Géza Anda |
ʻO Geza Anda
Ma mua o ke kū ʻana o Geza Anda i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka honua piano hou, ua hele ʻo ia ma kahi ala paʻakikī a kūʻē i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO ke kiʻi hoʻolālā o ka mea pena a me ke kaʻina hana a pau o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea hana kiʻi e ʻike nui ʻia no ka hanauna holoʻokoʻa o nā mea hoʻokani mele, me he mea lā e kālele ana i kāna mau pono kūpono ʻole a me kona mau nāwaliwali ʻano.
Ua ulu ʻo Anda i loko o ka ʻohana o nā mea hoʻokani pila, i ka makahiki 13 ua komo ʻo ia i ka Liszt Academy of Music ma Budapest, kahi i waena o kāna mau kumu ʻo E. Donany. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i kāna mau haʻawina me nā hana maʻamau: hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā haʻawina piano, loaʻa kona ola ma ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻokani pila, ʻoiai ma nā hale ʻaina a me nā hale hula. ʻEono mau makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana i lawe mai iā ʻoe ʻaʻole i kahi diploma wale nō, akā ʻo ka Listov Prize, i hāʻawi iā ia i ke kuleana e hoʻomaka i kāna hana mua ma Budapest. Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia, i ukali ʻia e kahi orkestra i alakaʻi ʻia e ka mea kaulana ʻo V. Mengelberg, ka Concerto ʻElua o Brahms. ʻO ka lanakila nui loa i loaʻa i kahi hui o nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana i alakaʻi ʻia e 3. Kodai kahi haʻawina no ka mea pena akamai, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i kāna mau haʻawina ma Berlin. A eia ʻo ia ka laki: ʻo ka hana a Franck's Symphonic Variations me nā Philharmonics kaulana i alakaʻi ʻia e Mengelberg i mahalo nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻohewa a me nā connoisseurs. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake ka lewa hoʻoluhi o ke kapikala fascist i ka mea pena, a ua loaʻa iā ia kahi palapala lapaʻau hoʻopunipuni, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia e haʻalele i Switzerland (manaʻo ʻia no ka mālama ʻana). Ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻopau ʻo Anda i kāna hoʻonaʻauao ʻana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Edwin Fischer a noho ʻo ia, ma hope, i ka makahiki 1954, a loaʻa iā ia ke kamaʻāina Swiss.
Nui nā huakaʻi i kaulana iā ʻoe ʻEulopa i ka hopena o nā makahiki 50; i ka makahiki 1955, ua hui aku ka lehulehu o kekahi mau kulanakauhale o US, i ka makahiki 1963 i hana mua ai oia ma Iapana. Hōʻike ʻia nā pae āpau o ka hana ma hope o ke kaua a ka mea pena i nā moʻolelo phonograph, e hiki ai i kekahi ke hoʻoponopono i kāna ʻano hoʻomohala. I kona wā ʻōpiopio, ua hoʻohuli nui ʻia ʻo Anda me kāna kālena "manual", a hiki i ka waena o nā makahiki he 50, ua loaʻa i kāna repertoire kahi hiʻona virtuoso ʻokoʻa. He liʻiliʻi o kāna mau hoa hana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa paʻakikī loa a Brahms ma ke kumumanaʻo o Paganini a i ʻole nā ʻāpana kupaianaha a Liszt me ka wiwo ʻole a me ka hilinaʻi. Akā, ua lilo ʻo Mozart i ke kikowaena o nā mea hoʻomohala o ka piano. Hoʻokani pinepine ʻo ia a hoʻopaʻa i nā concerto āpau a Mozart (me 5 mau mele mua loa), e loaʻa ana i nā makana honua he nui no kēia mau hoʻopaʻa leo.
E hoʻomaka ana mai ka waena o 50s, ma muli o ke ʻano o kāna kumu aʻoaʻo ʻo E. Fischer, hoʻokani pinepine ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pianist-conductor, e hana nui ana i nā concerto Mozart a loaʻa i nā hopena kiʻi nani i kēia. ʻO ka mea hope loa, no ka nui o nā concerto a Mozart, ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna mau cadenzas ponoʻī, e hui pū ana i ka organicity stylistic me ka virtuoso brilliance a me ke akamai.
