o nā mea he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano paʻakikī a me nā ʻano (e laʻa, ka f-moll prelude mai ka lua o ka leo o ka Well-Tempered Clavier, ka fugue mai ka a-moll sonata no ka violin solo. , ka hopena o ka Brandenburg Concertos, Gloria No 2 i ka nui o Bach ma h-moll). Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ka hulahula, ʻo ke kumu honua, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka mele o nā symphonists Viennese; He nani nā kumuhana hula (Sicilian na V. A. ʻO Mozart) a i ʻole ka poʻe maʻamau (na J. Haydn; L. ʻO Beethoven, no ka laʻana, ma ka 1st episode o ka rondo hope loa o ka sonata No. 21 "Aurora") - hiki ke lilo i kumu no kekahi ʻāpana o ka pōʻai (e laʻa, "ka apotheosis o ka hula" - ʻo Beethoven's 7th symphony). ʻO ke kikowaena o ka hulahula i ka symphony – ka minuet – ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke akamai o ka haku mele i nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka polyphony (Mozart's c-moll quintet, K.-V. 406, – ʻelua canon i ke kaapuni), ʻano paʻakikī (quartet Es-dur Mozart, K.-V. 428, - ka manawa mua me nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi hōʻike sonata; ʻO ka sonata A-dur a Haydn, i kākau ʻia ma 1773, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana mua, kahi o ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua he rake o ka 2st), metric. nā hui (quartet op. 54 No 1 o Haydn - he kumu mahele ʻelima mau pahu). Minuet hana keaka (symphony g-moll Mozart, K.-V. 550) manaʻo i kahi aloha aloha. poetry; Hauʻoli Lā Hānau. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma o ka minuet, wehe ka hula i kahi wahi hoʻohiki hou nona iho - ka scherzo. Ma ka 19 in. ulu ka hula ma lalo o ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ka romanticism. poeticization ma ke ano o ka miniature a me ka hana. nā ʻano nui. He ʻano hōʻailona mele. ʻO ka waltz ka makemake o ka romanticism (ʻoi aku ka laulā - waltz: 5-beat 2nd part of Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony). Ua laha nui mai F. ʻO Schubert ma ke ʻano he instr. liʻiliʻi, lilo ia i waiwai o ke aloha ("Ma waena o ka Noisy Ball" na Tchaikovsky) a me ka opera ("La Traviata" na Verdi), komo i loko o ka symphony.

ʻO ka hoihoi i ka waihoʻoluʻu kūloko i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka nat. nā hula (mazurka, polonaise - na Chopin, halling - na E. ʻO Grieg, huhū, polka - ma B. Kilika ʻawaʻawa). T. m ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea ola. nā kūlana no ka puka ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka nat. symphonism ("Kamarinskaya" na Glinka, "Slavic Dances" na Dvorak, a ma hope - hana. pueo haku mele, laʻana. "Symphonic Dances" na Rivilis). Ma ka 19 in. e hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano o nā mele e pili ana i ka hula, a hiki i ke aloha. hoʻohenehene ("ʻO ka violin enchants me kahi mele" mai Schumann's The Poet's Love cycle), grotesque (ka hopena o Berlioz's Fantastic Symphony), fantasy (Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream overture), etc. etc. Hauʻoli Lā Hānau. ʻaoʻao, hoʻohana pololei iā Nar. hulahula. Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​mele i nā mele, a me kāna ʻōlelo - democratic a hiki ke loaʻa me ka lokahi nui. a me ka polyphonic. paʻakikī ("Carmen" a me nā mele no ka pāʻani "Arlesian" na Bizet, "Polovtsian Dances" mai ka opera "Prince Igor" na Borodin, "Night on Bald Mountain" na Mussorgsky). hiʻona o ke kenekulia 19. ka hui pū ʻana o ka symphonic. ʻokoʻa ka hele ʻana o ke mele a me ka hula. ʻIke maopopo ʻia ka moʻomeheu o ka classicism Viennese ma Op. M. A ME. ʻO Glinka (no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ka huinahā o ka "Waltz-Fantasy", virtuoso contrapuntal. hui pū ʻia ma "Polonaise" a me "Krakowiak" mai ka opera "Ivan Susanin"), āna i hana maʻamau no ka Lūkini. hoʻohana nā haku mele i ka symphony. ʻenehana no ke mele ballet (P. A ME. ʻO Tchaikovsky A. TO. Glazunov). Ma ka 20 in. T. m a loaʻa i ka hulahula ka hoʻolaha ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻohana honua. Ma ke mele A. N. Kūʻē ʻo Scriabin no ka hulahula maʻemaʻe a maikaʻi loa, kahi i manaʻo ai ka mea haku mele e like me ka lele - he kiʻi e kū mau nei i nā hana o ka waena a me ka wā hope (nā ʻāpana nui o ka sonata 4 a me 5, ka hopena o ka symphony 3. Quasi valse op. 47 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe); hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻalahi e ka hulahula paʻakikī o K. Debussy (“Hulahula” no ka lira a me ke kaula. orkestra). Me nā mea ʻokoʻa loa (A. Webern) nā haku o ke kenekulia 20. Ua ʻike lākou i ka hula ma ke ʻano he mea e hōʻike ai i nā ʻano mokuʻāina a me nā manaʻo: he pōʻino kanaka hohonu (neʻe 2 o Rachmaninov's Symphonic Dances), he caricature weliweli (nā neʻe 2 a me 3 o Shostakovich's 8th symphony, he polka mai ka hana 3 o ka opera "Wozzeck" Berg), idyllic. ka honua o ka wā kamaliʻi (2nd part of Mahler's 3rd symphony), etc. Ma ka 20 in. lilo ka ballet i kekahi o nā ʻano mele mele. art-va, he nui na mea i ikeia o keia wa. Ua hana ʻia ke mele i loko o kona ʻano (I. F. Stravinsky, S. C. Prokofiev). ʻO ka poʻe a me ka home T. m he kumu hou o ka mele. ʻōlelo; ka piʻi nui o ka metrorhythm. hoʻomaka i ke mele o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO kēia hilinaʻi i ʻike ʻia i ka "ragtime" a me ka "Black Concerto" a Stravinsky, ka foxtrot nani o ka Teapot a me ka Cup mai ka opera "Child and Magic" na Ravel. E hōʻike ʻia ka noi no ka hula ʻōiwi. ʻO ke ala o nā mele hou e hāʻawi i nā ʻano kiʻi kiʻekiʻe. hopena (“Spanish Rhapsody” na Ravel, “Carmma burana” na Orff, pl. op B. Bartoka, "Gayane" ballet, etc. prod. A. A ME. Khachaturian; ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka paradox, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o nā mele Nar e hōʻoiaʻiʻo. Hulahula me ke ʻano o ka dodecaphony ma ke mele mele ʻekolu na K. Karaev, ma "Nā Kiʻi Eono" no ka piano. Babajanyana). ʻO ka mea maʻamau i ke kenekulia 20 ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā hula kahiko (gavotte, rigaudon, minuet na Prokofiev, pavane na Ravel) i lilo i stylistic. ka maʻamau o ka neoclassicism (Branle, Sarabande, Galliard ma Stravinsky's Agon, Sicilian ma Op.

E nānā pū i nā ʻatikala Ballet, Hula.

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TS Kyuregyan