Alto flute: he aha ia, haku mele, kani, noi

ʻO ka ʻohe kekahi o nā mea kani kahiko loa. I loko o ka mōʻaukala, ua ʻike ʻia kona ʻano hou a hoʻomaikaʻi. ʻO kahi ʻano hoʻololi kaulana i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka transverse flute. Aia i loko o ka transverse kekahi mau ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo alto.

He aha ka ʻohe alto

He mea kani makani ka ohe alto. He ʻāpana o ka ʻohana ʻohe o kēia wā. Hana ʻia ka mea hana i ka lāʻau. He paipu lōʻihi a ākea ka ʻohe alto. He hoʻolālā kūikawā nā valves. I ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka ʻohe alto, hoʻohana ka mea hoʻokani i ka hanu ikaika ma mua o ka ʻohe maʻamau.

Ua lilo ʻo Theobald Böhm, he mea haku mele Kelemānia, i mea haku a hoʻolālā i ka mea kani. I ka makahiki 1860, i ka makahiki 66, ua hana ʻo Boehm e like me kāna ʻōnaehana ponoʻī. I ka makahiki 1910, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻo Boehm Mechanics. I ka XNUMX, ua hoʻololi ka mea haku mele Italia i ka mea kani e hāʻawi i ke kani octave haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻohe he 2 mau ʻano - "curved" a me "pololei". Makemake ʻia ke ʻano curved e nā mea hoʻokani liʻiliʻi. ʻO keʻano maʻamauʻole e koi i ka liʻiliʻi o nā lima, e hana i ka manaʻo o ka māmā ma muli o ka neʻeʻana o ke kikowaena o ka'umekaumaha kokoke i ka mea hoʻokani. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pololei no ka mea he kani ʻālohilohi kona.

kani

ʻO ka maʻamau ke kani ka mea kani i ka G a me F - he hapaha haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā memo i kākau ʻia. Hiki ke unuhi i nā memo i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe haku mele ke hoʻohana i kēia. Aia ka leo ʻoi loa ma ka papa inoa haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka leo o ka papa inoa luna, me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kapa ʻia kēia mea kani e ka poʻe mele Pelekane ʻo ka bass flute. Piʻoloke ka inoa Pelekane - aia kahi mea kani kaulana i ka honua me ka inoa like. Ua ulu ka huikau me ka inoa ma muli o ka like me ka tenor flute o ka Renaissance. Hoʻokahi like lākou i ka C. No laila, pono ke kapa ʻia ka leo haʻahaʻa he bass.

noi

ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka noi nui o ka alto flute ʻo ka orchestra. A hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua hoʻohana ʻia ia e unuhi i kahi kani haʻahaʻa e like me ke ʻano o ke koena o ka haku mele. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele pop, ua hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻohana solo. Hiki ke lohe ʻia ka ʻāpana ma Glazunov's Eighth Symphony, Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, Boulez's Hammer Without a Master.

ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa o ka ʻohe alto i nā mele kaulana ʻo ia ke mele "California Dreamin" na The Mamas & the Papas. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi mele me ka mele i ka makahiki 1965, a lilo i mea hoʻokani honua. Ua hoʻokani ʻia ka ʻāpana keleawe ʻoluʻolu e Bud Shank, he saxophonist ʻAmelika a me ka hoʻokani pila.

I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā leo kani no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hoʻohana ʻo John Debney i ka alto flute. Ua kākau ka mea haku mele lanakila ʻo Oscar no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoi aku ma mua o 150. ʻO nā hōʻaiʻē a Debney ka The Passion of the Christ, Spider-Man 2, a me Iron Man 2.

I hana ʻia ma lalo o 200 mau makahiki i hala, ua kaulana ka alto flute a hoʻohana mau ʻia i kēia lā. ʻO ka hōʻoia ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā orchestras a i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā pop hits.