Ma ka unuhi ʻana iā Mozart, hoʻāʻo mau ʻo Anda e hōʻike i ka poʻe e pili ana iā ia i ka hana a kēia haku mele - ka hoʻomaha o ke mele, ka māmā a me ka maʻemaʻe o ke ʻano piano, ka lokomaikaʻi hoʻomaha, ka manaʻo manaʻo maikaʻi. ʻO ka hōʻoia maikaʻi loa o kāna mau hoʻokō ma kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole ia nā loiloi maikaʻi o ka poʻe loiloi, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Clara Haskil - ka mea pena kiʻi maʻalahi a me ka poʻe mele - i koho iā ia i hoa no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka concerto pālua a Mozart. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ka haʻalulu o ka manaʻo ola, ka hohonu o nā manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa o nā haʻalulu a me nā kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻohewa wale ʻia no ka maikaʻi anuanu, ka wikiwiki kūpono ʻole o ka wikiwiki, nā ʻano o ka haʻi ʻōlelo, ka noʻonoʻo nui, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hūnā i ka nele o ka ʻike maoli.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻae nā moʻolelo Mozart a Anda e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o kāna hana kiʻi. ʻO nā disks hou loa o ka All Mozart Concertos series (me ka orchestra o ka Salzburg Mozarteum), i hoʻopau ʻia e ka mea pena ma ka paepae o kona lā hānau 50th, ua hōʻailona ʻia e kahi leo ʻeleʻele, nui, makemake no ka monumentality, hohonu hohonu, ʻo ia hoʻi. hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia e ke koho ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka wā ma mua, temp. ʻAʻole kēia i hāʻawi i kekahi kumu kūikawā e ʻike ai i nā hōʻailona o nā loli nui i ke ʻano pianistic o ka mea pena, akā ua hoʻomanaʻo wale ʻo ia iā ia e haʻalele i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana.
No laila, ua loaʻa iā Geza Anda ka inoa ma ke ʻano he pianist me kahi kiʻi hoʻomohala haʻahaʻa - ʻo ia hoʻi he "mea loea" ma Mozart. ʻO ia iho naʻe, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui i kēlā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo. "ʻAʻole kūpono ka huaʻōlelo "kauka"," i haʻi aku ai ʻo Anda i kahi mea kākau no ka makasina Slovak Good Life. - Ua hoʻomaka wau me Chopin a no nā mea he nui wau he loea ma Chopin. A laila hoʻokani wau iā Brahms a ua kapa koke ʻia au ʻo "Bramsian". No laila, he naʻaupō kekahi hōʻailona.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo ko kēia mau ʻōlelo. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mea pena kiʻi nui ʻo Geza Anda, he mea pena kiʻi oʻo i loaʻa i nā manawa a pau, i kēlā me kēia repertoire, he mea e ʻōlelo ai i ka lehulehu a ʻike i ka ʻōlelo ʻana. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaneʻane ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻokani i nā concerto piano ʻekolu a Bartók i hoʻokahi ahiahi. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻopaʻa leo maikaʻi loa o kēia mau concerto, a me Rhapsody no ka Piano a me ka Orchestra (Op. 1), i hana pū ʻia me ke alakaʻi ʻo F. Fritchi. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua huli nui ʻo Anda iā Beethoven (ka mea āna i pāʻani ʻole ai ma mua), iā Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Liszt. Ma waena o kāna mau hoʻopaʻa leo ʻelua ʻelua Brahms concerto (me Karajan), ʻo Grieg's concerto, Beethoven's Diabelli Waltz Variations, Fantasia in C major, Kreisleriana, Schumann's Davidsbündler Dances.
Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi, aia i loko o ka mele a Mozart i hōʻike ʻia ai nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o kāna pianism - ke aniani akaka, ka poni, ka ikaika - i hōʻike ʻia me ka piha loa. E ʻōlelo hou aʻe, he ʻano maʻamau lākou o ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka hanauna holoʻokoʻa o nā piano piano Mozartian.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ka mana o Geza Anda i kēia hanauna. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia e kāna pāʻani wale nō, akā ma ka hana aʻoaʻo hoʻoikaika. Ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia o nā ʻahaʻaina Salzburg mai 1951, ua alakaʻi pū ʻo ia i nā papa me nā mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mozart; i ka makahiki 1960, ma mua koke o kona make ʻana, hāʻawi ʻo Edwin Fischer iā ia i kāna papa ma Lucerne, a ma hope ua aʻo ʻo Anda i ka wehewehe ʻana i kēlā me kēia kauwela ma Zurich. Ua hoʻokumu ka mea pena kiʻi i kāna mau kumu aʻo penei: "E pāʻani nā haumāna, hoʻolohe wau. Nui ka poʻe pianists e noʻonoʻo me ko lākou manamana lima, akā poina i ka mele a me ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana hoʻokahi. ʻO ka piano, e like me ke alakaʻi ʻana, pono e wehe i nā ʻike hou. " ʻO ka mea kānalua, ʻo ka ʻike waiwai a me ka laulā o ka nānā ʻana i hiki mai i nā makahiki i hiki i ka mea pena ke wehe i kēia mau ʻike mele i kāna mau haumāna. Hoʻohui mākou i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, hana pinepine ʻo Anda ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. ʻAʻole i ʻae ʻia kahi make i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i kāna talena loea e wehe piha. Ua make ʻo ia i ʻelua pule ma hope o nā ʻaha mele lanakila ma Bratislava, ke kūlanakauhale kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia me ka symphony orchestra i alakaʻi ʻia e Ludovit Reiter i mau makahiki i hala.
Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.
